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Punic wars
Punic Wars
• These were wars between
the Roman republic and
Carthage oligarchy.
• Rome in these days have
been controlled by „The
Senate“. It was comprised of
wealthy and noble people
but there was
representative of ordinary
people too - called „The
Tribune of people“ or
Plebeian Tribune.
• Carthage was a city state, it
had many allies and
colonies.
• It was founded by !the
„Foinicians“, these were a
nation of sailors and
merchants.
• Romans called people of
Carthage „The Puni“.
• Carthage traded copper,
slaves, silver and other
commodities.
Why The Rome
battled
Carthage?
• Roman senate decided to wage
war with Carthage. It was a
strong adversary though. It had
Carthage was a
strong navy, numerous army
superpower
and vast funds and many
controlling the
colonies. It also had fighting
Mediterienan Sea..
experience both on sea and
inland. Although Romans were
Romans wanted to
better when fighting on the
control the sea and
ground, they lacked the naval
needed Sicily too.
superiority Carthage had.
Sicily was held by
Carthage.
Romans fought three wars with Carthage. First,
they conquered its colonies, than had to defeat their
navy and army.
The most famous military leader of Carthage,
Hannibal, managed to sail across the sea, during the
second puni war. Then he crossed with his whole army
Alps (even with his famous war elephants). He almost
conquered Rome itself.
Finally, he was defeated by Romans and
abandoned by merchants leading Carthage. They
thouht, the war was too expensive to be waged on. In
their army the mercenaries was the main force, instead
of citizen army, Romans had.
Puni wars were waged during
these years:
The first Puni war (264-241)
The second Puni war (218-201)
The third Puni war (149-146)
(All dates are B.C. )
What was the way the Carthage
was fighting?
• Carthage were famous because of their naval force.
• The ground force was mainly very good, but
differences between units were great.
• They favorized lighter, mercenary trops. Mainly spear
throwers, archers.
• Their army consisted of units with war elephants.
These carried javelin throwers.
• The Carthage had excellent heavy but innumerous
infantry comparable to greek heavy phalanx.
How Romans fought?
• Romans were not initially experienced sailors
and prefered ground fighting.
• Therefore they invented new ways of fighting.
Using ships with built bridges, they were able
to invade enemy ships with troops.
• The core of their armies were legionaries
(foot soldiers), they used auxiliary troops (for
example archers) and cavalry was used mainly
for recon and pursuing of enemies.
What was the fate of Carthage?
• Carthage lost all its colonies and was forced
to pay reparatons.
• Rome was not satisfied and looked for a
reason to start third war.
• When Carthage helped its ally, Rome said it
was prohibited and send an army to destroy it.
Carthage was surrounded, conquered and
almost completely destroyed. But it survived
and was rebuilt, by Romans.
Vocabulary
Hanibal
Galeon
Foinicians
Senat
Tribune of
people/plebeian Tribune
• Mercenary
• Reparations
•
•
•
•
•
• Carthage military leader
who almost conquered
Rome.
• Ship with a low deck
• A nation of sailors and
merchants
• A group of people who
ruled in Rome and created
laws.
• A man who represented
common people in roman
senate.
• Soldier fighting for money.