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GEOGRAPHY TERMS REVIEW Archipelago • A group or chain of islands clustered together in a sea or ocean. Arid • A region with extreme/severe lack of water resulting in hindering growth and development of plants and animals. Aquifer • An area underground that holds water in the gaps between rock, sand or gravel, sort of like an underground lake or stream. Basin • A sunken area in a plateau found between mountain ranges. Butte • A flat-topped rock or hill formation with steep sides. Canyon • A deep valley with very steep sides - often carved from the Earth by a river. Desert • A very dry terrain. Escarpment • A long, steep cliff that was cased by an earthquake millions of years ago. Fault (line) • A break in the earth caused by the shifting of tectonic plates beneath the earth’s surface millions of years ago. Fjord • A long, narrow sea inlet that is bordered by steep cliffs. Plain(s) • Plains are flat lands that have only small changes in elevation Plateau • A large, flat area of land that is higher than the surrounding land. Glacier • A long-lasting, slowlymoving river of ice on land. Gulf • A part of a large body if water that feeds into the ocean; it extends into a shoreline. Island • A piece of land that is surrounded by water. Isthmus • A narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses. An isthmus has water on two sides. Lagoon • A body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral. Lake • A lake is a small body of water that is completely surrounded by land. Lakes are usually found in the bottom of a basin, and they are fed by a river. Mountain Range • A group of mountains bordered by lowlands. Mesa • A broad, flat-topped elevation with one or more cliff like sides. – Geographers use the rule that a mesa has a top wider than its height, while a butte's top is narrower. Oasis • An area made fertile by a source of freshwater in an otherwise dry and arid region. Peninsula • A body of land surrounded by water on three sides is called a peninsula. Reef • A strip or ridge of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of water. Sea • A division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land. Swamp • An area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects; a bog or marsh. Timber Line • A line marking the upper limit of tree growth in mountains or northern latitudes. Tributary • A river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake. Volcano • An opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected.