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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
Submitted to
REGIONAL TECHNICAL FORUM
Submitted by
RTF CVR Subcommittee
DRAFT - May 15, 2012
CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
Table of Contents
1
PURPOSE ................................................................................................... 1
2
SUNSET CRITERIA ......................................................................................... 1
3
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS ............................................................................. 1
4
ELIGIBLE PROJECTS ....................................................................................... 2
5
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF PRACTITIONER .......................................... 3
6
DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 3
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Temperature Data............................................................................................................ 3
M&V Field Metering Data ................................................................................................ 3
Instrumentation Accuracy ............................................................................................... 4
Shop Calibration and Field Verification ........................................................................... 4
7
POST-PERIOD RE-VERIFICATION TRIGGERS ......................................................... 4
8
PRE-CVR (BASELINE) AND POST-CVR DESCRIPTIONS AND PERFORMANCE................. 5
8.1 Primary Method ............................................................................................................... 5
8.1.1 Gather Historical VCZ Data .............................................................................................. 5
8.1.2 Perform VCZ Load Flow Assessments .............................................................................. 5
8.1.2.1
Load Flow Simulation and System Performance Assessments .......................... 6
8.1.2.2
Voltage Operation Parameters for Pre-CVR and Post-CVR ................................ 6
8.1.3 Application Specifications For Meters ............................................................................. 7
8.1.3.1
VCZ source metering .......................................................................................... 7
8.1.3.2
VCZ lowest voltage location metering (typically at end-of-line) ........................ 7
8.2 Alternate Method ............................................................................................................ 7
9
ENERGY SAVINGS CALCULATION METHOD (PRELIMINARY AND VERIFICATION) ............ 8
9.1 Primary Method ............................................................................................................... 8
9.1.1 Selection of 90 day Verification Period ........................................................................... 8
9.1.2 Preliminary Estimate of Savings ...................................................................................... 8
9.1.2.1
General Estimating Formulation......................................................................... 8
9.1.2.2
Determine Total Energy ANNUAL ...................................................................... 9
9.1.2.3
Determine CVR FACTOR-Estimated ................................................................... 9
9.1.2.4
Determine ΔV ANNUAL-Estimate .................................................................... 10
9.1.2.5
Preliminary Estimated Energy Savings ............................................................. 10
9.1.3 Determination of Verified Savings................................................................................. 10
9.1.3.1
General Non-Linear Regression Formulation ................................................... 11
9.1.3.2
Verified annual CVR factor determination ....................................................... 11
9.1.3.3
Verified annual change in average voltage ΔV determination ......................... 12
9.1.3.3.1 Calculation of average annual Pre-CVR voltage ......................................... 12
9.1.3.3.1.1 Determine Pre-CVR (Baseline) parameters C, D, E, F for a VCZ ......... 12
9.1.3.3.1.2 Determine Pre-CVR “A” &” B” for measurement period ................... 12
9.1.3.3.1.3 The Pre-CVR average annual primary voltage ................................... 12
9.1.3.3.2 Calculation of average annual Post-CVR voltage ....................................... 13
i
CVR Standard Savings Estimation Protocol - Fan VFD
9.1.3.3.2.1 Determine Post-CVR parameters C, D, E, F for a VCZ ........................ 13
9.1.3.3.2.2 Determine Post-VO “A” &” B” for measurement period ................... 13
9.1.3.3.2.3 VCZ-Post average annual primary voltage ......................................... 13
9.1.3.4
Verified annual energy savings ......................................................................... 14
9.1.4 Commissioning Performance Verification ..................................................................... 14
9.2 Alternative Method........................................................................................................ 14
9.2.1 Selection of Verification Period ..................................................................................... 14
9.2.2 Preliminary Estimate of Savings .................................................................................... 14
9.2.3 Determination of Verified Savings................................................................................. 14
9.2.3.1
CVRf Estimation (applies to the performance evaluation period) ................... 15
9.2.3.2
Automated CVR Performance Forecasting ....................................................... 15
10
RTF CALCULATOR MODEL ........................................................................... 15
10.1 Primary Method ............................................................................................................. 15
10.1.1
10.1.2
Calculator Specifications Summary For Each voltage control zone ........................ 16
Calculation (summary) ............................................................................................ 17
10.2 Alternative Method........................................................................................................ 18
11
CONTROL GROUP: ..................................................................................... 18
