Download Distal - Fun Anatomy

Pronator Teres:
Humeral and Ulnar heads
(Median nerve passes between
heads)
Flexor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer
Attachments:
Proximal:
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
Distal: lateral mid-shaft of radius
Action: pronate forearm (also; stabilize + flex elbow)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
median nerve: C6,7,8, T1
Spinal segments: C6,7
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
Flexor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer
Attachments:
Proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus
Distal: base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: flex + RD wrist jt. (also; stabilize + flex elbow)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
median nerve: C6,7,8, T1
Spinal segments: C6,7
Palmaris longus
(frequently absent)
Flexor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer
Attachments:
Proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus
Distal: palmar aponeurosis
Action: flex wrist (tense palmar fascia for grasp) (also;
stabilize + flex elbow)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
median nerve: C6,7,8, T1
Spinal segments: C7,8
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU):
Humeral and Ulnar heads
(Ulnar nerve passes between
the heads)
Flexor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer
Attachments:
Proximal:
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: olecranon process of ulna
Distal:
Humeral head: hook of hamate
Ulnar head: base of 5th metacarpal
Action: flex + UD wrist jt. (also; stabilize + flex elbow)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
ulnar nerve: C8, T1
Spinal segment: C8
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS):
Humeral-Ulnar and Radial heads
Flexor compartment of the forearm: Intermediate layer
Attachments:
Proximal:
Humeral-Ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus +
coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: proximal radius
Distal: shaft of MIDDLE phalanx of digits 2-5 (note the split
tendon)
Action: flex PIP jt. of digits 2-5 (assist in MP flex + wrist flex)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
median nerve: C6-T1
Spinal segments: C7, 8, T1
Flexor digitorum profundus
(FDP)
Flexor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer
Attachments:
Proximal: ulna (anteromedial shaft + interosseous
membrane)
Distal: base of DISTAL phalanx of digits 2-5
Action: flex DIP of digits 2-5. Assist flex of PIP, MP, and wrist
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
median nerve to digits 2 + 3. Ulnar nerve to digits 4 + 5
Spinal segments: C8, T1
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
Flexor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer
Attachments:
Proximal: radius (anterior shaft + interosseous membrane)
Distal: base of DISTAL phalanx of thumb
Action: Flex IP of thumb. Assist flex of MP, CM
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
median nerve: C6, 7, 8, T1
Spinal segments: C8, T1
Pronator quadratus
Flexor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer
Attachments:
Proximal: distal ulna (anterior)
Distal: distal radius (anterior)
Action: pronate forearm
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
median nerve: C6, 7, 8, T1
Spinal segments: C8, T1
Extensor carpi radialis longus
(ECRL)
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Distal: base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: extend + RD wrist (synergist with FCR to get pure
RD)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C6,7
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
(ECRB)
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal: base of 3rd metacarpal
Action: extend wrist (more central to axis to get pure
extension)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C6,7
Extensor digitorum (ED)
(sometimes includes the term
‘communis’ – EDC)
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal: dorsal apparatus of digits 2-5
Action: extend MP jt. 2-5 (synergist to extend PIP + DIP +
assist wrist extension)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C6,7,8
Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal: dorsal apparatus of digit 5
Action: extend MP jt. of 5 (synergist to extend PIP + DIP)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C7,8
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Superficial layer
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus + posterior ulna
Distal: base of 5th metacarpal
Action: extend + UD wrist (synergist with FCU to get pure
UD)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C7,8
Supinator:
This muscle wraps around
lateral elbow from post. to ant.
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer
Attachments:
Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus + supinator fossa of
ulna
Distal: proximal shaft of radius (in area of radial tuberosity)
Action: supinate forearm (proximal RU jt.)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C6
Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer
Attachments:
Proximal: radius + ulna, interosseous membrane
Distal: base of 1st metacarpal
Action: ABduct + extend CM jt of thumb
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C7,8
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer
Attachments:
Proximal: radius, interosseous membrane
Distal: base of PROXIMAL phalanx of thumb
Action: extend MP jt. of thumb (assist extension of CM jt.)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C7,8
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer
Attachments:
Proximal: ulna, interosseous membrane
Distal: base of DISTAL phalanx of thumb
Action: extend IP jt. of thumb (assist extension of MP + CM
jts.)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C7,8
Extensor indicis (EI)
Extensor compartment of the forearm: Deep layer
Attachments:
Proximal: ulna, interosseous membrane
Distal: dorsal apparatus of index finger
Action: extend MP jt. of index finger (synergist to extend PIP
+ DIP jts.)
PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:
radial nerve: C5-T1
Spinal segments: C7,8