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Prof. Karen Goodlad, HMGT 2402 WINES OF CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA An Extensive Array of Wine for the World to Enjoy Ranges form jug wine to super premium 85% of all vineyards and about 90% of all wine produced in the USA is produced in CA 2 of every 3 bottles of wine sold in the US are from California HISTORY OF WINE IN CA BEFORE PROHIBITION 1769’s Franciscan Monks settle in what is now San Diego, plant vines in 1779 1850’s Gold Rush 1890’s Phylloxera WINE IN CALIFORNIA AFTER PROHIBITION 1933 Prohibition Repealed, Laws limiting monopolies and restricting distribution are still in effect today 1965: Mechanical harvesting introduced 1966: Robert Mondavi Winery Opens 1968: Table wine consumption surpasses dessert wine 1976: Judgment of Paris 1978: Opus One Opens 1983: Phylloxera 1991: 60 Minutes, The French Paradox 2000’s: California Sustainable Grape Growers Alliance IMPORTANT MEMBERS OF THE CA WINE WORLD Charles Krug Frank Schoonmaker Ernest and Julio Gallo Andre Tchelisticheff Warren Winiarski and Mike Grgich Robert Mondavi WINE LAWS: AN OVERVIEW Alcohol & Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) American Viticultural Area (AVA) Label information: Grape Variety State County AVA Vineyard GENERAL CALIFORNIA CLIMATE Unique as it changes as much from East to West as it does North to South Coast Central Valley Sierra Foothills WINE REGIONS OF CALIFORNIA North Coast San Francisco Bay Central Coast South Coast Sierra Foothills Central Valley NORTH COAST, ~15% OF TOTAL CA WINE PRODUCTION Notable AVAs Napa Valley, Sonoma Valley, Carneros, Oakville, Russian River Valley plus many more Climate: Varies dramatically Coastal regions have influence of fog Very warm interiors/valleys Microclimates on mountains Soil: Varies Notable Grape Varieties Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux Blends, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Rhone Varietals NAPA VALLEY High Quality, Limited Quantity 4-5% of total production Valley Floor Fog in AM and HOT in PM Clay soils with alluvial deposits, fertile Mayacamas Mountains to West Vaca Hills to the East Volcanic soils, drain well Cabernet Sauvignon Dominates CARNEROS (SUB AVA OF NAPA VALLEY) South of Napa Valley Dense fog cools the climate significantly Flat terrain, varied soils Chardonnay and Pinot Noir SONOMA VALLEY (A RURAL NAPA) Mayacamas Mountains to the East and Sonoma Mountains on the West Wide variety of styles of wine produced Planted on valley floor and rolling hills SAN FRANCISCO BAY Notable AVAs Livermore and Santa Cruz Climate Soil Grapes Note: Significant Urban Sprawl Has Limited Vineyard Acreage CENTRAL COAST Notable Paso AVAs Robles, Santa Ynez Valley Climate: Varies Coastal Influences Can be cool and windy in the north and warm and arid in the south Soil: Varies Grapes: Rhône Valley Varietals SIERRA FOOTHILLS No significant AVAs Climate Soil Grapes Note: Grapes first planted here during Gold Rush of the 1850s. CENTRAL VALLEY Notable AVAs: Lodi Climate Soil: Varies Grapes: 60% of total CA Production Zinfandel, Sauvignon Blanc and Rhone Valley Varietals Bulk, non varietal significant grapes TERMS TO REMEMBER Note: Wines of The Times has great articles on many different aspects of California wine Note: Wine Spectator offers many videos of winemakers from CA and around the world