12
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PROTOCOLS AND GUIDELINES ....................................... 18
13
RECOMMENDED MODELS AND TOOLS: ............................................................ 18
13.1 Primary Method Models and Tools ............................................................................... 18
13.2 Alternative Method Models and Tools .......................................................................... 19
14
ii
REFERENCES: ............................................................................................ 19
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
1 Purpose
The Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) Standard Measurement and Verification (M&V) Protocol #1
provides the simplest reliable approach to determination of energy savings when operating the electric
distribution system at a lower voltage and within the lower band of the ANSI Standard voltage range.
The Protocol is applied to single voltage control zones (VCZ) of utility and industrial primary electrical
systems serving any combination of residential, commercial, and industrial load, operated radially with
primary voltage class 12.47kVLL or greater.
Voltage control is provided by source voltage regulators or transformer LTCs. The VCZ lowest voltage is
generally found at the end-of-line located within the VCZ. The system may include switched shunt
capacitors to control var flow, but is not directly used to control voltage. The VCZ may have feeders
extending from a single source voltage regulator. Techniques used in lowering voltage can include: fixed
voltage reduction at source, line drop compensation applications at source, or automated voltage
feedback control systems with end-of-line voltage sensing. The measurement and verification of energy
savings from lowering the operating average voltage is performed in eight sequential steps.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Gather historical VCZ data,
Perform VCZ load flow assessments
Select 90 day verification period
Estimate preliminary energy savings
Install VCZ improvements, meters, and voltage controls
Collect field measurements from Pre-CVR and Post-CVR operation
Determine verified energy savings
Collect annual operation data for verification of persistence
This protocol specifies minimum acceptable data collection requirements and the method by which
these data are to be used in computing savings. The protocol describes two methods to determine
energy savings: Primary Protocol Method and Alternate Protocol Method. The Alternate Protocol
Method is assumed the same as the Primary except where noted.
2 Sunset Criteria
This protocol is approved for use until December 31, 2017 at which time it shall be reviewed for
continued approval by the RTF.
3 Definition of Key Terms
Automated CVR System: Automated CVR (ACVR) systems are also known as Volt/VAR Optimization
(VVO) systems, Integrated Volt/VAR Control (IVVC) systems and by other names and acronyms when
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
they are being operated in a CVR mode. They key feature is that they be considered a “smart grid”
Distribution Automation (DA) application.
Baseline: Each Voltage Control Zone (VCZ) acts as its own baseline in the protocol without improved
voltage control (e.g. CVR mode off days) during the protocol testing period. The baseline must meet all
applicable ANSI and IEEE Standards for operation of electrical systems and meet recommended
performance guidelines (e.g., minimum end-of-line primary voltage, power factor, load imbalance, etc.)
Conservation Voltage Regulation/Reduction (CVR): CVR is the operating practice of controlling
distribution feeder voltage so that utilization devices operate at their peak efficiency, which is usually at
a level near the lower bounds of their utilization and/or nameplate voltages.
Conservation Voltage Regulation/Reduction Factor (CVRf): CVRf is the ratio of per unit (or %) energy
saved to per unit (or %) average voltage reduced. The CVRf refers to a period of one year of energy
savings and average voltage reduction. The CVRf represents the average slope on the utilization device’s
efficiency curve between the current voltage and the new proposed regulated voltage. For example, a
CVRf of 1.00 would essentially indicate a 1% reduction in energy usage for every 1% reduction in voltage.
Voltage Control Zone (VCZ): The voltage control zone is any segment of a utility or industrial feeder and
it’s laterals from its initiation typically at the substation with source voltage control by either regulators,
or transformer LTC. The VCZ is operated radially with the lowest voltage point typically at or near the
end-of-line of one of the VCZ feeders or laterals.
Project: The CVR project is one that includes voltage reduction techniques to lower the average annual
voltage on a utility’s distribution feeder or feeders feeding residential, commercial and industrial
customers/loads.
Post Period Re-Verification: The re-verification of CVRfs , average voltage change, and energy savings is
performed when significant changes have occurred to either the feeder load, voltage control operation,
load characteristics, or the physical configuration of the voltage control zone.
Commissioning: The called project commissioning is the process of testing and verifying system
compliance with applicable standards and performance guidelines required to ensure that the new and
improved voltage control system is functioning properly.
4 Eligible Projects
Eligible projects include all installations or implementations of CVR systems (local control and
automated feedback systems) on utility substations or feeders where these systems can be turned on
and off on a daily basis and have the voltage set-points changed on a daily basis. The project has the
ability to measure and record hourly average source and end-of-line voltages, ambient temperatures,
kW, and kvar loads on each feeder in the voltage control zone. Measurements can be made using
devices such as multifunction meters, recloser controls, solid state relays, SCADA RTUs, or equivalent
data measurement systems. Average interval data is collected and stored one hour interval or less.
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
5 Required Knowledge and Skills of Practitioner
The practitioner who has lead responsibility for applying this protocol to an automated CVR system must
have a full understanding of the following:

