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Gate Array Solutions Gate Array solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Application examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Multiple actuator controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 NA7105x compliant PC peripheral integration . . . . . . . 5 Medical imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 CPU/MCU interface extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Graphics controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 EMI noise reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Gate Array ASIC solution benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 CMOS-N5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 CMOS-9HD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 EA-9HD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 CMOS-10HD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 CMOS-12M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Packaging solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Design service and support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 2 Gate Array solutions Gate Array ASICs are a well-established technology for implementing customer specific logic functions in a simple, fast and in particular a very cost-effective manner. They can be used for many purposes in all kind of applications. In Gate Array ASICs the customer specific functions are implemented via the metallization layers. In contrast to field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), where the customer logic functions are stored in SRAM memories for the sake of reprogrammability, Gate Array ASICs show various advantages, especially when there is no need for re-programmability and volumes exceed a certain value. This brochure will show you in detail where the specific advantages of Gate Array ASICs in comparison with FPGAs are. Also, as an integrated device manufacturer (IDM), NEC Electronics is governing all competence and know-how of its Gate Array ASIC process technologies. This does not only explain the excellence of the products but also explains, why NEC Electronics is in the position to maintain production for many years. The life time of Gate Array ASIC process technologies at NEC Electronics typically exceeds 15 years. This brochure provides examples and suggestions to show how easily and effectively Gate Array ASICs can be used to offer solutions in various application fields. It also describes in detail when and why the conversion of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) into Gate Arrays makes sense, not only for commercial, but also for technical reasons. In contrast to Cell-based IC (CB-IC) ASICs, where the customer specific functions are already implemented starting from the transistor level, Gate Array ASICs are faster and easier to design and feature significantly lower non-recurring engineering (NRE) cost. So, in the context of Gate Array ASICs, cost-efficiency has many faces: • Low non-recuring engineering cost (NRE) • Low unit cost • Low development cost due to fast and simple design-flows NEC Electronics has been the world-wide leader in Gate Array ASICs for more than a decade meanwhile. This success is based upon a deep understanding of technology and most importantly of customer requirements. Gate Array ASIC product overview Product Gate length (drawn) [µm] Core supply voltage [V] Interface voltages [V] Metal layers [number] Max. gate count [raw ASIC gates] Embedded memory CMOS-N5 0.5 5 / 3.3 / 3.0 5 / 3.3 / 3.0 2 123k – CMOS-9HD 0.35 3.3 5 / 3.3 3/4 2.5M – EA-9HD 0.35 3.3 5 / 3.3 3/4 2.5M Flexible, CB-IC type CMOS-10HD 0.25 2.5 / 1.8 3.3 / 2.5 / 1.8 4/5 2.6M – CMOS-12M 0.15 1.5 3.3 / 2.5 / 1.8 5/6 4.4M max. 2.7 Mbit (More details on the individual benefits of each technology are described later.) 3 Application example: Multiple actuator controller Challenge Controlling multiple external drivers Solution proposal diagram 4 Solution advantages Through its true 5 V interfacing capabilities and its very low unit and NRE cost, CMOS-N5 Gate Array technology is the ideal solution to support solutions, where multiple devices, each with rather low individual complexity, are required. Solution specific key features • Full 5 V driving capabilities • Very low NRE and unit cost • Low-complexity with fast and easy design capabilities Application example: NA7105x compliant PC peripherals + logic Challenge Integration of single or multiple NA7105x compliant peripheral blocks together with customer specific logic in a single device. Block diagram Solution CMOS-N5 Gate Array technology µPD6589A master / 80-pin TQFP package Further solution proposal Available number of peripheral cores 2 pieces 3 pieces 4 pieces µPD71051 µPD65881 µPD65941 48-pin TQFP µPD65894 µPD65942 64-pin TQFP µPD65894 µPD65942 64-pin TQFP µPD65894 µPD65942 80-pin TQFP µPD71054 µPD65892 µPD65941 48-pin TQFP µPD65883 µPD65942 64-pin TQFP µPD65883 µPD65942 64-pin TQFP µPD65883 µPD65942 64-pin TQFP µPD71055 µPD65880 48-pin TQFP µPD65892 80-pin TQFP µPD65882 100-pin TQFP µPD65894 144-pin LQFP µPD71059 µPD65881 µPD65941 48-pin TQFP µPD65882 µPD65941 48-pin TQFP µPD65894 µPD65941 64-pin TQFP µPD65894 µPD65941 80-pin TQFP 1 piece NA71051 <=> 8251: Serial control unit NA71054 <=> 8254: Programmable timer unit NA71055 <=> 8255: Parallel interface unit NA71059 <=> 8259: Interrupt control unit 5 Application example: Medical imaging Challenge High-speed data handling with low-power consumption Solution proposal diagram 6 Solution advantages CMOS-10HD Gate Array technology is ideally suited for high-performance, lowpower applications with high-bandwidth data processing. Solution specific key features • High-speed Gate Array technology • 2.5 V or optionally 1.8 V supply voltage • LVDS and other high-speed buffers available Application example: CPU/MCU interface extension Challenge Individual and flexible extension in accordance with exact customer requirements. Solution proposal diagram Solution advantages EA-9HD/CMOS-9HD offers a wide range of masters in order to allow integration of solutions with small to large complexity. Solution specific key features • 3.3 V core supply voltage • Special I/F buffer (eg. USB) availability • EMI noise reduction features • Standard interface IP macros • PCI buffers 7 Application example: Graphics controller Challenge High-performance graphics controller with integrated DDR SDRAM memory interface Solution proposal diagram 8 Solution advantages CMOS-12M offers a wide range of masters in order to allow integration of solutions with large complexity. The pre-diffused high-density SRAM memory fits all upcoming memory requirements. CMOS-12M is a deep sub-micron technology featuring 1.5 V supply voltage and a very low power consumption at high-speed. Solution specific key features • Low power consumption • High-speed technology • Special I/F buffer (eg. SSTL, LVDS) availability • Embedded SRAM • Wide range of packaging solutions Special feature: EMI noise reduction Challenge Reduction of electro-magnetic interference (EMI) noise induced by the circuit in susceptible applications and environments. Application 1: Capacitance cells Capacitance cells can be allocated to any space in the internal core area. Noise is reduced because capacitance cells absorb clock noise. Key benefit: EMI noise reduction without compromising die area efficiency. Application 2: SSCG clock generator A ±5% modulation for source clock signal is applied. EMI peak is flattened because of the spreading of the clock noise. Spread-spectrum clock generation Key benefit: Generic EMI noise reduction Application 3: Power line isolation Power line isolation between core and I/O. Key benefit: Noise from internal circuits is isolated from I/O signals. 9 Gate Array ASIC solution benefits Gate Array ASIC solutions from NEC Electronics by nature have some very strong advantages over other solutions such as SRAMbased field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). ✓ Wide range operating ambient temperature / Ta All Gate Array solutions offered by NEC Electronics feature a full ambient temperature range from -40 up to +85°C. Depending on individual packaging/mounting solutions, junction temperature (Tj) of +125°C is possible. ✓ Single supply voltage NEC Electronics’ Gate Array solutions only require a single supply voltage with an accuracy of just +/10% for proper operation. ✓ High performance Due to the fact that Gate Array solutions use hardwired connections for the logic implementation they are inherently faster than other solutions like FPGAs. ✓ Low power consumption Gate arrays show a much smaller* power consumption in comparison to FPGAs for two reasons: Firstly, the hard-wired logic results in much smaller leakage currents and secondly, the rush current during the power-on phase is also significantly lower. * up to one order of magnitude ✓ 10 Small number of I/Os For the same application, gate array ASICs need significantly less I/O pins than other solutions. Firstly, no programming pins are required and secondly – due to lower power consumption – less power & ground pins are needed. The reduction of I/O package pins usually comes along with