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Date: _________________
Evolution and Ecology Test
Multiple Choice
Write the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question on the line
provided.
______ 1. A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In the
years immediately following the landslide, the area will experience
A. primary succession.
B. secondary succession.
C. tertiary succession.
D. a climax community.
______ 2. If these are present in a new environment, a species is unlikely to become invasive.
A. predators, parasites, and competitors B. cane toads, kudzu, and zebra mussels
C. exotic species
D. symbiotic and commensalist species
______ 3. A reintroduced population of wolves in a national park is 90% grey and 10% black,
consistent with the wolf population in other regions. After several generations in isolation,
the national park’s wolf population is 60% grey and 40% black. The wolf population has
likely experienced
A. natural selection. B. genetic drift. C. mutations. D. migration.
______ 4. In Madagascar, several species of lemur eat bamboo, but each species specializes in
one part of the bamboo—one species eats mature bamboo stalks, one species eats bamboo
shoots, and one species eats leaves. This is an example of
A. speciation. B. resource partitioning. C. competition. D. niche partitioning.
______ 5. In the example above, one lemur species eats only bamboo shoots. Bamboo
shoots contain a high level of cyanide, a toxic chemical. This lemur species has
developed a tolerance for a certain amount of cyanide. What do you think will
happen over time?
A. The level of cyanide in the bamboo population will increase.
B. The level of cyanide in the bamboo population will decrease.
C. The level of cyanide in the bamboo population will remain the same.
D. The level of cyanide in the lemur population will decrease.
______ 6. When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost
is about
A. 90 percent. B. 50 percent. C. 25 percent. D. 10 percent.
______ 7. Humans are generally
A. carnivores. B. herbivores.
C. omnivores.
D. detrivores.
______ 8. Any organism that uses the sun’s energy to create sugars is a
A. primary producer. B. secondary producer.
C. primary consumer. D. secondary consumer.
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______ 9. An interaction in which an individual of one species kills and consumes an
individual of another is called
A. predation. B. parasitism. C. herbivory. D. symbiosis.
______ 10. The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem in which deer eat grass and coyotes eat
deer is
A. the grass. B. the sun. C. the deer. D. chemosynthesis.
______ 11. In a food web that consists of grass, mice, deer, coyotes, and hawks, which species is
likely to have the greatest biomass?
A. grass B. mice C. coyotes D. hawks
______ 12. A deer browsing on a shrub is an example of
A. predation. B. parasitism. C. herbivory.
______ 13. The first level of all food pyramids
A. consists of primary producers.
C. is chemosynthesis.
D. photosynthesis.
B. consist of primary consumers.
D. is photosynthesis.
______ 14. A beehive depends on pollen from flowers to survive. Flowers depend on bees to
pollinate them. Humans tend bee hives, offering the bees a place to live in exchange for
some of their honey. The relationship among these three sets of organisms is
A. parasitic.
B. commensalism.
C. symbiotic. D. mutualism.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the statement true.
__________________ 15. An invasive species is a species that has been introduced to a new
area and lacks limiting factors.
__________________ 16. On islands off the coast of Siberia, paleontologists have found the
remains of pygmy mammoths. These populations were likely
separated from mainland mammoth populations and became a new
type of mammoth through allopatric speciation.
__________________ 17. An organism that depends on another without killing it is a
predator.
__________________ 18. A nation where most of the people eat a primarily vegetarian diet
will be able to support a higher population than it would if the
people ate a lot of meat.
__________________ 19. In a woodland, a rabbit eats grass, and a coyote eats the rabbit. The
coyote is a secondary consumer.
__________________ 20. Communities that are powered by the sun depend on
chemosynthesis for their energy.
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Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.

Artificial selection (Use twice)

Symbiosis

Niche

Carbon dioxide
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Mutation
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Invasive
Herbivory
Producer
Niche
21. ____________________ is an accidental change in DNA.
22. You visit the state fair and see a display of 17 breeds of chicken. These chickens are the result
of ____________________.
23. A species of butterfly that lives in rocky, high-altitude areas and pollinates a specific flower,
which in turn is eaten by a certain bird, goes extinct. There is now a vacant
____________________ in the ecological community.
24. Chemosynthesis and photosynthesis use different energy sources, but each uses water and
____________________ to produce sugars.
25. ____________________ is a close, long-term association between two organisms.
26. A species introduced to a new environment without limiting factors could become
____________________.
27. The twenty varieties of heirloom tomatoes available at your local farmers’ market are the
result of ____________________.
28. ____________________ is an interaction in which an animal eats a plant.
29. The ability to perform photosynthesis or chemosynthesis defines a ____________________.
30. An organism’s ____________________ describes its use of resources and functional role in a
community.
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Other
Use the illustration to answer questions 31–36.
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31. Identify a producer, a primary consumer, and a secondary consumer from the illustration.
__________________________________________________________________________
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32. Which populations in this ecosystem would you expect to have the fewest members, and
why?
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33. If an anhinga consumes a crayfish, what percentage of the energy of the crayfish’s
original plant-based meal will reach the anhinga?
__________________________________________________________________________
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34. What would happen if alligators were removed from the ecosystem?
__________________________________________________________________________
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35. Identify two species in this web that might compete with each other, for the same
resources.
__________________________________________________________________________
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36. In the illustration, what do the arrows represent? (Aside from “This species is
eaten by that one.”)
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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