Download Review guide - Lake Oswego High School

Western Civilization
Mr. Noble
2009-10
SEMESTER 2 FINAL EXAM Review Guide
See additional link for B2 and B3 ‘Livin’ the Life in Rome’ Questions (20 total)
NOTE:
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Exam Questions and correct responses are based upon information in the text, ppt. handouts/notes, activities and/or discussion.
Matching: Four Reformers
Please select the most correct responses from the box on the right.
Organized ten entirely new tribes composed of people from the three regions and of different
family tribes. Broke old tribal or class loyalties & reoriented people towards the state.
Anybody was eligible to serve for one year and it was expected that all male citizens would
serve eventually.
1st codified the laws. Death was the penalty for even minor crimes, like stealing vegetables.
Different classes were also treated differently – debtors could be sold into slavery if in debt to a
higher class.
Made popular reforms: reduced taxation, introduced festivals, increased trade and commerce,
produced coin money, and beautified the city. Had official copies of the Iliad & Odyssey
written. Helped the poor: jobs in public works.
He had to strike a balance between the concerns of the aristocracy and those of the poor. Debtslavery was abolished. Anybody who had been sold into slavery due to debt was liberated.
Introduced trial by jury.
FIND AND
MATCH
Athenian–Spartan Values:
Accurately match the descriptions/characteristics with each City-State, according to notes, ppt. and discussion.
DISCIPLINE
STRENGTH
BEAUTY
ATHENIAN
FREEDOM
INDIVIDUALITY
DUTY
SPARTAN
Athenian–Spartan Government/Culture:
Accurately match the descriptions/characteristics with each City-State, according to notes, ppt. and discussion.
A. ATHENIAN
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B. SPARTAN
Citizens were not encouraged to speak freely, the few who ruled were usually powerful military leaders.
Became a representative democracy.
Anybody was eligible to serve for one year, and it was expected that all male citizens would serve eventually.
Developed a system where either the city-state was controlled by a king or by an oligarchy.
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Please choose the most correct response to the following questions/statements.
Following the rise of the polis in Ancient Greece, two major poleis emerged: Sparta & Athens. What was TRUE?
What was true about Ancient Greece?
What was true about women in Athens?
What was true about women in Sparta?
What was true about the military in Sparta?
What was true about the Spartans?
Slavery was practiced throughout Greece--and in Athens--including…
What were the results of the Persian Wars?
What were the results of the Peloponnesian War?
What is a description of Spartan government function/positions?
The following quotation excerpt is from famous Greek biographer, ___. “The women did not bathe the babies with water, but with wine,
making it a sort of test of their strength. For they say that the epileptic and sickly ones lose control and go into convulsions, but the healthy ones are
rather toughened like steel and strengthened in their physique. The nurses displayed care and skill: they did not use swaddling-bands, making the
babies free in their limbs and bodies. They also made them sensible and not fussy about their food, not afraid of the dark or frightened of being left
alone, not inclined to unpleasant awkwardness or whining. So even some foreigners acquired Spartan nurses for their children.”
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Identify the correct chronological order of the Four Reformers.
Identify the correct chronological order of Greek philosophers (left-to-right 1st, 2nd, 3rd)?
___ founded his own school, the Lyceum--Philip of Macedonia invited him to tutor his 13 year-old son Alexander--after the fall of
Macedonian rule in 323 B.C., charged of impiety and fled to Chalcis in Euboea to avoid execution—his works generally fall under
three categories: dialogues, collections of scientific material, and systematic works.
___ was the “Father of Scientific Medicine”--believed that disease came from natural causes not evil spirits—developed a list of
rules about practicing medicine that doctors today still promise to follow--among other things, he promoted the following
principles: honor your teachers, do your best for the sick, never give poisons and keep the secrets of patients.
___ founded The Academy--made his main contributions in mathematics, philosophy and science—wrote The Republic, outlining
the perfect polis—and believed that only those persons who possessed intellectual as well as moral qualities should be entrusted
with power to ruler over others.
___ believed that since the city is good, it must have the virtues of wisdom, courage, discipline and justice—his divine mission:
“was to expose the ignorance of those who thought themselves wise”—credited for setting the standard for Western philosophy as we
know it today--interest in philosophy began with physical science, but moved into morality and ethics—his method of discussion was a
question/answer system in which he claimed ignorance and questioned the aristocratic youths of Athens.