Appropriate knowledge of the application of voltage control systems used with distribution systems.

Appropriate knowledge of the use of engineering time series analysis in a Microsoft Excel workbook

Appropriate knowledge to collect data, develop distribution system models, and run distribution
feeder load flow models (i.e., Cyne, SynerGee, FeederALL, ETap, or Milsoft).

Appropriate knowledge of distribution feeder and substation operations

Understand the requirements and procedures of this protocol
For the Alternate Protocol Method, the practitioner must have additional understanding of:

Appropriate knowledge of the use of statistical procedures used to analyze non-Gaussian data

a MatLab® M-Code environment

Inspect and interpret raw feeder energy and voltage data
6 Data Collection Requirements
6.1 TEMPERATURE DATA
Correct temperature data is essential to the accurate use of this verification method. The hourly
ambient average temperature at the voltage control zone source (typically at the substation) is to be
measured and recorded. Because the substation is usually at the geographic center of the area served,
this temperature will usually suffice. However, if significant microclimates are known to exist,
temperature monitoring and recording may also be required at the feeder end-of-line locations, so that
an average temperature for the voltage control zone may be obtained.
6.2 M&V FIELD METERING DATA
The M&V field metering data recording periods should be no greater than one hour. Weather data
should be collected on the same time period as the load data. Data collected is to be collected and
stored and is subject to audit.
During the verification measurement period, collect metering data and then load data to an Excel
spreadsheet for data clean up and processing. The data collected during the verification measurement
period includes ambient hourly temperature measurements (at VCZ source), hourly voltage at source,
end-of-line voltage (lowest), and hourly load at source. Time stamp all hourly data measurements and
mark with identifier to represent “CVR on” or “CVR off” periods.
The VCZ data to be measured includes the following where i refers to hourly read numbers:
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1






