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Name ____________________ World History Mid-Term Review 1. What was the 1st real style of writing called? (not cave paintings) Cuneiform 2. What is overwhelmingly significant about Hammurabi’s Code? 1st set of written laws 3. Define Pre-History. Any place where there is a society without writing 4. What were the first calendars based on? Moon - lunar 5. Who wrote Hammurabi’s Code? Hammurabi 6. What two rivers generally define the boundaries of Mesopotamia? Tigris & Euphrates 7. What is the name of the first known civilization? Sumer/Sumerians 8. Which modern country encompasses most of what was Mesopotamia? Iraq 9. What is Polytheism? Belief in many gods 10. A ____________________is a series of rulers from one family. Dynasty 11. This first civilization created the first known system of writing called ____________________. Cuneiform 12. What is the most well-known piece of literature from this first society? Epic of Gilgamesh 13. This first civilization developed a math system based on the number ____________________. 60 14. What color is Lapis Lazuli? blue 15. What did this first civilization write on? What did they write with? Clay tablets 16. The banks of the Nile River are called the ____________________. Black land 17. ____________________Egypt is in the ____________________part of Egypt. Upper - South 18. The embalming agent ____________________is made up of mostly 2 ingredients. What are they? Natron – Baking Soda and Salt 19. The ____________________is a mechanical irrigation device used to put water from the canals into the fields. Shaduf 20. During the mummification process the heart was left in the body. Why? Seen as the center of intelligence 21. What kind of Calendar did the Egyptians have? solar 22. What is the symbol of Upper Egypt? Vulture 23. The ____________________was the head of the state and seen as a god. Pharaoh 24. Who would eat your body and soul if your heart weighed more than the feather of justice? Amemet 25. Small fishing boats called ____________________were made of ____________________. Skiffs – papyrus reeds 26. What were the 2 main staples of the Egyptian diet? Beer - bread 27. How was the Egyptians belief in resurrection rooted in what they observed each day? Rising of sun (birth) in east and setting of sun in west (death) 28. What kind of boats do mummies travel on to go through the underworld? Solar bark or barque 29. What is the Book of the Dead? Book of magical spells and incantations meant to help you through the dangerous part of the netherworld after death 30. Amenemhet extended Egypts southern border 200 miles to the ___________________Cataract. 2nd 31. Menes was in his 80’s when he died hunting ____________________. Hippo’s 32. The Feudal Period of Egyptian History is described as a 150 year period where the 42 ____________________ (county governors) took control of Egypt and there were no Pharaohs. nomarchs 33. During which time frame were all of the pyramids built? Old kingdom 34. ____________________II had the longest reign in all of history. Pepi II 35. Which Pharaoh split Egypt into 3 parts and had a very effective central government? Amenemhet 36. Menes built a great palace at the city of Memphis and afterwards the ruler of Egypt was called Pharaoh which means ____________________ -____________________ (2 words). Great palace 37. What is the 1st kind of pyramid called? Step pyramid 38. What is a cataract on the Nile River? Place with very rough rapids or waterfalls 39. Menes was the first king to unify ____________________and ____________________ Egypt. Upper and lower 40. ____________________ was the 1st Pharaoh to declare himself a ____________________ and he had the Great Pyramid at ____________________built. Khufu – god -Giza 41. What are 2 things Imhotep is remembered for? Step pyramid – invented mummification – performed cataract and appendectomy surgery – poet – later worshiped as a god – mythical booby trapped tomb that has never been found 42. Menes established a strong central government with 42 ____________________ (counties). Nomes 43. After Pepi II, the Old Kingdom quickly dissolved into barely controlled chaos. What are the 2 main reasons that the Old Kingdom fell apart? Incest… weak rulers and drought/low Nile 44. Khafre had the 2nd largest pyramid built as well as the Great ____________________which was supposedly sculpted to look like him. Sphinx 45. Mentuhotep II was the Nomarch of Thebes. During the 39th year of his 51 year reign, he succeeded in reunifying all of Egypt, thus beginning the ____________________ (2 words). Middle Kingdom 46. Menes created the city of ____________________so that he could be in a good position to rule his newly unified Egypt. Memphis 47. What were 2 of the items the Egyptians liked to trade for from Nubia? Gold – Ebony - Ivory 48. Egyptians had a style of writing used for everyday writing. What is it called? Demotic 49. What is the name of what is known as the 1st ever peace treaty between the Mitanni and the Egyptians? Agreement of Accord 50. Tell me any 2 facts about Hatshepsut other than she was a she, the first female Pharaoh, or that she was married to a Pharaoh that was her half-brother. Dressed as a man – had a daughter Neferure – had a lot built - didn’t like stepson Thutmose III and was his regent until he most likely had her poisoned 51. Even though the Hyksos were good rulers, why were they hated? They were foreign 52. ____________________ was called the Napoleon of Egypt as he was a short military strategist. Thutmose III 53. How did Seqenere die? By axe and spear from assasins sent by Apophis 54. Which Pharaoh started the tradition of Pharaohs being buried in the Valley of the Kings? Thutmose I 55. What outrageous order did Apophis give to Seqenere knowing that he would disobey and what excuse did he use to give that order? To fill in royal hippo pond as it was keeping him up at night from hundreds of miles away 56. Which Pharaoh extended Egypt’s border south to the 4th cataract of the Nile? