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Review“The Periodic Table” 1. How is the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom calculated? Mass – atomic number 2. All atoms are neutral, with the number of protons equaling the ___. # electrons 3. Isotopes of the same element have different _____. # neutrons 4. Using the periodic table, determine the number of neutrons in 16O. 16- 8 = 8 neutrons 5. What does the number 84 represent in the name krypton-84? mass 6. What is the correct complete symbol for an atom of tritium? 31H mass at # Symbol 7. Dalton said that atoms were indivisible and atoms of the same element were identical. Have any changes been made to this? Yes – isotopes have different number of neutrons 8. The mass number of an element is equal to _____. Number protons + neutrons 9. The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom equals the __. Atomic mass 10. The atomic number of an element is the total number of ____. Number protons 11. How do the isotopes of hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2 differ? neutrons 12. A fictitious element “X” has 10.0 % of the isotope with mass 55 amu, 20.0 % of the isotope with mass 56 amu, and 70.0 % of the isotope with mass 57 amu. Estimate the atomic mass of element X. (.10 x 55) + (.20 x 56) + (.70 x 57) = 56.6 amu 13. Element “Z” has two isotopes: one has mass number of 19.0 amu is 55.0 % abundant, and the isotope with mass number 21.0 amu is 45.0 % abundant. What is the average atomic mass for element Z? (.55 x 19) + (.45 x 21) = 19.9 amu 14. How many protons are present in an atom of Beryllium-9? 4 (atomic number) 15. Calculate the number of neutrons in Lead-210. 210-82 = 128 neutrons 16. Determine the number of electrons in an atom of Iridium. 77 e- 17. About how many more times massive is a proton than electron? 1840 times 18. How many neutrons are present in an isotope of uranium-235? 235 – 92 = 143 neutrons 19. What is the atomic number for an element with 41 neutrons and a mass number of 80? 80 - 41 = 39 20. What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level? 2s2 2p6 = 8 21. If three electrons are available to fill three empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the electrons be distributed? ↑ ↑ ↑ 22. What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level? REPEAT 23. If three electrons are available to fill three empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the electrons be distributed? REPEAT 24. What types of atomic orbitals (s, p, d, or f) are in the third principal energy level? S, P, D 3rd row = 3s23p63d10 25. How would the atomic emission spectra of a sodium atom on Earth compare with sodium in the sun? Would be the same 26. How many energy sublevels are in the second principal energy level? S, P (2nd row = 2s22p6) 27. Emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron _____. Releases energy and returns to ground state 28. Which of the following elements has the smallest radius: a) chlorine, or b) bromine? 29. The modern periodic table is arranged according to _____. Atomic number (protons) 30. Which of the following elements are nonmetal: Pt, V, Li, and Kr 31. or Which of the following elements is a transition metal: a) copper, b) cesium? 32. What is the factor that contributes to the increase in ionization energy from left to right across a period? Smaller size = stronger hold on electrons 33. To what category of elements does an element belong if it is a poor conductor of electricity? nonmetals 34. Which of these elements has the lowest electronegativity value: a) cesium, or b) calcium? Left or Lower = Larger = lower electronegativity value 35. Which of the following is correct: a) In, 49 protons, 49 electrons or b) Zn, 30 protons, 60 electrons? 36. What element in the second period has the largest atomic radius? Lithium 37. Which of the following elements is in the same period as phosphorus: a) magnesium, or b) nitrogen? 38. Who arranged the elements according to atomic mass, and used the arrangement to predict the properties of missing elements? Mendeleev 39. What is true about the electron configurations of the noble gases? Full outer shells (valance electrons) 40. What is the element with the highest electronegativity value: a) calcium, or b) fluorine? F is smaller 41. Which subatomic particle plays the greatest part in determining the properties of an element? Electrons 42. What element has the electron configuration of 1s22s22p63s23p2? Silicon 43. How does atomic radius change from left to right across a period in the periodic table? Smaller because more opposite charges 44. How does atomic radius change from top to bottom in a group in the periodic table? Larger because more orbitals 45. Elements that are characterized by the filling of p orbitals are classified as _____. Alkaline Earth metals 46. As you move from left to right across the second period of the periodic table, ionization energy __. Increases because smaller size 47. Atomic size generally decreases as you ____. Move to the right or up 48. Each period in the periodic table corresponds to ____. Orbitals or energy levels 49. Compared with the electronegativity of elements on the left side of a period, the electronegativity of the elements on the right side of the same period tend to be ____. Higher because smaller 50. How many electrons are there in the highest occupied energy level of atoms in Group 5A elements? np3