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Worksheet The Integumentary System 1. Label the diagram in the spaces provided. A. M. B. L C. K. J. D. I. E. H. G. F. A.______________________________ G. _________________________________ B.______________________________ H. _________________________________ C.______________________________ I. _________________________________ D.______________________________ J. _________________________________ E.______________________________ K. _________________________________ F._______________________________L.__________________________________ 2. Describe the types of glands in the skin. 3. What are the seven functions of the skin? 4. Name three substances found in perspiration. 5. What are the three abnormal colors used to describe the skin and what might be the cause of each type? 6. Describe six eruptions that occur in the skin and one cause of each type. 7. What happens in the skin when blood vessels dilate, and how does this regulate temperature? 8. What happens when blood vessels in the skin constrict, and how does this regulate temperature? 9. Describe eight diseases of the skin including the cause and treatment for each disease. 10. Define the parts of a hair and the purpose of hair. 11. Describe what nails are made of and what may happen if the nailbed is damaged. Worksheet The Integumentary System Answer Key Label the diagram in the spaces provided. A. Hair Shaft M. Sweat Pore B. Epidermis L. Nerve C. Dermis K. Hair follicle J. Sweat gland D. Subcutaneous I. Papilla of hair E. Sebaceous (oil) Gland H. Artery G. Vein F. Arrector pili muscle A.___ Hair Shaft ___________________ G. ______ Vein ______________________ B.___ Epidermis ___________________ H. _____ Artery _____________________ C.___ Dermis _____________________ I. _____ Papilla of hair ________________ D.___ Subcutaneous ________________ J. _____ Sweat gland___________________ E.___ Sebaceous (oil) Gland __________ K. ____ Hair follicle __________________ F.__ _ Arrector pili muscle ____________L._____ Nerve ______________________ M. _____. Sweat Pore_____________________ 12. Describe the types of glands in the skin. Sudoriferous gland- (Sweat gland)- coiled tubes that extend through the dermis and open on the surface of the skin at pores. Sebaceous gland ( Oil gland)- usually open into hair follicles; they produce sebum, an oil that keeps the skin and hair from becoming dry and brittle 13. What are the seven functions of the skin? a. Protection-serves as a barrier to the sun’s ultraviolet rays and the invasion of pathogens; also holds in moisture and prevents deep tissues from drying out. b. Sensory Perception- nerves in the skin help the body respond to pain pressure, temperature, and touch sensations. c. Body temperature regulation- blood vessels in the skin help the body retain or lose heat. d. Storage- the skin as tissues for temporary storage of fat, gluces, water, vitamins, and salts. e. Absorption- certain substances can be absorbed through the skin but this is limited f. Excretion- the skin helps the body eliminate salt , waste, and excess water through perspiration g. Production- the skin produces vitamin D by combining ultraviolet rays from the sun with skin compounds 14. Name three substances found in perspiration. Water, salts, and some body wastes 15. What are the three abnormal colors used to describe the skin, and what might be the cause of each type? Erythema- reddish color, can be caused by burns or a congestion of blood in the vessels Jaundice- yellowish color; can indicate bile in the blood as a result of lover or gallbladder disease and disease that involves destruction of red blood cells Cyanosis- bluish color of the skin caused by insufficient oxygen; can be associated with heart, lungs, or circulatory diseases 16. Describe six eruptions that occur in the skin and one cause of each type. a. Macules (macular rash)- flat spots on the skin such as freckles b. Papules (popular rash)- firm raised areas such as pimples and some stages of chicken pox and syphilis c. Vesicles (blisters)- fluid-filled sacs as in chicken pox d. Pustules- pus-filled sacs such as those seen on acne or pimples e. Crusts- areas of dried pus and blood, commonly called “scabs” f. Wheals- itchy elevated area with irregular shape such as hives or insect bites 17. What happens in the skin when blood vessels dilate, and how does this regulate temperature? When blood vessels dilate (get larger) excess heat from the blood can escape from the skin and temperature is reduced. 18. What happens when blood vessels in the skin constrict and how does this regulate temperature? When blood vessels constrict (get smaller), the heat is retained in the body and temperature is increased. 19. Describe eight diseases of the skin including the cause and treatment for each disease. a. Acne vulgaris- inflammation of the sebaceous glands; underlying causes include increased secretion of sebum due to hormonal changes in adolescence; symptoms include papules, pustules, and blackheads; treatment includes frequent, thorough cleansing of the skin, avoiding creams and heavy makeup, antibiotic or vitamin A ointment, oral antibiotics, and/or ultraviolet light treatment b. Athlete’s foot- a contagious fungus infection; symptoms include itching, blisters and cracks into open sores; treatment includes antifungal medication and keeping the area clean and dry c. Cancer of the skin- different forms include basal cell, squamous cell and malignant melanoma; frequently develops from a mole or nevus that changes in color, shape size, or texture; exposre to the sun, irritating chemicals or radiation are the usual causes; bleeding or itching of a mole can indicate cancer; treatment includes surgical removal of the cancer d. Dermatitis- iinflammation of the skin can be caused by many factors and frequently an allergic reaction to detergents, cosmetics, pollen, or certain foods; contact dermatitis is caused by contact with poison ivy, poison sumac, or poison oak; symptoms include dry skin, erythema, itching, edema, macular-papular rash, and scaling; treatment includes eliminating the cause, also anti-inflammatory ointments, antihistamines, and/or steroids e. Eczema- a noncontagious inflammatory skin disorder caused by an allergen or irritant; diet, cosmetics, soap medications, emotional stress can cause eczema; symptoms include erythema, edema, itching, vessels, crusts, and scaling; treatment includes removing the irritant and corticosteroids to reduce the inflammatory response f. Impetigo- highly contagious infection usually caused by streptococci or staphylococci organisms; symptoms include erythema, oozing vesicles, pustules, and the formation of yellow crusts; treatment includes washing the lesions with soap and water and kept dry; antibiotics both topical and oral are used g. Psoriasis- chromic, non-contagious inherited skin disorder; symptoms include thick, red areas covered with white or silver scales; treatment includes coal/tar or cortisone ointments, ultraviolet light, and/or scale removal; no cure h. Verrucae- or warts, caused by a viral infection; symptoms include rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface froms on the skin; some warts disappear spontaneously but others must be removed with electricity, liquid nitrogen, acid, or chemicals 20. Define the parts of a hair and the purpose of hair. Each hair consists of a root that grows in a hollow tube called a follicle and a hair shaft; Hair helps protect the body 21. Describe what nails are made of and what may happen if the nailbed is damaged. Nails are made of dead epithelial cells packed closely together to form a thick, dense surface; if the nailbed is damaged nails cannot be replaced