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Buddhism By Katie Weitzman, Sarah White, and Suzi Birnbaum Where/How the religion originated Siddhartha Gautama was born in Lumbini. He saw so much suffering and wanted to learn how to get away from it. He lived in the forest with monks until he had reached Enlightment. He had then become Buddha, the "awakened/enlightened one". What he learned, and then preached around was what is known as Therevada. Buddhism originated in northern India, and diffused only slightly. It started in a region called "Magadha," then spread to India around 250 BCE, and became the first worldwide religion just a few years later. The first country it spread to after India was Sri Lanka. How the religion diffused Buddhism diffused from its hearth along the "Silk Road," a major trade route. It took 1-2 hundred years to diffuse beyond its home province. Subdivisons 1. Mahayana (Collection of Zen, Pure Land, and Tibetan Buddhism) 2. Therevada (popular in southern Asian countries. sometimes called Southern Buddhism) 3. Korean zen (Buddhism arrived in Korea in 4 CE. Zen arrived in 7 CE) 4. Nichiren (began in midieval Japan between 1222-1282) 5. Zen (mixture of Indian and Taoism buddhism. Began in China, spread to Korea and Japan.) 6. Pure Land (also known as buddha Recitation because one meditates/visualizes/orally recites Buddha's mind) How the diffusion of Buddhism changes in different places The two main types of Buddhism are Mahayana and Theravada. Mahayana believes in self power and an other power. One needs more self power to find the "other power" instead of the other way around, in order to reach, "rebirth in the Land of Ultimate Bliss through the power of Amitabha Buddha's Vows". Theravada believes in self power alone. Two Different Buddhas The Theravada Buddha believe in the "Historical Buddha" the actual, once living buddha. Historical Buddha is usually simple, with no jewelry or ornaments. They usually have long ears (all hearing), a bump on the head (all knowing), and another bump on the forehead (all seeing). Lastly, the positioning of the hands on the Buddha have symbolism. The Mahayana Buddha, is called Bodhisattva is the buddha in which people who are getting to the stage of Enlightment worship. They usually wear fancy ornaments or jewelry because they represent certain messages. The only characteristic they share with Historical Buddha is the long ears. Mahayana Buddha Therevada Buddha How the environment influenced Buddhism "(Buddha's) birth at Lumbini as his mother grasped the branch of a sal tree, his early experience of states of meditative absorption beneath the rose apple tree, his Enlightenment beneath the Bodhi-tree, and his Parinirvana (death) between twin sal trees." This shows the connection between Buddha's life and the environment. The cultural landscape In the 7th century Buddhism expanded in China, influencing Chinese art, literature, architecture, education and philosophy. In Korea, Buddhism spread around through art and peaked in the 10th century.Buddhism was practiced in historcal Korean monasteries.Translations of Buddha's words on wooden blocks are preserved to this day. Buddhism collapsed from 14-20 CE. Today's revival of Buddhism consists of education/missionary activities, universities, schools, youth groups, are translating the Chinese Buddhist texts into Korean. Buddhism traveled to Japan and many statues and temples were built in Buddha's honor. The government tried to get rid of Buddhism though it is still practiced today. How the interaction of Buddhism and other religions creates conflicts Sri Lanka: between Buddhists and Hindus Tamils (a mainly Hindu 18% minority) have been involved in a war for independence since 1983 with the rest of the Sinhalese Buddhist country (70% are Buddhist). Hundreds of thousands have been killed. The conflict took a sudden change for the better in 2002, when the Tamils dropped their demand for complete independence. The South Asian Tsunami in 2004 induced some cooperation. By 2009 the Tamil uprising was crushed. Thialand: between Buddhists and Muslims Muslim rebels have been involved in a bloody insurgency in southern Thailand -- an area that is 95% Buddhist. Tibet: between Buddhists and Communists The country was annexed by Chinese Communists in late 1950's. Brutal suppression of Buddhism continues. Conflicting Views: Buddha's beliefs against the world Abortion: Buddhists believe that the mother must apply to 5 conditions. 1. The thing being killed must be living 2. The killer must be aware of the first condition 3. The killer must have the intention to kill 4. There must be an effort to kill 5. The being must be killed Since abortion fits all of this, the mother is killing her unborn baby. Thus, karma is now on the mother, baby, and abortionist. Hurting animals: When humans die, they are reborn through an animal. Buddhists see the connection between animals and humans. Conflicting Views (continued) Organ donation: It's okay for charity but the dead cannot be disturbed too soon after death. Contraception: Birth control is seen as killing babies, which is the same as killing another human being so it's wrong. Birth control harms the consciousness which has already been embodied. Buddha objects to using birth control in order to pursue sexual pleasure. Bibliography Buddha Dharma Education Association, N.p.. "Buddhism in East Asia." Buddhist Studies. N.p., 2008. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/east-asia.htm. Wallis, Nick. "Buddhism and the Environment." The Buddhist Centre. Triratna Buddhist Community, 2010. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. http://www.fwbo.org/index.php. Buddhist Artwork, . "Classifying Buddhist Deities and Buddha Statues." Buddhist Artwork. N.p., 2010. Web. 8 Jan. 2011. http://www.buddhist-artwork.com/statues-buddhism/buddha-statues-intro-how-toclassify.html. Robinson, B R. "Religiously-Based Civil Unrest and Warfare." Religious Tolerance. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, 12 Mar. 1999. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. http://www.religioustolerance.org/curr_war. htm. "Buddhism." BBC Religion. BBC, 2011. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. http://www.bbc.co. uk/religion/religions/buddhism/index.shtml.