Download Name: :_____ All ______ is broken down by the body into small bits

Name:__________________________________________________________Period:_____
 All _________ is broken down by the body into small bits!
 By the time food reaches your _______________, it has been broken down into nutrient
molecules that can enter your ___________
 ______________________ then break down the food molecules, _____________energy for
the biological work your cells need to perform.
 ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) = _______ storing molecule that serves as the cell’s
“energy currency;”
o Cells _______ energy by bonding a third _______________ to _________(adenosine
diphosphate) to form _______
o ___________ is ________________when ATP breaks down into ______ and
________________!
o Within a cell, _______________of ATP from ADP and phosphate occurs over and
over, _______________ energy each time!
o Cells use energy:

Homeostasis

Eliminate wastes

Nerve cells transmit impulses

Cellular movement (muscle cells)
o Without ATP a cell would ______!
OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS "THE BIG PICTURE"

_____________________ is the process that provides energy for almost all life.

During photosynthesis,_________________ (organisms that make their own food) use the
sun's energy to make ___________________molecules from__________
and__________________, releasing _____________as a byproduct.

The process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS can be summarized by the following equation:
______________________________________________________________________
 The energy stored in glucose and other carbohydrates can be used later to produce ATP
during _________________________.
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 The PRODUCTS of _____________________ glucose (C6H12O6) and O2, are the
REACTANTS used in ____________________________.
 The WASTE PRODUCTS of ________________________, CO2 and water, are the
REACTANTS used in __________________________.
 The process of photosynthesis does ______ happen all at once; rather it occurs in 2 stages:
o STAGE 1 – Called the ____________________.


________________ is converted to ____________________
____________ is captured from _____________in the ______________ of
plant cells.


__________ is split into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen (O2) through
the process called the electron transport chain.


A photosynthetic cell contains one to thousands of
chloroplasts!
The _______________ is now converted to________________,
which is temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH.
The ______diffuses out of the chloroplasts (byproduct).
o STAGE 2 – Called the ______________________.

The chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of
______________________molecules (__________, ___________ and
________________), using ___________________(CO2).
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 Energy releasing process- the sugars made during photosynthesis are broken down and
energy is released
 Formula:
 ______________________________________________________
 Energy = ATP’s;
o form of ____________ used to fuel
cellular activity
 Processes:
 Glycolysis
 Kreb’s Cycle
 Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
 TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION:
1. __________________________________ (________________of OXYGEN)
 If OXYGEN is PRESENT, the products of Glycolysis ENTER the pathways of
aerobic respiration.
 Produces a much larger amount of ATP, up to 20 times more ATP produced
 2 major stages are the _________________& ___________________________
2. _____________________ (____________of OXYGEN) aka….________________
~ Note: Both types of pathways ________with________________.
 RESPIRATION PROCESSES:
1.___________________________:

Occurs in the _______________of the cell

Pathway in which one _______________molecule of __________________is
oxidized to produce two __________________molecules of ______________
______________.

Creates ________molecules

Attaches H’s to NAD+ (______________) and forms NADH
(____________________________)
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2. ________________________(Citric Acid Cycle) – Aerobic respiration

Occurs in the _______________________

Biochemical pathway that breaks down_________________,
producing________ , H+, NADH, FADH2, and_________.

Aerobic process

Takes in pyruvate molecules from__________________.


After the reaction, produces CO2 and ____________molecules
Attaches H’s to NAD+ and FAD to create NADH and FADH2 (these will be used to
make ________in the_________)
3. _____________________________(ETC) – Aerobic respiration

Occurs in the _____________mitochondrial membrane

Uses the NADH and FADH2 from the ___________

FADH2 and NADH enter, release H’s so they can attach to __________and form
water

Energy is released as a result of breaking down these molecules.

Produces approximately ___________
Importance of Aerobic Respiration:
 To transfer chemical energy (___________) to a form of energy that is useable
by cells (_______)!!!
 Total net gain in ATP molecules per glucose = ____________
 ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION:
-
Occurs ________glycolysis, only if _______ oxygen is present
-
_______ additional _______is synthesized
-
2 Types:
1. _________________________________:

Occurs in __________

Takes in ______________and NADH and releases
________________and____________________.

Bakers use alcoholic fermentation of __________to make bread.

Used to make wine and beer
2. _______________________________:
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
Occurs in ____________

Takes in ________________and NADH and releases ____________

Lactic Acid Fermentation by microorganisms plays an essential role in the
manufacture of food products such as ____________and____________.
 DURING EXERCISE, breathing____________ provide your body with all the oxygen it needs
for aerobic respiration. When muscles run out of_______________, the cells switch
to________________________________________!

This process provides your _____________with the energy then need during
exercise.
 The ______________of lactic acid fermentation are______________,
__________, _____________, and___________________.
 Most lactic acid made in the muscles diffuse into the bloodstream, then to the
liver, where it is converted back to PYRUVIC ACID when oxygen becomes available.
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