Source hourly average kWi
Source Amps by Phase at peak kva Amp1,2,3
Source hourly average kvari
Source hourly average VSource-i
Source hourly average Tempi
End-of-Line hourly average hourly average voltage VEOL1-i , VEOL2-i, VEOL3-i
Once data is collected, perform the necessary clean up and filtering of kW and V data to identify and
remove data outliers, missing data, errors, switching, partial time stamp data, abnormal switching, and
weather anomalies from the data pool. Provide time plots of data to enhance data cleaning process. The
result should be of at least 90 days of representative data. It may be helpful to select a metering period
longer than 90 days to allow for some data removal.
6.3 INSTRUMENTATION ACCURACY
Data collection can be achieved using multifunction meters, recloser controls, regulator controls, SCADA
RTUs, solid state relays, or equivalent data collection and storage systems which meet or exceed all
applicable IEEE and ANSI metering standards. The resultant secondary metering accuracy including
current transformers, potential transformer and other burdens is to be capable of at least ±0.6% for kW
sensing, ±1.2% for kvar sensing, ±0.1% for voltage sensing on 120 V base.
6.4 SHOP CALIBRATION AND FIELD VERIFICATION
Instruments and meters should be shop calibrated by a third party certified metering specialist. Field
verification and inspections are required to verify correct installation and correct readings.
7 Post-Period Re-verification Triggers
Once per year for the three years following the improved CVR installation, a persistence verification
review will be conducted. Document any system changes that may impact annual savings or
significantly change the operation parameters. Do not include impacts from abnormal operation
conditions. Temperature correct annual emerge delivered and peak demands if necessary before
calculating annual average primary voltage.
The variables to be document are annual:
 Source maximum, minimum, and average kW and kvar, (weather adjusted)
 Maximum, minimum, and average VSource
 Maximum, minimum, and average VEOL
 Total Energy kWh delivered (weather adjusted)
*
 Calculated average primary voltage V (weather adjusted)
If there is more than a 15% change for annual average primary voltage, annual total energy kWh
delivered, annual minimum or maximum voltages, or annual kW and kvar demands, re-verification will
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
be required consisting of a 90 day measurement period. There-verification is to follow the same M&V
protocol requirements as performed originally.
8 Pre-CVR (Baseline) and Post-CVR Descriptions
and Performance
The baseline voltage levels are established by the historical voltage control operations with regulator or
LTC control settings. One or more years of historical regulator or LTC setting information should be
made part of the verification data records. The baseline must meet all applicable ANSI and IEEE
Standards for operation of electrical systems and meet recommended performance guidelines (e.g.,
minimum end-of-line primary voltage, maximum primary voltage, and phase imbalance and power
factor). In some cases, it may be necessary to add improvements to the existing system in order to
comply with applicable standards and performance guidelines.
8.1 PRIMARY METHOD
8.1.1
GATHER HISTORICAL VCZ DATA
Historical distribution VCZ data is collected prior to the verification measurement period for each VCZ
and includes: 8760 hourly load shape (LoadShapekWi), previous annual energy delivered
(TotalEnergyANNUAL) corrected or adjusted to best represent the predicted energy delivered, annual load
factor (LDFANNUAL), annual hourly peak load (kWPEAK), reactive kvar load data, voltage kV class (kVLL),
customer classification mix % (Res, Com, Ind), estimate % of electric space heat load (kWhVCZ-ElecHeat) and
% of space AC load (kWhVCZ-AC) of total annual energy. Identify the voltage base used for all
measurements (i.e. 120V). Describe the VCZ electrical configurations, modeling, and operation practices.
The VCZ voltage regulation control settings at the source for Pre-CVR (Baseline) conditions include:
voltage set point (VsetPre), voltage control regulation settings (i.e., R &X), and regulation control CT
rating and PT ratio. Identify the VCZ highest allowed primary voltage VMAX and the lowest allowed
primary voltage (usually at end-of-line) VMIN. Allowed voltage limits must comply with ANSI C84.1
Voltage Standard Guidelines. It is suggested that the VCZ design and operation should comply with the
IEEE 141-1986 Standard “Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants”.
For example, if the maximum allowed secondary system voltage drop (Vdrop-SEC) is 4V on a 120V base,
and the minimum allowed ANSI voltage is 114V at the service entrance with regulated voltage
bandwidth BW is 2V, then the minimum allowed primary voltage VMIN is 119V or 114V+½BW+Vdrop-SEC.
For utility and industrial facilities and plants, IEEE 141-1986 also recommends power factor, BW, (VdropPRI), (Vdrop-SEC), flicker, and max and min secondary service voltage limitations.
8.1.2
PERFORM VCZ LOAD FLOW ASSESSMENTS
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
The selected VCZ is modeled for the Pre-CVR (Baseline) and the proposed Post-CVR system using
accepted industry distribution modeling software for primary conductors, phase configurations, source
voltage regulation controls, and peak load allocation for kW and kvar. The primary voltage control is
accomplished by first maintaining var flow to desired limits, and second, apply voltage control with
regulator/LTC tap changes. The primary switching of capacitors shall be by var control. Other capacitor
switching methods (i.e. time, voltage, kVA) can be applied as backup for emergency use. Voltage
controlled capacitors may cause excessive leading or lagging var flow on the system and cause the VCZ
voltage drop profiles to become excessively non-uniform and increase line loss.
8.1.2.1 Load Flow Simulation and System Performance Assessments
Using load flow simulation, perform an Existing Case assessment of VCZ real and reactive power flows
and feeder voltages. Estimate maximum and minimum power factors, phase imbalance, maximum
voltage drops, maximum primary voltage, and end-of-line lowest voltage.
Identify VCZ minimum performance guideline violations. Identify VCZ improvements (phase balancing,
phase upgrades, reconductoring, enhanced var management, and regulator additions) necessary to
maintain VCZ Pre-CVR (Baseline) operation within the recommended performance guidelines. Any
exception shall be noted and justified. The Pre-CVR (Baseline) and the proposed Post-CVR system
implementation system must comply with the following recommended performance guidelines:
At peak kW loading conditions, the maximum phase load imbalance < 20%.
At peak kW loading conditions, the minimum hourly power factor >95%
At peak kVA loading conditions, the minimum hourly power factor > 95%
At peak kW loading conditions, the minimum end-of-line primary voltage > VMIN
At peak kW loading conditions, the minimum end-of-line primary voltage < VMAX
At min kW loading conditions, the maximum phase load imbalance < 20%.
At min kW loading conditions, the minimum hourly power factor >95%
At min kVA loading conditions, the minimum hourly power factor > 95%
At min kW loading conditions, the minimum end-of-line primary voltage > VMIN
At min kW loading conditions, the minimum end-of-line primary voltage < VMAX
8.1.2.2 Voltage Operation Parameters for Pre-CVR and Post-CVR
Assuming VCZ improvements are installed and the VCZ complies with minimum performance guidelines,
use the load flow model to determine voltage operation parameters for the Pre-CVR (Baseline) and
proposed Post-CVR conditions. The Pre-CVR (Baseline) voltage operation parameters obtained from load
flow results include: voltage set point (VsetPre), maximum annual source voltage rise (VrisePre) above set