the reduction of package size. ✓ Fast start-up time As Gate Array ASICs are hard-wired and do not need to be re-programmed after powering up, they are started-up much faster than FPGAs. Gate arrays typically need less than 1 msec for starting-up. ✓ Low failure rate Gate array ASICs show a very low failure rate of typically less than 3 FIT. Again, due to their SRAMbased architecture, FPGAs feature much worse values here. So-called soft errors (SER), which the latest generation FPGAs are extremely susceptible to, are unknown to Gate Array ASICs. ✓ High design data security (Copy protection) The circuit data with the customer proprietary design details are protected by hard-wired connections within the Gate Array chip. Compared to FPGAs, there is no bit stream necessary from the outside for re-programming at every start-up. ✓ Direct 5 Volts interface With NEC Electronics Gate Arrays ASICs direct 5V connections are possible without any additional external components (e.g. resistors). ✓ Wide choice of packaging solutions NEC Electronics’ Gate Array ASICs are available with a very wide choice of different packaging solutions, ranging from high-end Advanced BGA (ABGA) packages to very small outline, low pin-count Tape Fine-Pitch BGA (TFPBGA), SSOP or QFN packages. 11 CMOS-N5 Extremely short development and production turn-around times make CMOS-N5 a very quick and easy solution, perfectly fitting for small, very low-cost companion ASICs. Special Features Besides, this CMOS-N5 is a true 5 V technology. Available packages • 0.5 µm drawn gate length • QFP, LQFP, TQFP, • 5 V or 3.3 V +/- 10% supply voltage libraries • FPBGA, TFPBGA • Ambient operating temperature from - 40 to +85°C (industrial) • SSOP • QFN Specification Process 0.5 µm CMOS process Number of usable gates 1,500 to 92,500 gates Supply voltage range 2.7 ... 5.5 V Internal gate 0.21 ns (supply voltage: 5.0 V, F/O=1, typical wire length) 0.28 ns (supply voltage: 3.3 V, F/O=1, typical wire length) Power gate 0.16 ns (supply voltage: 5.0 V, F/O=1, typical wire length) 0.22 ns (supply voltage: 3.3 V, F/O=1, typical wire length) Input buffer 0.23 ns (supply voltage: 5.0 V, F/O=1, typical wire length) 0.31 ns (supply voltage: 3.3 V, F/O=1, typical wire length) Output buffer 1.30 ns (supply voltage: 5.0 V, IOL=9 mA, CL=15 pF) 2.02 ns (supply voltage: 3.3 V, IOL=9 mA, CL=15 pF) Delay time Typical operating frequency (depends on the circuit configuration) 12 5 V operation: 80 MHz 3.3 V operation: 50 MHz 3.0 V operation: 30 MHz Output drive capacity IOL = 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 mA Operating ambient temperature TA = -40 to +85°C (Tjunction up to +125°C) I/O buffer CMOS level, TTL level (no output), oscillation block (MHz band) Memory macro Asynchronous high-density single-/dual-port RAM Mega macros - Programmable DMA controller - Serial control unit - Programmable timer counter - Parallel interface unit - Interrupt control unit - UARTs Test related SCAN, BSCAN Other macros CTS CMOS-9HD CMOS-9HD features a well proven mid-performance process that allows for flexible implementation of high complexity designs making use of 3 or optionally 4 metal layers. System performances beyond 100MHz can easily be achieved. Special Features Available packages • 0.35 µm drawn gate length • QFP, LQFP, TQFP, • 3.3 V supply voltage libraries • FPBGA, TFPBGA • Ambient operating temperature from - 40 to +85°C (industrial) • TBGA, PBGA, ABGA • QFN • High speed I/O‘s: GTL, GTL+, HSTL, SSTL, pECL, PCI Specification Process 0.35 µm CMOS process Number of usable gates 9,700 to 1,500,000 gates Supply voltage range 3.0 ... 3.6 V Delay time Internal gate 131 ps (F/O=1, typical wire length) Power gate 107 ps (F/O=1, typical wire length) Input buffer 229 ps (F/O=2, typical wire length) Output buffer 1.396 ps (IOL=9 mA, CL=15 pF) Typical operating frequency 100 MHz Output drive capacity IOL = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 mA Operating ambient temperature TA = -40 to +85°C (Tjunction up to +125°C) I/O buffer 3.3 type, 5 V tolerant, PCI, GTL+, oscillation block (MHz band) Memory macro - Synchronous high-speed dual-port compiled RAM - Asynchronous high-speed single-/dual-port compiled RAM - Asynchronous high-density single-/dual-port RAM, ROM Mega macros - Serial control unit - Programmable timer counter - Interrupt control unit - UART Test related SCAN, BSCAN Other macros CTS, DPLL (for phase control, for multiplication) (depends on the circuit configuration) - V30 - 8051 compatible CPU - CAN 13 EA-9HD EA-9HD is an advanced embedded array 0.35 µm CMOS process with 3 or optionally 4 metal layers. EA-9HD is based on a high-density, high-speed channel-less sea-of-gates (SOG) architecture that enables embedded high-density cell-based SRAM blocks. EMI noise is reduced by filling up the empty area of an internal circuit with special capacity cells and/or by separating the power supply line of the internal circuit and the I/O part. Special Features Available packages • 3.3 V supply voltage • QFP, LQFP, TQFP, • 5V full-swing I/Os • FPBGA, TFPBGA • SSCG(spread spectrum clock generator) macro to suppress EMI noise • TBGA, PBGA, ABGA • QFN Specification Process 0.35 µm CMOS process Number of usable gates 9,700 to 1,500,000 gates Supply voltage range 3.0 ... 