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Name: _______________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ___________ Greek Political Systems and Wars Early Greece After the ___________________________ and the ________________________________ (1100 BCE-800 BCE) the Greeks began to establish ___________________________________ the way we know today. Buildings were constructed for the ______________________________ and there was a ____________________________ oligarchy rule. ______________________________: form of government in which all power is held by _________________________________________ or by a dominant class or clique; government by the ____________. Rulers _______________________________________________. Early Greece – Expansion Men ____________________ and ________________________ city-states (think: _________________________________________) City-states: ______________________ = city-state - considered “___________________________” that had their own rules and _________________, their own ________________________________, and their own ____________________________. City-states all started out as _________________________________ but they were all eventually ______________________________ by citizens. Early Greece – Tyrants One person of ________________________________- trying to hold political power. Power taken ______________________________. They needed the ________________________ of _____________________________. Tyrants were like _______________________, but they didn’t have the initial ________________________ to _______________. Early Greece – Government Government varied from __________________________________________. Islands, ________________________, ________________________________ separated areas, etc. Most areas were ruled either by a ________________________ or an ______________________________. _____________________________ emerges as a strong _______________________ and speaker. He developed the idea of _________________________________. ______________________________: government by the people; a form of ______________________________ in which the supreme __________________ is held by the Name: _______________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ___________ people and exercised ______________________ by them or by their elected ________________________________ under a free system. Democracy – Who had Rights? Only ___________________________ could vote __________________________________, both parents had to be from Athens (Athenian) No ______________________________________________________ or people from other Greek city-states. Democracy Spreads Slowly, other city-states began to introduce __________________________________. Democracy was ___________________________ to other ________________________________ areas as well. How? The _____________________________________________ is based on Athenian ________________________________. __________________________________ was developed in __________________________ as well: a group of _____________________ decides if a person is ___________________________________ of committing a crime after hearing all ________________________________. Political Theories Ideas spread city to city by debating ________________________________ Think: ___________________________________________________________ ____________________: Democracy (excluded were those who were women, children, and people who weren’t citizens) ______________________: Oligarchy (ruled by only a few select people – had 2 kings) Ancient Greek Wars ______________________________ Wars ___________________________ War ___________________________War Ancient Greek Wars Peloponnesian Wars: _________________________________ Battles ___________________________ for where they were ___________________________. Between _______________________ and ___________________________ Name: _______________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ___________ _______________________: democracy, education, culture, learning ______________________: military, warriors, defense Joined together to defeat _____________________________________ (480-479 BCE) Ancient Greek Wars First _______________________________________________ (460-446 BCE) caused by Athens spreading _________________ and Sparta being ___________________________ by it. Power struggle between _______________________________________ At the end of the war, the ______________________________ was _____________________________ Only lasted for ______________________________ since ______________________helped one of __________________________allies in another _______________________. Sparta threatened war in late summer __________________________, but war only fought in __________________ and ______________________ so fighting started the next year. The Course of the _______________________ Constant ______________________________ by the other for ______________________. Both sides claimed ________________________, but neither could claim ____________________________________. One of _____________________________’ new generals helped ____________________ to defeat _________________ in Sicily, and ______________________ government and __________________________ suffered. _______________________ regained strength and continued to fight despite ______________________ constant offerings of peace. The End of the War Eventually, ______________________ (with the help of __________________) defeated _____________________ and blocked their main port of _______________________ (ships dock and bring food to __________________________). _____________________________ began starving to death so in ___________________________, Athens surrendered. _______________________ would never regain its _______________________ in learning or culture again (why these wars were considered a turning point in _____________________). Greek ______________________________ would never again have ______________________________. Persian War fought by _______________________________________________________ over a period of almost half a century. Name: _______________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ___________ fighting was most intense during _____________________________ that ____________________ launched against mainland ____________________________ between ____________________________________ Although the ____________________________ empire was at the peak of its _______________________, the collective defense mounted by the _____________________________overcame seemingly impossible odds and even succeeded in liberating ____________________________________ Greek triumph ensured the survival of _________________________________ and political structures long after the demise of the ____________________________________ Persian War ___________________________________ extended their rule from the ______________________________ to the ___________________________________ ________________________________ gradually conquered the ___________________________________________ along the coast ______________________ the Greek city-states on the western coast of Anatolia rose up in rebellion against Persia Uprising, known as the ______________________________ (500–494 bc), failed, but its consequences for the mainland __________________________ were ___________________________________ Battles continued for ____________________________, but in ________________________ the Peace of __________________________ finally ended the hostilities between ________________________ and its allies and ______________________. Trojan War – The Dispute The 3 ___________________________ asked __________________________ who was the most __________________________ Zeus refused to answer and sent them to ______________________________ The 3 Goddesses gave offers to Paris until he chose 1 goddess: ________________ Promised to make him lord of Europe, and Asia __________________ Promised he would lead the Trojans to victory and leave Greece in ruins ___________________________ Promised the fairest woman in all the world would be his The Decision Name: _______________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ___________ Paris chose ___________________________ offer, and he would receive the ____________________________________________ _______________________, Zeus’s daughter However, Helen was already _________________________________, the king of Sparta and brother of Agamemnon Menelaus went to find _______________________ and called upon all of _______________________ to help him The __________________________________ started and lasted for ___________________________ The Greeks versus The Trojans _____________________: Hera, Athena, Poseidon, Agamemnon, Menelaus ____________________: Paris, Aphrodite, Ares (God of War), Apollo, Artemis, Hector, Zeus _________________________________________ would fight it out alone for __________________________ The war could have ended here, but Hera and Athena wanted to ruin ____________________. Athena ordered a Trojan to shoot at _____________________________ and the battle begins with everyone. The War Continues Agamemnon wanted to sail home Hera had her plans She would talk to _______________________in hopes that he couldn’t resist her Zeus fell for it, and the battle turned in favor of the ___________________________ Hector felt that he could not be killed, until he is found lying in the plains where Zeus finds him ______________________ is blamed At Hector’s funeral, it is described that the __________________________ends The Fall of Troy With Hector dead, __________________________ knew he would die soon because his mother had predicted it His last battle was against the King of ___________________________, and when he is killed his body is carried out by ______________________ ______________________ wanted to kill Agamemnon and Menelaus for turning the vote against him Troy couldn’t fall until they were fought against with _____________________________________ of Hercules Name: _______________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ___________ Taking the bow and arrows _____________________________ died by Prince _____________________________ ________________________________, other Neoptolemus aka Pyrrhus (the young of Achilles) took the bow/arrows _______________________ was wounded by it and wanted to go to Oenone, a nymph who was with him before he met the three goddess She knew a drug that could help him He always _______________________________________ and therefore she ____________________ help him He died False security ***Although Troy had lost Paris it was okay because as long as they had Palladium, Troy couldn’t be taken ____________________________ passed and troy was as ___________________________ as ever. The Greeks came up with the plan to make a ______________________________… the others stayed people of Greeks near the island so they could sail home Greece wins Priest Laocoon feared the horse because it had come from Greece The Greeks hoped the Trojans would try to destroy it causing Athena’s anger upon them They brought it to the temple of Athena and in the middle of the night everyone returned to their houses Aphrodite was the only god who helped a Trojan. She helped Helen and gave her to Menelaus, they sailed to Greece