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chapter 1 Physiology of Aerobic & Anaerobic Exercise Introduction to Nutrition for Exercise and Prof Jennifer Broxterman, RD, MSc Health FN3373: Nutrition for Physical Activity Lecture 2 Author name here for Edited books What Fuels Physical Activity? ATP Hydrolysis of ATP ATP & Energy Use by Exercising Muscles Rephosphorylation of ADP to Form ATP Energy Systems that Replenish ATP Creatine Phosphate Anaerobic Glycolysis Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Characteristics of the 3 Energy Systems Speed of Action Amount of ATP Replenished Duration of Action Creatine Phosphate Anaerobic Glycolysis Very Fast Very Small Very Short Fast Small Short Oxidative Phosphorylation Very Slow Large Very Long Energy System 1 Creatine Phosphate Creatine Phosphate Energy System The CrP Energy System Rephosphorylates ADP to ATP Rapidly • Anaerobic reaction • If [ATP] in a muscle ↓ there is an accompanying ↑ in ADP in the cell – ↑ in the activity of CK, allowing the reaction to proceed faster • CrP is stored in very small amounts • At very high-intensity exercise it takes ~ 5-10 seconds for CrP in the muscle to be depleted and fatigue to set in Characteristics of the CrP Energy System • • • • • • • • One chemical step Catalyzed by creatine kinase (CK) Very fast reaction One ATP per CrP molecule 5-10 second duration Anaerobic Fatigue associated with CrP depletion Predominant energy system in very highintensity exercises (power events) Creatine Phosphate & ADP Rephosphorylation The Creatine Shuttle Energy System 2 Anaerobic Glycolysis Glucose GLYCOLYSI S 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules Aerobic Metabolism CO2 + H2O If Oxygen is Present 36-38 ATP If Oxygen is Absent Anaerobic Metabolism Lactic Acid The Anaerobic Glycolysis Energy System Anaerobic Glycolysis Cori Cycle Energy System 3 Oxidative Phosphorylation Glucose GLYCOLYSI S 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules Aerobic Metabolism CO2 + H2O If Oxygen is Present 36-38 ATP If Oxygen is Absent Anaerobic Metabolism Lactic Acid Cellular Respiration Overview C6H12O6 + 6O2 (glucose) 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (heat and ATP) • The energy in one molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP • Aerobic respiration involves a series of 3 reactions: – Glycolysis – Krebs Cycle – Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis Oxidative Phosphorylation Energy System Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain of Oxidative Phosphorylation Macronutrients as Fuel Sources during Exercise Beta Oxidation Respiratory Exchange Ratio Respiratory Exchange Ratio Respiratory Exchange Ratio RER Chart