3.6 V Delay time Internal gate 131 ps (F/O=1, typical wire length) Power gate 107 ps (F/O=1, typical wire length) Input buffer 229 ps (F/O=2, typical wire length) Output buffer 1.396 ps (IOL=9 mA, CL=15 pF) Typical operating frequency 100 MHz Output drive capacity IOL = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 mA Operating ambient temperature TA = -40 to +85°C (Tjunction up to +125°C) I/O buffer 3.3 type, 5 V full-swing, PCI, GTL+, oscillation block (MHz band, KHz band) Memory macro - Synchronous high-speed dual-port compiled RAM - Synchronous high-density single-/dual-port compiled RAM, ROM Mega macros - Serial control unit - Programmable timer counter - Interrupt control unit - UART - POR (power-on-reset) Test related SCAN, BSCAN Other macros CTS, DPLL (for phase control, for multiplication), APLL (for phase control, for multiplication), SSCG PLL (depends on the circuit configuration) 14 - V30 - 8051 compatible CPU - CAN CMOS-10HD CMOS-10HD features a high-density 0.25 µm CMOS process with a channel-less sea-of-gates (SOG) structure. 3 or 4 metal layers are available. CMOS-10HD also offers two multi supply voltage options: 3.3 V (interface) / 2.5 V (internal) or 3.3 V (interface) / 1.8 V (internal). The 1.8 V supply voltage option is ideally suited to applications requiring low-power consumption. Special Features Available packages • • • • • • • • 0.25 µm drawn gate length 2.5 V and 1.8 V supply voltage libraries available Ambient operating temperature from - 40 to +85°C (industrial) High speed I/Os: LVDS, SSTL2/3, PECL, PCI, GTL+ QFP, LQFP, TQFP, FPBGA, TFPBGA TBGA, PBGA, ABGA QFN Specification Process 0.25 µm CMOS process Number of usable gates 38,000 to 1,563,000 gates Supply voltage range Single power supply 1.65 ... 2.0 V, 2.25 ... 2.75 V Dual power supply Internal: 1.65 ... 2.0 V, 2.25 ... 2.75 V I/O: 1.65 ... 3.6 V Internal gate 163 ps (internal power supply = 1.8 V, F/O = 1, typical wire length) 113 ps (internal power supply = 2.5 V, F/O = 1, typical wire length) Power gate 139 ps (internal power supply = 1.8 V, F/O = 1, typical wire length) 91 ps (internal power supply = 2.5 V, F/O = 1, typical wire length) Input buffer 243 ps (internal power supply = 1.8 V, 1.8 V input buffer, F/O = 1, typical wire length) 173 ps (internal power supply = 2.5 V, 2.5 V input buffer, F/O = 1, typical wire length) Output buffer 1246 ps (internal power supply = 1.8 V, 1.8 V output buffer, IOL = 12 mA, CL = 15 pF) 776 ps (internal power supply = 2.5 V, 2.5 V output buffer, IOL = 12 mA, CL = 15 pF) Delay time Typical operating frequency (depends on the circuit configuration) Internal power supply 2.5 V: 133 MHz Internal power supply 1.8 V: 66 MHz Output drive capacity IOL = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 mA Operating ambient temperature TA = -40 to +85°C (Tjunction up to +125°C) I/O buffer 1.8 V type, 2.5 V type, 3.3 V type, LVDS, SSTL2/3, PECL, PCI, GTL+ Memory macro Synchronous high-speed single-port or dual-port compiled RAM Mega macros - Programmable DMA controller - Serial control unit - Programmable timer counter - Parallel interface unit - Interrupt control unit - UART - PCI Test related SCAN, BSCAN Other macros CTS, DPLL (for phase control, for multiplication) - V30 - 8051 compatible CPU 15 CMOS-12M CMOS-12M represents the link between Gate Array technologies and deep-submicron ASICs. It is based on a 150 nm node length CMOS process with channel-less seaof-gates (SOG) structure, making use of 5 or 6 metal layers for optimum routing. One key feature of CMOS-12M is the availability of embedded high-density dual-ported SRAM memory blocks. Special Features Available packages • 150 nm node length, 1.5 V supply voltage • QFP, LQFP, • Sea-of-gates architecture with embedded high-density SRAM memory blocks • FPBGA, TFPBGA • PBGA, ABGA • Ambient operating temperature from - 40 to +85°C (industrial) • Low unit cost and low NRE Specification Process 150 nm node length CMOS process Number of usable gates 125,000 to 2,000,000 gates Package 100/144 LQFP, 208 QFP(FP), 108/160/208 FPBGA, 256/324/449/676 PBGA, 352/500/576/672/756 ABGA Supply voltage range Internal: 1.5 ± 0.15 V External: 1.35 ... 