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Setting the Stage for War Following World War I World War I brought about new conflicts What was the Treaty of Versailles? Did not work German resentment What was going on in the world following WWI? Weimar Republic- successful? Dictators driven by nationalism After the war democracies were set up, but collapsed Dictators were able to take power Russia becomes the Soviet Union Communism established by Lenin in 1922 Joseph Stalin takes over in 1924 ?Totalitarian Government? Abolished privately owned farms Established Collectives- large government owned farms worked by hundreds of families. 5 Year Plans- to industrialize quickly 1937 second strongest power in the world Estimated 8 to 13 million killed Stalin murdered people who did not agree with him Millions more died from hunger Mussolini’s Italy Following WWI- unemployment and inflation = discontent in Italy Italy ruled by a king Mussolini takes advantage of discontent Powerful speaker Played on people’s fears 1921 Mussolini established Fascist party Black Shirts= followers Italian King appoints Mussolini head of government Adolf Hitler Following WWI a jobless soldier 1919 joined struggling Nazi Party- German form of fascism based on extreme nationalism. Powerful speaker Good organizer Became party leader The Beer Hall Putsch- 1923 Nazi Party attempted to gain power in Munich, but failed. Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Hitler’s political beliefs Nazi expansion Unite all German speaking people Enforce racial purification (Germans especially) Aryan Race- blue eyed, blond hair=master race destined to rule the world o Jews and non-white were only fit to serve Aryan race ??? What was going on in the world which helped the Nazi’s gain power? How did the Treaty of Versailles treat Germany? Nazi’s Gain Power War Debts & dependence on American loans made German economy suffer. By 1932- 6 million unemployed Many turned to Hitler for help Joined Hitler’s army “Storm Troopers” 1932 Nazi’s strongest political party in Germany 1933 Hitler appointed German chancellor (Prime Minister) Dismantled the Weimar Republic Established the Third Reich Hitler’s First Years Bans Strikes Gov’t given authority over businesses and labor Unemployment dropped from 6 million to 1.5 million in 1936!!!! Built roads, constructed factories, manufactured weapons, and served in the military. What’s wrong with the above statement? Controlled every aspect of German life Press, radio, books to embrace Nazi belief Hitler Youth & League of German Girls SPEECH! SPEECH! SPEECH! The Build Up To World War II China 1830-1912---(1912 Proves To Be A Very Important Year For China Militaristic Japan Emperor reigns but doesn’t rule 1920’s extreme military leaders attempted to overthrow the emperor. Great Depression put blame on government Unsuccessful Military leaders launch surprise attack on China anyway In Manchuria Why would Japan want to invade another country? Manchukuo- 1931 Within months Japan controlled this area Set up a “puppet government” Why didn’t China win against tiny Japan? Back in 1912- Democracy established in China Chiang Kai-shek (democratic) could not defeat the Japanese Better equipped and trained (westernization) Conquer Beijing and Nanjing The Democratic Chinese set up new capital in west and continue to fight Mao Zedong (a Chinese communist) Japanese Invasions What’s the League of Nations? Sent people to investigate What did Japan do? Militarists in total control of Japan Show the Japanese Flick Here! Italy Conquers Ethiopia Resisted Italians in 1890s Mussolini wants revenge October 1935 defeats the Ethiopians Italians had modern weapons, Ethiopians did not League condemns Italy but does nothing Hope to keep peace by giving in Hitler Ignores Versailles Treaty See’s the League did nothing to Japan or ItalyHitler builds up army. League could not stop him Actually makes Hitler more confident Rhineland Buffer between Germany and France Hitler invades despite warnings What happens? Appeasement Giving in to the opponent to keep peace If Britain had stepped in at this point, Hitler would of stopped. Strengthens Hitler’s prestige and power Opens up Belgium and France to Germany Axis Powers Formed Italy and Japan decide to join up with Germany Taking the Rhineland Video Clip #2 The Spanish Civil War Francisco Franco Fascist leader starts civil war in Spain Hitler and Mussolini come to his aid Western democracies stay out of it Russia helps a little Franco wins and becomes dictator The Final Steps U.S. was still Isolationist Passes Neutrality Acts The Third Reich Appeasement Round 2 (Hitler March 1938 Calls A Meeting) Germany annexes Austria Munich Conference France and Britain ignore Germany, France, Britain, Italy pledge to protect Austria Neville Chamberlain Sudetenland British P.M. chooses appeasement Area of Czech made up of Gives Germany Sudetenland if German speakers Germany would respect Czech Hitler demands rule of border the area Winston Churchill Czech’s ask for help Warns that appeasement would lead to war Was Hitler really done? Six Months Later March, 1938 Hitler takes Czechoslovakia Mussolini takes Albania Hitler demands Danzig port from Poland Doesn’t think Britain and France will risk war Hitler and Stalin sign nonaggression pact August 23rd, 1939 Why? No one is left to stop the Axis Powers