This Greek philosopher was associated with the following: ”All things are numerable & can be counted.” He believed that
‘number’ is a very vital aspect of the universe & is fundamental in it. Furthermore, he argued that all existing objects were fundamentally
composed of form and not of material substance. Identified the brain as the locus of the soul.
This Greek philosopher criticized his predecessors and contemporaries for their failure to see the unity in experience. His primary
message was two-fold: Reality is constantly changing; and, Reality is an ongoing process rather than a fixed and stable product. He was
the first Western philosopher to go beyond physical theory in search of metaphysical foundations and moral applications.
According to Roman legend, the city was founded in 753 BCE by ___ and ___, twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess.
While Greece is poor in fertile land, Italy is wealthy in both land and precipitation. As a result, the Italians and Roman culture would
identify its values and ideals as ___.
Italy is a peninsula jutting out into the Mediterranean west of Greece. Unlike Greece, Italy is poor in ___ and surprisingly devoid of
____.
The Latins were farmers and shepherds who wandered into Italy across the Alps around 1000 BCE. They settled on either side of the
___ in a region they called Latium. They built the original settlement at ___, a cluster of wooden huts atop one of its seven hills, the
Palatine Hill. These settlers were the first Romans.
The Etruscans came from ___, possibly ___.
Among the spirits that played a role in the life of Romans were ___ and ___. Each of these individual deities stayed with a person for
life and represented the creative force that determined gender and allowed individuals to grow, learn and behave morally within
society.
Every family or household was believed to be assigned a guardian spirit known as the ___. All family functions included these spiritual
guardians in some form or another.
Regarding Etruscan religious beliefs, they were ___ and believed in ___.
While their visible remains leave a definite impression, the great bulk of the Roman aqueducts waterway system ___.
When water reached Rome it flowed into enormous ___ maintained on the highest ground.
The Colosseum got its popular name, because of ___’s colossus (120 ft. high) statue of himself, which was nearby.
The audience, upon entering the Colosseum, climbed sloping ramps to their seats, according to ___ and ___.
The original functionality of Roman roads was mainly designed for ___.
The word "arena" is derived from the Latin arena, which means "___."
Like most major Roman fortifications and public works, Roman roads were primarily built by ___, as they stretched the frontiers.
The common classes lived in apartment like buildings called the ___.
The old saying “___," simply couldn’t have been truer. Rome was the hub of commerce, trade, politics, culture and military might in
the Mediterranean, and the grand achievement of her road network all led directly to the city and back out to her many territories.
The ___ language is the bedrock of the language of Western Civilization, brought to Italy about 1000 BC by Indo-European immigrants
from Northern Europe.
Roman government was a mix of a/an ___ and a/an ___.
Early Roman law was drawn from ___ and ___.
The ___, was developed during the early republic—and, through this, the Roman legal system was characterized by a formalism that
lasted for more than 1,000 years.
Gladiators were typically recruited from all of the following, except
Gladiators were trained in special schools called ___, which could be found as commonly as amphitheatres throughout the empire.
Typically, like modern boxers, most gladiators would not fight more than ___ and with enough fame and fortune they could purchase
their freedom.
A contemporary second century AD scholar, Festus, (who abridged the work of the Augustan era writer Verrius Flaccus) suggests that
gladiatorial combat was ___.
The classic toga was a distinct Roman garment that only ___ were allowed to wear.
Christianization of the empire put the survival of classical literature at risk because these works were ___.
The origins of the Roman pantheon began with the small farming community that made up the ancient village of Rome. The
foundations of the mythology included nameless and faceless deities that lent support to the community while inhabiting all objects
and living things. ___, as the belief in a pantheistic inhabitation of all things is called, would later take root in more clearly defined
system of gods.
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The emergence of ___ with authority to define Christian doctrine became the most important institutional development in Christianity’s
early
Christianity impacted Roman society in several ways, including through philosophy. Plotinus developed a spiritual philosophy, called
____, which influenced many educated Christians as well as polytheists—focusing on a human longing to return to the universal Good
from which human existence derives.
TRUE-FALSE: Alexander-the-Great
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Alexander-the-Great ruled less harshly after his return, and began treating Greeks more fairly--as allies as opposed to mere subjects
Alexander-the-Great -- and his conquests -- had many great impacts on Western Civilization, including his documentation of many
scientific observations, ranging from geography to botany. He would regularly send his notations back to his former tutor, Plato for
consultation and analysis.
