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Climate Chapter 13
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. One cause of ____ may be deforestation.
a. thunderstorms
c. clouds
b. global warming
d. precipitation
2. A major influence on climate is ____.
a. large bodies of water
c. ocean currents
b. large cities
d. all of the above
3. When gas, oil, and coal are burned, ____ is added to the atmosphere.
a. chlorofluorocarbon
c. hydrogen
b. carbon dioxide
d. oxygen
4. Moderate temperatures are characteristic of ____.
a. the polar zone
c. both a and b
b. the tropics
d. the temperate zones
5. Seasons are caused by differences in daylight, temperature, and weather patterns due to ____.
a. El Niño
b. global warming
c. the tilt of the Earth as it revolves around the Sun
d. all of the above
6. Earth can be cooled greatly by ____.
a. deforestation
c. the greenhouse effect
b. the burning of fossil fuels
d. volcanic eruptions
7. If there are 24 consecutive hours of darkness, then ____.
a. it is summer near a polar region
c. it is spring at the equator
b. it is winter near a polar region
d. it is a winter day in a temperate zone
8. During El Niño years, ____.
a. trade winds strengthen
b. ocean temperatures decrease off the coast of Peru
c. ocean temperatures increase off the coast of Peru
d. the jet stream is usually unaffected
9. Which of the following facts might be related to polar climates?
a. Solar energy hits these regions at a low angle.
b. Year-round temperatures are always hot.
c. These regions lie between latitudes 23° North and 23° South.
d. Temperatures in these zones are moderate.
10. El Niño is a climate event that starts in the ____ and sets off changes in the atmosphere.
a. tropical Atlantic Ocean
c. Arctic Ocean
b. tropical Pacific Ocean
d. Indian Ocean
11. A climate classification system divides regions according to ____.
a. temperature
c. the types of plants found there
b. the amount of precipitation
d. all of the above
12. Geological records indicate ____.
a. that Earth was flatter in the past
b. that there were no ice ages until 1 million years ago
c. nothing about the climate in the past
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d. at times in the past 2 million years, glaciers covered large parts of Earth
During El Niño, trade winds that blow east to west weaken and sometimes ____.
a. stop
c. speed up
b. reverse
d. rise
Changes in the shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun ____.
a. cause the seasons to change year after year
b. happen at regular intervals ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 years
c. may happen over a 100,000-year cycle
d. are caused by global warming
Climate is different from weather in that it ____.
a. changes more frequently
c. is more extreme
b. changes less frequently
d. gets more attention on television
A gas that increases the greenhouse effect is ____.
a. hydrogen
c. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide
d. none of the above
If there were no greenhouse effect, Earth's surface would ____.
a. be too hot for life to exist
c. be too cold for life to exist
b. be all water
d. not be affected
Earth's atmosphere is warmed by the greenhouse effect because heat radiated from Earth's surface is ____ by
gases in the atmosphere.
a. cooled
c. burned up
b. absorbed
d. none of the above
Figure 17-1
____ 19. As indicated in Figure 17-1, San Francisco is located at the same latitude as ____.
a. Wichita
c. Dallas
b. Minneapolis
d. none of the above
____ 20. According to Figure 17-1, the city with the coldest climate is ____.
a. Wichita
c. Dallas
b. Minneapolis
d. San Francisco
____ 21. Based on Figure 17-1, the city with the biggest range in average temperatures between January and July is
____.
a. San Francisco
c. Minneapolis
b. Dallas
d. Wichita
____ 22. Based on Figure 17-1, the city with the smallest change in average temperature between January and July is
____.
a. San Francisco
c. Minneapolis
b. Dallas
d. Wichita
____ 23. Based on Figure 17-1, the factor that strongly influences the climate of San Francisco is ____.
a. fog
c. the ocean west of the city
b. its elevation
d. the mountains east of the city
____ 24. As indicated in Figure 17-1, why does Minneapolis have an average temperature of –12°C in January?
a. The sun rarely shines in January.
b. At its latitude in January, it receives solar radiation from directly overhead.
c. At its latitude in January, it receives solar radiation at an angle away from the Sun.
d. The solar radiation concentrates in one small area in January.
____ 25. Based on Figure 17-1, which city receives the most solar radiation throughout the year?
a. Dallas
c. Wichita
b. San Francisco
d. Minneapolis
____ 26. Climate is the weather ____.
a. closer to the equator
b. at the poles
c. of a region averaged over a long period of time
d. changes from day to day
____ 27. The rays of the Sun strike Earth most directly ____.
a. at the equator
c. in the temperate zone
b. at the poles
d. over the oceans
____ 28. A behavioral adaptation in which animals undergo a period of greatly reduced activity in winter is ____.
a. clusters
c. burrows
b. hibernation
d. estivation
____ 29. Which receives the most solar radiation?
a. the tropics
c. the oceans
b. the polar zones
d. the temperate zones
____ 30. Climatologists use a classification system developed in 1918 by ____.
a. Köppen
c. Galileo
b. Einstein
d. Wegener
Completion
Complete each statement.
31. The ____________________ extend between 23°N and 23°S.
32. At the same latitude, the climate is ____________________ in the mountains than on flat land.
33. ____________________ are short periods of climatic changes caused by changes in the amount of solar
radiation an area receives.
34. A(n) ____________________ is any structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment.
35. Some mammals undergo a period of inactivity in summer called ____________________.
Figure 17-2
36. A(n) ____________________ is a land feature often found on the B side of the mountain in Figure 17-2.
37. In Figure 17-2, on the side of the mountain facing the wind, air rises, ____________________, and drops its
moisture as precipitation.
38. In Figure 17-2, on the side of the mountain away from the wind, air descends, ____________________, and
dries out the land.
39. The climate at the top of the mountain in Figure 17-2 is ____________________ than at the bottom.
40. The climate on side ____________________ of the mountain in Figure 17-2 is dry.
41. The climate on side ____________________ of the mountain in Figure 17-2 is wet.
42. Scientists ____________________ temperature, precipitation, air pressure, humidity, and days of sunshine to
determine an area's climate.
Short Answer
43. How does the changing angle of incoming sunlight explain why temperatures tend to become cooler as one
moves from the equator toward either pole?
44. What effect do large bodies of water have on climate?
45. How do some animals adapt behaviorally to a dry climate?
46. What is the relationship between global warming and alternative sources of energy such as solar energy?
47. What causes climatic change?
48. Compare and contrast the greenhouse effect and global warming.
49. What are three ways we can reduce carbon dioxide emissions?
50. How is the inside of a car on a sunny day related to the greenhouse effect?
Figure 17-3
51. In Figure 17-3, what area is receiving the most solar radiation?
52. As shown in Figure 17-3, what area experiences the least amount of temperature variation or change during a
year?
53. Based on Figure 17-3, what areas receive the least concentrated solar radiation?
54. In Figure 17-3, what season is it in the southern hemisphere?
55. According to Figure 17-3, what season is it in the northern hemisphere?
56. Using Figure 17-3, what specific area is receiving the least solar radiation?
57. As shown in Figure 17-3, what causes different areas of Earth to receive differing amounts of solar radiation?
58. When solar energy hits the south pole at a low angle, how is energy dispersed?
59. According to Figure 17-3, approximately how much daylight does the north pole receive each day?