Download Byzantine Empire

Review Quiz:
Fall of the Roman Empire
5 main causes:
–
–
–
–
–
Economy Cost of defense; devaluation
Military Army included invaders as members
Moral decay Loss of faith in Rome and family
Political problems Civil conflict; weak gov’t
Invasion Attacks on borders
Timeline
A.D. 330—Constantine moves the capital to
Byzantium (Constantinople)
Timeline
A.D. 395—Leaders divided the empire due to
difficulties in communications b/t the eastern &
western parts of the empire
A.D. 476—Western Roman Empire is overrun by
Germanic (barbarian) tribes
Timeline
A.D. 527—Justinian succeeded his uncle to the
throne in the East
A.D. 533—Justinian sends General Belisarius to
reconquer former Roman territory
Timeline
A.D. 850s—Byzantine culture spreads to Russia
Timeline
A.D. 1054—the church splits into two parts (schism)
Timeline
A.D. 1240—Mongols destroy Kiev (Russian city)
A.D. 1453—Constantinople falls to Ottoman Turks
Division of the Roman Empire
Rome to
• Capital moved in A. D. 330 from ______
Byzantium
_________
which is modern-day
Istanbul
_________
in Turkey
• Western Roman Empire survived until
476 A. D. when it failed to have a Roman
_________
Emperor
• Eastern Roman Empire becomes
_________
Byzantine Empire which includes:
– Asia Minor (nucleus = Greece); replaced Latin
Greek
language with _________
Establishment of Byzantine Empire
The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
was changed to Constantinople to provide
political, economic, and military advantages.
• Location of Constantinople
– Protection of the eastern frontier
– Distant from Germanic invasions in the western
empire
– Crossroads of trade
– Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by
natural harbors
Geography of Byzantine Empire
Black
Sea
Bosporus Strait
Strait of Dardanelles
Aegean
Sea
Asia Minor
Mediterranean
ASIA MINOR
PALESTINE
Constantinople
The Role of Constantinople
• Formerly known as Byzantium
Constantine
• Renamed for Emperor __________
• Seat of Byzantine Empire until
Ottoman conquest in A.D. 1453
• Preserved classical Greco-Roman
culture
R.A.P.
What is another name for the Byzantine Empire?
Which of the following was NOT a reason for the capital
of Rome to be moved to the Byzantine Empire?
a) It was located closer to important trade routes
b)It was isolated from German barbarian attacks
c)It was a holy city for Christians
Constantinople served as a center for what two cultures?
a)Persia and Rome
b)Greece and Persia
c)Rome and Greece
R.A.P.
Which map BEST shows the location of
Constantinople?
1
2
3
Justinian (A. D. 527-565)
“The Emperor Who Never Slept”
• First to codify Roman law, which became
the basis for law codes of Western Europe
• Re-conquered former Roman territories
• Expanded trade
• Under Justinian’s reign, the Byzantine
Empire reached its height in culture and
prosperity
– (Examples: Corpus Juris Civilis, Hagia Sophia)
Justinian’s Law Code
• His goal = “#1 government, #1 empire, #1 religion”
• Ordered a panel of 10 scholars & a lawyer to
“classify” Roman laws which took 6 years
– Known as Corpus Juris Civilis
(Collection of Civil Law)
– Became basis for European law
iPads
Complete the following task:
1. Search
• Unusual U.S. laws that remain even though they are outdated
(search for “unusual” or “stupid” U.S. laws)
2. In Notes, make a list of 3-5 laws that would be
considered “outdated” according to modern standards.
3. Have something prepared to share in a few minutes
Located in
Istanbul
Hagia Sophia
“Holy Wisdom”
Built in A. D. 532
Originally a church,
then an Islamic mosque,
now a museum
iPads
Complete the following tasks:
Use “Maps” or “Google Earth” to search “Istanbul,
Turkey”
1.
•
•
What is nearby?
What type of land formation is this?
2.
Use “Maps” or “Google Earth” to search “Hagia Sophia,
Istanbul, Turkey” (You may have to move around to find it!!!)
3.
Use “Safari” to complete a Google Image Search for
“Hagia Sophia”
•
•
Find interior & exterior images of the building
Save your fav’s by pushing the power key and home key at
the same time (should ‘snap’ like a camera) OR hold your
finger on the pic until a text box appears…select SAVE
image
Division between Western and
Eastern Churches
The cultural and political differences
between the eastern and western
Roman empire weakened the
unity of the Christian Church
and led to its division.
The Western Church vs. The Eastern Church
• Centered in _____
Rome
• Farther from seat
of power after
Constantinople
became capital
• Use of ______
Latin
language in liturgy
(public worship service)
• Centered in
Constantinople
_____________
• Close to seat of
power after
Constantinople
became capital
Greek
• Use of _____
language in liturgy
Division between Western and
Eastern Churches
What factors produced the division within the Christian
Church?
– The authority of the Pope eventually
accepted in the West
– The authority of the Patriarch
eventually accepted in the East
– Practices such as celibacy eventually
accepted in the West
The Church Splits
Western
Roman Empire
Eastern
Roman Empire
ROMAN
CATHOLIC
EASTERN
ORTHODOX
Capital City
Language
Type of
Christianity (Name
of Church)
Leader of Church
Accepted Practices
Rubric:
Accuracy
Use of Color
Image to represent “division”
Neatness
Completeness
5 points
5 points
5 points
5 points
5 points
The Church Splits
Western
Roman Empire
Eastern
Roman Empire
ROMAN
CATHOLIC
EASTERN
ORTHODOX
Capital City
Language
Type of
Christianity (Name
of Church)
Leader of Church
Accepted Practices
Byzantine Art and Architecture
• Greek Orthodox Christianity and imperial
patronage enabled the Byzantine Empire to
develop a unique style of art and
architecture.
• Inspired by _________
Christianity and imperial power
• Icons - religious images
• Mosaics found in public and religious
structures
• Most important example = Hagia Sophia
(the Byzantine domed church)
Byzantine Culture
How did Greek and Roman culture survive
within the Byzantine Empire?
• Continued flourishing of Greco-Roman
traditions
• Greek as official language (contrasted with
Latin
_______
in the West)
Greek ________
Orthodox
• Type of Christianity: _______
• Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in
libraries
Byzantine _________
Byzantine Culture Influenced
Russia and Eastern Europe
Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much
influence on religion, culture, and trade in Russia
and Eastern Europe?
• Trade routes between Black Sea and Baltic
straits and Dneiper River which
Sea via the _____
allowed for access to northern Europe
Orthodox Christianity by
• Adoption of ________
Russia and much of eastern Europe
• Adoption of ______
Greek alphabet to the Slavic
languages by St. Cyril
Cyrillic Alphabet
(Modernized Version)
Influence cont’d
• Church architecture and religious art
– Churches embellished with gold, silver, marble,
ivory, and jewels
– Icons displayed on church walls, in homes, and
shrines
– Art mostly of religious subjects
– Mosaics, jeweled crosses, and ivory boxes (for
sacred items)
– Illuminated manuscripts (elaborately decorated
books)
Byzantine Art
Illuminated Manuscript
Mosaic of
Empress Theodora
Jeweled cross
Liturgy
Jeweled crosses
Mosaic-Justinian
Index Card Quiz
• List 4 things about Justinian’s life or
administration.
• List 3 things about the location of
Constantinople.
• List 2 things you learned about the schism.
• List 1 way the Byzantine Empire influenced
Russia/Eastern Europe.