Alexander-the-Great inspired his troops by reckless disregard for his own safety in battle. He often led the charge against the enemy,
riding upon his horse (Bucephalus “Oxhead”) wearing a plumed helmet, a vividly colored cloak and armor polished to reflect the sun.
TRUE-FALSE: Religion in Rome
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As the Imperial system gained hold, it was common practice for the Emperors to accept divine honors before their deaths. As Christians
refused to worship the emperor as a god, persecution of the Christians and conflict with the Imperial cult was a constant source of strife.
Emperor worship would continue until late in the western Empire until the reign of Trajan.
Most of the Roman gods and goddesses were a blend of several religious influences. Many of these were introduced via the Greek colonies of
southern Italy and others had their roots in the Etruscan or Latin tribes of the region. In some cases the Etruscan or Latin names survived
throughout the cultural existence of Rome, but many were adopted so completely that they maintained their names from other cultures.
In the first Christian congregations, women held some leadership positions. However, when bishops were established atop the hierarchy,
women were relegated to inferior positions. After leadership posts were closed to women, many of them chose a life of celibacy to
demonstrate their devotion to Christ.
Matching Roman Writers < Roman Language & Literature Handout & Online readings>
Please select the most correct responses from the box on the right.
A Latin poet, and one of the greatest lyricists of the ancient world. He gives a vivid picture of
contemporary Roman society and presents a fine picture of the golden age of Rome under
Augustus. His work survived the centuries and it had immense influence on later European poets.
A Roman satirical poet. His verse was a harsh attack on contemporary policies, social situations
and personalities. He denounced extravagant and luxurious society, the tyranny of various
emperors, and many indiscriminate social behaviors.
Roman philosopher, dramatist, and statesman of the highest order. He became famous as an orator
and served as a full member of the Senate. Despite attempts to retire to private life and focus on
writing, accusations of conspiracy forced the brilliant statesman to commit suicide in 65 AD.
FIND AND
MATCH
Matching Greek Theatre Terms Please select the most correct responses from the box on the right.
The “Dancing Place” where the chorus sang to the audience.
The portion of stage where actors performed (included 1-3 doors in and out).
FIND AND
MATCH
The seating for audience.
Matching Ancient Greece Terms Please select the most correct responses from the box on the right.
Land-bound serfs that worked Spartan land.
Rule by a small group of people. Usually elites bound together by interests and wealth.
A bit like Japanese geishas. Educated to entertain men with good conversations at parties.
Learned physical talents, like dancing
FIND AND
MATCH
excellence; virtue
Center and citadel of city-state. Literally means “high city” or “city at the top.”
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Matching Virtue Ethics Terms
Please select the most correct responses from the box on the right.
hold responsible, liable; blame; reprehensible
Ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility, and that conduct should be directed
toward promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number of persons.
Unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others behavior that is not beneficial to
or may be harmful to oneself but benefits others.
Doctrine that final causes exist; study of evidence of design or purpose in nature.
FIND AND
MATCH
Philosophy of ethics dealing with the meaning of ethical terms, the nature of moral
discourse, and the foundations of moral principles.
Matching Text Reading Terms
Please select the most correct responses from the box on the right.
Literally “shared” or ”common.” The explosion in the use of the Greek language in this form
reflected the emergence of an international culture based on Greek models.
Hellenistic women excelled in writing these – a short style of poem originally used for funeral
epitaphs.
Hellenistic philosophers concentrated on this doctrine—that only things made of matter truly exist.
Denied Plato’s metaphysical concept of the soul. Followed up on Aristotle’s doctrine that only
things identified through logic or observation exist.
FIND AND
Another Hellenistic philosophy. Recommended a less isolationist life. Fate controls people’s lives,
MATCH
but individuals should still make the pursuit of virtue their goal. Putting oneself in harmony with
the divine, rational force of Universal Nature by cultivating good sense, justice, courage and
temperance.
Took name from founder. Key idea: people should be free to worry about death. Because all matter
consists of tiny, invisible and irreducible pieces called atoms (Greek for “indivisible things”) in
random movement, death is nothing more than the painless separating of the body’s atoms.
Further, all human knowledge must be empirical—derived from experience and perception.
Matching Roman Leaders Please select the most correct responses from the box on the right.
Fill these in with key points from notes and leaders ppt.
A. Julius Caesar B. Claudius C. Trajan D. Hadrian E. Diocletian
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ITALY MAP
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