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Macroscopic Characterization Feverfew Aerial Parts NOMENCLATURE Common Name: Feverfew A Fracture: Leaf: Brittle. Stem: Fibrous. Aroma: Spicy, mildly camphoraceous. Botanical Family: Asteraceae Parts Used: Aerial parts Powder: Yellowish green; somewhat gritty. Feverfew aerial parts are harvested during the flowering period. They are sold fresh or dried as the entire flowering aerial parts or leaf alone. Dry material is available cut and sifted or powdered. A. Leaves Pinnatisect to deeply pinnatifid; petiole pubescent, often separated from the lamina; blade thin, ovate, 2-5 (--10) cm long, up to 6 cm wide, having ovate or oblong lobes that are rounded, incised or pinnatifid, with margins crenate to entire; apex obtuse; upper surface a dull medium green to yellowish-green, densely punctate, with dark pits at the position of glandular trichomes and raised areas between pits; lower surface lighter green, pitted, major veins prominent; light-colored hairs occur on both surfaces at variable densities, often breaking off during handling. P ridged longitudinally; glabrate to sparsely short hairy; ± round in transverse section, to 6 mm diameter; pith white. Botanical Nomenclature: Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. MACROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION H Taste: Bitter, acrid. QUANTITATIVE STANDARDS Foreign Organic Matter: Aerial Parts: Not to exceed 10% stems having a diameter > 5 mm and 2% other foreign matter. Leaf: Not to exceed 10% stems and other foreign matter. QUALITATIVE DIFFERENTIATION If feverfew is harvested too late in the season, the leaves will lose their deep green color and start turning yellow. A large proportion of yellowed leaves should not be present in commercial material. POTENTIAL ADULTERANTS Historical adulterants have included other members of the Asteraceae, especially cultivars of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) (e.g. Snow Dwarf, Golden Ball, Tom Thumb), which can be sold as feverfew due to their similar leaf structure. Eastern European growers B. Flowers have mistakenly supplied United Kingdom companies Axillary corymbs of 5-20 (--30) heads on long pedicels; with chamomile and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare). For a heads radiate, 12-22 mm diameter; receptacle more complete discussion of the physical and chemical hemispherical, 6-8 mm diameter, naked; phyllaries characterization of feverfew and its adulterants see the imbricate, lanceolate to oblong, light green, downy, AHP Feverfew Aerial Parts monograph (forthcoming). margins membranous; ray florets female, white to cream, may be light-brown when dried, ligule 2-7 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, with 3 shallow lobes, may be attached to the receptacle or separated; disk florets hermaphrodite, yellow, tubular, 5-lobed, stamens 5, filaments free, anthers fused, stigma bilobed. C. Fruit Cypsela brown, cylindric, 1.2 –1.5 mm long with 510 white longitudinal ribs, glandular, bearing a short, crenate, membranous crown. D. Stem Yellow-green to straw-colored, may have a purple hue; American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® Standards of Identity Macroscopic Characterization A Figure 1 Tanacetum parthenium voucher. Figure 2 Tanacetum parthenium (Sowerby). Figure 3 Tanacetum parthenium leaf (upper surface). Figure 4 Tanacetum parthenium leaf (lower surface). H P American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® Standards of Identity Macroscopic Characterization A H Figure 5 Tanacetum parthenium fresh plant. Figure 6 Tanacetum parthenium flower head, showing a close-up of the disk florets. Figure 7 Tanacetum parthenium dry flower head. Figure 8 Tanacetum parthenium dry flower fragments. P American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® Standards of Identity Macroscopic Characterization Figure 9 Tanacetum parthenium cut and sifted. A H P Figure 10 Tanacetum parthenium cut and sifted. Figure 11 Tanacetum parthenium powder. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® Standards of Identity