point, maximum annual feeder voltage drop (VdropPre) from source to end-of-line (lowest voltage). The
proposed Post-CVR parameters obtained from load flow results are (VsetPost), (VrisePost), and (VdropPost).
All voltage values are given in Volts on 120 Volt base.
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
The CVR Standard M&V Protocol documentation of the Pre-CVR (Baseline) and proposed Post-CVR
systems including enhancements and improvements proposed. The proposed Post-CVR system must
also comply with recommended performance guidelines.
8.1.3
APPLICATION SPECIFICATIONS FOR METERS
Once the preliminary energy savings potential estimate is performed (See Section 9.1.2), the VCZ
improvements (meters, regulators, capacitors, phase balancing, reconductoring, etc.) can be installed.
The following set of metering requirements for source and end-of-line requirements applies to the
voltage control zone application. The locations of metering and measured quantities are as follows:
8.1.3.1 VCZ source metering
Location: At VCZ source locations.
Measurements: Average hourly kWi (total for three phases), average hourly kvari (total for three
phases), average hourly temperature Tempi (Degrees F), and average hourly voltage VSource-i (V) for each
phase. If data is collected for less than one hour, measurements must be converted to hourly values
(average of collection periods). Meters are collecting data on the primary of the VCZ. Data can be
collected from SCADA systems, protection relays, line recloser data storage, line regulators data storage,
or multi-function meters.
8.1.3.2
VCZ lowest voltage location metering (typically at end-of-line)
Location: At three lowest primary VCZ voltage locations. The locations must be configured on different
segments of the VCZ (e.g., feeders and located on adjacent laterals) and not clustered together in the
same location. Locations of the lowest voltage points are identified by the load flow assessment. If the
VCZ incorporates automated voltage feedback control methods, the three meter locations must be
located at the same place as the feedback voltage sensors.
Measurements: Hourly average voltage VEOL1-i , VEOL2-i, VEOL3-i . If multiple phases exist at the meter
location, the data collected is the average of the multiple phases. Meters are collecting data on the
primary of the VCZ. Data can be collected from SCADA systems, protection relays, line recloser data
storage, line regulators data storage, or multi-function meters.
8.2 ALTERNATE METHOD
Need description here
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
9 Energy Savings Calculation Method (Estimate
and Verification)
9.1 PRIMARY METHOD
The primary method of verifying energy savings is to operate the system in such a way as to operate at
different voltage levels on alternating days. The measurement and verification period would last three
months (90 days) with previous annual hourly load shape used to correlate data that is corrected for
temperature and/or other feeder or load characteristics, whichever drives load variance on the feeder.
9.1.1
SELECTION OF 90 DAY VERIFICATION PERIOD
Select a 90 day period to measure operation data. The data measurements are collected for three
months of CVR ‘on/off’ periods of one day for each. The time selected for the cut-over should be a
minimum load (e.g. 2:00AM). The verification period does not need to be consecutive; however, each
measurement segment must be at least 30 days in duration. A longer measurement period may be
necessary to adequately capture all of the VCR operational and load characteristics.
The selection of set of months (90 days) for the measurement period must include a variety of VCZ load
magnitudes, hourly temperatures, and load operating characteristics. If large loads are operated only a
few months out of the year (e.g. seasonal food processing plants), then the measurement period should
capture these loads. If there are few customers (i.e., less than 200) and/or customers with widely
different load characteristics (i.e. residential service and intermittent industrial loads), the period 30-day
measurements should be separated in order to capture all of the load max and min patterns. In any
case, the measurement period should be selected to capture the load shape mean magnitude.
If the VCZ load shape has a diurnal shape (two peaks per year), the measurement months should be
selected in such a way as to include both heavy loaded periods. If the load shape is influenced by
ambient temperature, the measurement months should capture both warm and cool temperatures.
Capture of extreme peak conditions is not necessary. For example, a period might be chosen for Feb
through May will capture both cold and warm weather conditions, but not peak conditions, and
relatively high and low load levels with differing HVAC applications. Provide justification for
measurement periods selected.
9.1.2
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF SAVINGS
9.1.2.1 General Estimating Formulation
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
The preliminary estimate of VCZ annual energy savings is determined by using historical data, load flow
simulations, and an estimated annual CVR factor selected by load type. The total annual estimated
energy saved is EnergySavedANNUAL-Estimated , which is the product of three variables, annual average
voltage change  VANNUAL-Estimated , estimated CVR factor CVRFACTOR-Estimated , and historical annual energy
TotalEnergyANNUAL. The preliminary estimate of annual energy saved is calculated using the following
formulations.
EnergySavedANNUAL-Estimated VANNUAL-Estimated CVRFACTOR-EstimatedTotalEnergyANNUAL Eq.1
9.1.2.2 Determine Total Energy ANNUAL
TotalEnergyANNUAL is the historical annual energy (kWh) delivered at the VCZ source.
Or,
8760
TotalEnergyANNUAL    LoadShapekWi 
Eq.2
i 1
Or,
TotalEnergyANNUAL 
kWPEAK
 8760h
LDFANNUAL
Eq.3
9.1.2.3 Determine CVR FACTOR-Estimated
For purposes of estimating the preliminary annual energy saved for the selected VCZ, an estimated CVR
factor is selected from Table 1 “Annual CVR Factor Estimate”. The estimated factor is determined
assuming historical VCZ known load characteristics. These CVR factors are derived from the Simplified
VO Factor Tables and provide an approximate factor for use in estimating likely potential savings. If
annual CVR factors similar to the VCZ load environment are known, they can be used instead of Table 1
data.
Table 1 – Annual CVR Factor Estimate
%Air Conditioning of Annual Load
%Electric Space
Heat of Annual
Load
<20%
20% - 40%
40% - 60%
60% - 80%
>80%
<20%
20% - 40%
0.800
0.675
0.825
0.700
0.850
0.725
0.875
0.750
0.900
0.775
40% - 60%
0.550
0.575
0.600
0.625
0.650
60% - 80%
0.425
0.450
0.475
0.500
0.525
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
>80%
0.300
0.325
0.35
0.375
0.400
9.1.2.4 Determine ΔV ANNUAL-Estimate
The term ΔVANNUAL-Estimate used in the above equation Eq.1 is the estimated annual per-unit change in
*
average VCZ primary voltage. The ΔV value is the difference between the average Pre-CVR VPre and the
*
*
average Post-CVR voltage VPost divided by the Pre-CVR average voltage VPre . See Eq.4. These average
*
*
voltages VPre and VPost are determined from load flow assessments for Pre-CVR conditions and Post-CVR
*
conditions. These V voltages are calculated assuming that all proposed VCZ improvements are
installed (phase balancing, added phases, var improvements, reconductoring, regulator installations,
*
etc.) The V parameter is determined from existing or baseline and proposed Vrise, Vset, and Vdrop
parameters. Vdrop is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the feeder system and proportional to
the kWi loading. Vrise is also proportional to the kWi loading. Note: a modified formulation can be
derived for ΔVANNUAL-Estimate if the voltage is not uniformly distributed across the feeder system by
calculating ΔV for each section of the VCZ and taking a weighted average based on the division of kWPEAK
load severed for each VCZ section.
*
*
VPre