3.6 V Power consumption 19.6 nW/MHz/gate (Operation rate = 0.35) Delay time 62 ps (2-input NAND, F/O=1, typical wire length) Typical operating frequency 200 MHz Output drive capacity IOL = 3, 6, 9, 12 mA Operating ambient temperature TA = -40 to +85°C (Tjunction up to +125°C) I/O interface 3.3 V CMOS, LVTTL, LVPECL, 2.5 V CMOS, 2.5 V LVDS, SSTL2, SSTL3, 2.5 V LVPECL, 3.3 V PCI, HSTL, GTL+ Memory macro Synchronous 1-port or 2-port compiled RAM, Embedded RAM Mega macros - UART - PCI controller - DDR controller Embedded macros - SRAM: Synchronous dual-port compiled RAM - APLL: Phase-shift type, SSCG type - DLL: For high-speed SDRAM interface Embedded test related SCAN, BSCAN, BIST (depends on the circuit configuration) 16 Packaging solutions for Gate Array ASICs A wide variety of different packaging solutions is available for NEC Electronics’ Gate Array ASIC technologies. NEC Electronics focusses particularly on very small-outline packages with low pin counts. All solutions are available in RoHS-compliant versions. QFP (Quad Flat Pack) • Well-established, general purpose package • 44 to 376 pins • 0.4 mm to 1 mm pin pitch • 1 or 2.7 mm package height [T]FPBGA ([Tape] Fine Pitch Ball Grid Array) • Small footprint, low-height and low-weight chip-size package • 61 to 400 balls • Versions from 0.5 mm up to 1 mm ball pitch available • Ultra low-profile versions with 0.65 mm height (TFPBGA) available TBGA (Tape-automated bonding Ball Grid Array) • Improved thermal characteristics • 256 to 768 balls • 1 or 1.27 mm ball pitch PBGA (Plastic Ball Grid Array) • High-ball count, low-cost BGA package • 225 to 672 balls • 1.27 mm ball pitch QFN (Quad Flat No leads) • Very small outline, similar to TFPBGA • Larger lead pitch, better suited for low-cost PCBs SSOP (Small Single Outline Package) • 20/30-pin option available • Standardized package solution 17 Solution design-in support As an integral part of its Gate Array ASIC solutions, NEC Electronics also offers to support its customers at the requested design entry point. Thus, customers who are not familiar with the Gate Array ASIC design flow specifics will be also able to have their design turned into silicon in a smooth way within very short time. NEC Electronics uses primarily the RTL handover interface for doing FPGA conversions. RTL handover benefits: C Start of design Development of FPGA incl. testbench (customer) Delivery of VHDL-database, pinout, constraints to NEC C N Conversion of database, SCAN insertion, ATPG (NEC) 10 days Layout (NEC) N 1 day C N 1 day N 17 days Samples delivery The design source files are optimized directly on NEC Electronics libraries • This is a very efficient way of conversion resulting in reduced chip cost • This method requires VHDL or Verilog synthezisable source files • Memories are mapped one by one as specified in the netlist • This method can be handled regardless of the design entry method used C N Joint approval of layout data, delivery of marking data • The diagram shows the different steps through the smooth and successful implementation of a Gate Array ASIC. The numbers at the right hand side describe the number of working days required on the basis of a CMOS-N5 design example. C: Customer N: NEC Electronics Key benefits 18 • Complete design and layout are done in Europe • Customers receive personal design support throughout the entire design • Long lasting experience and reliable support based upon several hundred customer designs already completed Gate Array Solutions by NEC Electronics NEC Electronics (Europe) GmbH Duesseldorf, Germany Tel: 0211-65 030 Fax: 0211-65 03 1327 Offices in Europe: www.eu.necel.com/europe Distributors in Europe: www.eu.necel.com/distributors NEC Electronics Corporation Kawasaki, Japan Tel: 044-435-5111 Fax: 044-435-1667 Offices world-wide: www.eu.necel.com/global NEC Electronics Inc. (U.S.) Santa Clara, California Tel: 408-588-6000 800-366-9782 Fax: 408-588-6130 800-729-9288 Internet: www.eu.necel.com/asic E-mail: [email protected] © Published by NEC Electronics (Europe) GmbH Printed in Germany, August 2006 Document No. A18020EE1V0PF00 All product, brand, or trade names used in this pamphlet are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Product specifications are subject to change without notice. To ensure that you have the latest product data, please contact your local NEC Electronics sales office. www.eu.necel.com