VPost
VANNUAL-Estimate 
*
VPre

Eq.4
Where,
VdropPre
)
2
VdropPost
 LDFANNUAL  (VrisePost 
)
2
*
VPre
 VsetPre  LDFANNUAL  (VrisePre 
Estimated
Eq.5
*
VPost
 VsetPost
Estimated
Eq.6
Vset
LDF
Vrise
Vdrop
= regulator source base voltage setting (V)
= annual load factor (pu)
= annual peak voltage rise at regulator source (V)
= annual max voltage drop (V) from source to min end-of-line voltage
9.1.2.5 Preliminary Estimated Energy Savings
As shown in Eq. 1, the preliminary estimated energy savings is given as:
EnergySavedANNUAL-Estimated VANNUAL-Estimated CVRFACTOR-EstimatedTotalEnergyANNUAL
9.1.3
DETERMINATION OF VERIFIED SAVINGS
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CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
9.1.3.1 General Linear Regression Formulation
Once VCZ measurement data is collected, cleaned up, and filtered for the three month period, a multivariable linear regression analysis is performed on the data. The approach is straightforward and can be
accomplished using an Excel Application. The identified four independent variables to be used in the
regression analysis are: Hourly_ kW, Hourly HDD_65i, Hourly CDD_65i, and Hourly Average Voltage_Vi.
The coefficient β parameters are solved using a linear regression analysis of these variables. The
relationship between β coefficients and measured variables is given by Eq.7. The results of the
regression analysis will solve for the regression coefficients β0, β1, β2, and β3.
Log Hourly_ kWi   0  1Hourly HDD_65i   2 Hourly CDD_65i 
 3 LogHourly Average Voltage_ Vi 
Eq.7
The independent variables used in the regression analysis are derived from the field measurements by
the following:
Table 2. Predictor Variable Definitions
Regression Variable
Field Measurement Variable
Hourly_ kWi
kWi
Hourly HDD _65i
IF (Tempi < 65OF, 65 - Tempi, 0)
Hourly CDD _65i
IF (Tempi > 65OF, - Tempi - 65, 0)
Hourly Average Voltage _ Vi
VSource i  MIN VEOL1i , VEOL2 i , VEOL3 i 
2
9.1.3.2 Verified annual CVR factor determination
The verification measurements determine the verified annual CVR factor for use in determining the
verified annual energy savings potential. The regression coefficient β3 is the CVR factor for the
measurement period. It is representative of the annual CVR factor, if the measurement period is chosen
to reasonably represent the entire annual load profile (8760 hours). The annual CVR Factor is then
defined as the finite ratio given by the following equation for a predicted period of 8760 hours as:
CVRFACTOR   3 
Revised 1-24-2012
E
V
Eq.8
11
CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
9.1.3.3 Verified annual change in average voltage ΔV determination
The annual per-unit change in average voltage ΔV is calculated as the difference between annual
average Pre-CVR and Post-CVR voltage conditions shown in Eq9. The annual average voltages are
*
*
*
*
calculated as VPre in Eq10 and VPost in Eq11. The variables of VPre and VPost are determined from
historical data and measured data. The overall annual per-unit change is given as:
*
*
VPre

VPost
VANNUAL-Verified 
*
VPre

Eq.9
9.1.3.3.1 Calculation of average annual Pre-CVR voltage
9.1.3.3.1.1 Determine Pre-CVR (Baseline) parameters C, D, E, F for a VCZ
CPRE = Source regulated Pre-CVR set voltage point Vset Pre
D = Maximum annual 3φ peak hourly demand kWPEAK
E = Total annual energy delivered TotalEnergyANNUAL
F = Annual Load Factor LDFANNUAL
9.1.3.3.1.2 Determine Pre-CVR “A” &” B” for measurement period
(Pre-CVR measurements are shown as variables identified as Pre-i )
APRE
= Maximum Annual Voltage Drop in Volts at peak load
=[AVERAGE VSource  Pr e i  MIN VEOL1 Pr e i , VEOL2 Pr e i , VEOL3 Pr e i    [
BPRE
D
]
AVERAGE(kWPr e i )
= Regulator Maximum Annual Volt Rise in Volts at peak load
=[AVERAGE VSource Pr ei  CPr e  [
D
]
AVERAGE(kWPr ei )
Compare the actual results of A and B with VdropPre and VrisePre with estimated values obtained from
load flow results. If significantly different, review system assumptions.
9.1.3.3.1.3 The Pre-CVR average annual primary voltage
Revised 1-24-2012
12
CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
*
VPre
A 

 CPRE  F   BPRE  PRE 
2 

Eq.10
9.1.3.3.2 Calculation of average annual Post-CVR voltage
9.1.3.3.2.1 Determine Post-CVR parameters C, D, E, F for a VCZ
CPOST = Source regulated Post-CVR set voltage point VSET-Post
D = Maximum annual 3φ peak hourly demand kWPEAK
E = Total annual energy delivered TotalEnergyANNUAL
F = Annual Load Factor LDFANNUAL
9.1.3.3.2.2 Determine Post-VO “A” &” B” for measurement period
(Post-CVR measurements are shown as variables identified as Post-i )
APOST
= Maximum Annual Voltage Drop in Volts at peak load
=[AVERAGE VSource  Post i  MIN VEOL1 Post i , VEOL2 P ost i , VEOL3 Posti   [
BPOST
D
]
AVERAGE(kWPost i )
= Regulator Maximum Annual Volt Rise in Volts at peak load
=[AVERAGEVSourcePost i  CPost  [
D
]
AVERAGE(kWPost i )
Compare the actual results of A and B with Vdrop Post and VrisePost with estimated values obtained
from Load flow results. If significantly different, review system assumptions.
9.1.3.3.2.3 VCZ-Post average annual primary voltage
A


*
VPost
 CPOST  F   BPOST  POST 
2 

Revised 1-24-2012
Eq.11
13
CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
9.1.3.4 Verified annual energy savings
The verified annual energy savings EnergySavedANNUAL as a result of improved voltage regulation is
given by:
EnergySavedANNUAL VANNUAL-VerifiedCVRFACTOR-VerifiedTotalEnergyANNUAL
9.1.4
Eq.12
COMMISSIONING PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION
The data collection of the Post-CVR system is used to test and verify that the system is in compliance
with applicable standards and performance guidelines required to ensure that the new and improved
voltage control system is functioning properly. All performance guidelines must be met.
9.2 ALTERNATIVE METHOD
An alternative method is to conduct the measurement and verification without historical baseline data.
Need overview description here
9.2.1
SELECTION OF VERIFICATION PERIOD
Need description here
9.2.2
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF SAVINGS
Need description here – [Wyatt Pierce proposes modeling to be allowed]
9.2.3
DETERMINATION OF VERIFIED SAVINGS
Need description here
The program savings are estimated by using the following definition:
Esaved = Eused [(CVRf*Vr%/(1-CVRf*Vr%)]
In which:
Esaved = Energy Conserved for period in kWh, MWh or GWh
Eused = Measured Energy used for period in kWh, MWh or GWhCVRf = Period conservation
voltage reduction factor as computed using time series analysis and robust statistical methods
with temperature compensation for specific seasons. CVRf will be different for weekday and
weekend. (See estimation method below.)
Vr = Average period end of line voltage reduction
Revised 1-24-2012
14
CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
Vr% = Average period end of line voltage reduction in percent (need system shape to determine
percent) (calculate the end of line voltage against a 120 volt base)
Voc = measured average end of line voltage with automated CVR non operational
Vcvr = measured average end of line voltage with automated CVR operational
Vr = Voc – Vcvr
Vr% = Vr/Voc * 100
9.2.3.1 CVRf Estimation (applies to the performance evaluation period)
Integrated demand profiles, one each for the automated CVR system active and inactive, are
estimated on a common ambient temperature basis using the method (“Estimation of Automated
CVR System Performance Using Observed Energy Demand Load Profiles”); the 24-hour sum of the
difference between these profiles is the estimated conserved energy for the evaluation. The mean
difference of the end of circuit voltages for the automated CVR system active and inactive is
estimated. The CVRf is then determined from the ratio of these two quantities, and can be
expressed on an absolute or per unit basis (the per unit basis is recommended).
Recognizing (1) the stochastic nature of the energy observations as discussed in the UtiliData CVR
Estimation Method, (2) the requirement to evaluate the performance of candidate automated CVR
systems using the smallest (least duration) set of energy observations, and (3) that the probability
densities of the relevant observations clearly exhibit non-homogeneous variance and are also clearly
not Gaussian processes, the required estimations should be carried out using robust statistical
procedures. Specifically, the Minimum Covariance Determinant estimators should be applied,
because (1) their breakdown point is high and (2) they do not require that the observations exhibit a
symmetrical probability density.
9.2.3.2 Automated CVR Performance Forecasting
The CVR Estimation Method referenced above, estimates CVR using the observations of the
automated CVR system inactive state as a reference. In principle, forecasting for a given circuit then
simply requires a base demand profile, a projected end of circuit voltage reduction, and the
estimation results from the evaluation period.
10 RTF Calculator Model
10.1
PRIMARY METHOD
Historical data, meter data parameter identifications, Pre-CVR (Baseline) and Post-CVR load flow
parameters and field measurements are inputted to the Regional Technical Forum (RTF) calculator
Revised 1-24-2012
15
CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
model. The calculator performs the necessary VCZ system performance assessments, regression
analysis, and reporting. The Calculator Model calculates the preliminary estimated energy savings and
verified energy savings along with the VCZ annual CVR factor and average annual voltage change. The
RTF regression model includes compensation for temperature. There are a number of additional factors
that affect energy use and could be added to the model. Addition of these factors may tend to improve
the predictive accuracy and reduce “outlier” data points. Factors that may be considered for inclusion in
the model in the future will include daylight and dark hours, solar intensity, day of week, humidity, etc.
Adding any or all of these to the model regression formulation shown in Eq 7, should not change the
basic measurement and verification protocol to determine the CVR factor, average change in voltage
and annual energy saved.
10.1.1
CALCULATOR SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY FOR EACH
VOLTAGE CONTROL ZONE

Description of existing system, VCZ configuration, customer load types, customer class mix, and
existing voltage operations

Description of Pre-CVR (Baseline) including proposed modifications

Description of proposed Post-CVR system included proposed improvements

VCZ primary voltage class in kVLL

Voltage Base for metered data (i.e. 120V)

VCZ Previous Annual historical annual energy delivered kWh

VCZ annual energy load characteristics
o % of VCZ load that is electric heat kWh
o % of VCZ load that is AC load kWh

VCZ voltage control settings (Existing)
o Set point voltage (V)
o CT rating
o PT ratio
o LDC settings %R and %X
o Regulation bandwidth in Volts
o Minimum allowed primary Volts
o Maximum allowed primary Volts

Load flow simulation results
o Vrise for Pre-CVR (Baseline) conditions (Volts)
o Vset for Pre-CVR (Baseline) conditions (Volts)
o Vdrop for Pre-CVR (Baseline) conditions (Volts)
o Vrise for Post-CVR (Baseline) conditions (Volts)
o Vset for Post-CVR (Baseline) conditions (Volts)
Revised 1-24-2012
16
CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
o
Vdrop for Post-CVR (Baseline) conditions (Volts)

VCZ voltage control settings Pre-CVR (Baseline)
o Set point voltage (V)
o CT rating
o PT ratio
o LDC settings %R and %X
o Regulation bandwidth in Volts

VCZ voltage control settings proposed Post-CVR
o Set point voltage (V)
o CT rating
o PT ratio
o LDC settings %R and %X
o Regulation bandwidth in Volts

Previous Annual historical hourly data
o Estimated or metered kW and kvar 8,760 hour load shapes at the VCZ source
o Estimated or metered peak kW and kvar load for the VCZ

Previous phase Amps at peak load for each feeder if applicable

Input average hourly M&V reads for 90 days for Pre-CVR (Baseline) and Post-CVR
o KiloWatts and KiloVars at VCZ source (marked CVR on CVR Off)
o Temperature in degree F at VCZ source (marked CVR on CVR Off)
o Volts at the VCZ source (marked as CVR on CVR Off)
o Volts at three lowest voltage sites on VCZ primary laterals (marked as CVR on CVR Off)
o Phase Amps at peak load for each feeder if applicable
10.1.2
CALCULATION (SUMMARY)
All calculations are described for the Primary Method by the CVR Standard M&V Protocol #1. The
order of calculations is as follows:

Adjust 8,760 data using the estimated or metered peak kW to create a representative predictive
annual load shape

Using the historical data and load flow simulation results, calculate the estimated change in
voltage, select an estimated CVR factor, and estimate annual change in energy (energy savings)

With hourly voltage data from M&V measurements, determine the B coefficients Pre-CVR
(Baseline) and Post-CVR “on” and “off” data.

Determine the annual CVR factor from B3

Calculate the average change in primary voltage for the 90 days

Calculate the average annual change in primary voltage for the 90 days

Calculate the annual average change in energy saved
Revised 1-24-2012
17
CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1

Verify system compliance with minimum performance guidelines

Determine annual persistence VCZ parameters for ongoing comparison
o Source max min, and average kW and kvar
o Max, min, and average source voltage
o Max, min, and average end-of-line voltage
o Annual total energy kWh delivered
o Estimate of annual average primary voltage.
10.2
ALTERNATIVE METHOD
Need more description here
11 Control Group:
No control group is required because with on-off and variable voltage set point capability, the
application group can act as its own control group or baseline during testing periods.
12 Relationship to Other Protocols and Guidelines
The Protocol follows Option D as described in “Measurement & Verification for Federal Energy Projects”,
Version 2.2, and “International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP)”, Volume I,
March 2002. Option D is utilized because the CVR Standard M&V Protocol is applied to a single whole
facility (substation, feeder, industrial plant) with many subparts requiring a totalized comprehensive
approach where the energy savings will be less than 10 percent. Option D allows for a minimum of
metered data points, and includes some simulation modeling, calculations, and historical data estimates
to determine energy saved for the chosen facility or system.

International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol, Concepts and Options for
Determining Energy and Water Saving, Volume 1, Revised March 2002. DOE/GO-102002-1554. This
protocol is consistent with Options C - and D of that document.

M&V Guidelines: Measurement and Verification for Federal Energy Projects Version 3.0, U.S.
Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program. This protocol is consistent with
Option C.

RTF Simplified VO M & V Protocol
13 Recommended Models and Tools:
13.1
Primary Method Models and Tools
Revised 1-24-2012
18
CVR STANDARD M&V PROTOCOL #1
Using historical data, Load Flow models are used to simulate the Pre-CVR (Baseline) and Post-CVR
conditions in the primary method. Example software used in utility feeder load flow simulation models
include Cyne, SynerGEE, MilSoft, E-Tap and FeederALL). Microsoft Excel can be used for data handling,
load flow input data prepressing, system analysis, meter error checking and data cleanup.
Savings estimate and verified calculations for the primary protocol method are done using the Regional
Technical Forum calculator approved for this protocol.
13.2
Alternative Method Models and Tools
UtiliData® Automated CVR Estimation Method Tools
MatLab® (©1994-2003 by the MathWorks, Inc.) tools are available from PCS UtiliData to use with this
protocol.
Need more description here
14 References:
a. ANSI C84.1 Voltage Standard Guidelines
b. IEEE 141-1986 Standard “Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial
Plants”
c. Rousseeuw, P J, Leroy AM, ‘Robust Regression and Outlier Detection’, Wiley 1987.
d. Rousseeuw, P J, 'Introduction to Positive Breakdown Methods', in Handbook of Statistics,
Volume 15: Robust Inference, editors G S Maddala and C R Rao, Elsevier 1997.
e. “Estimation of Automated CVR System Performance using Observed Energy Demand Profiles”,
David Bell, March 15, 2004. (available at
http://www.pcsutilidata.com/userfiles/file/CVR_Performance_Estimation_2004.pdf)
f.
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, DEI Study, December 2007
g.
Revised 1-24-2012
19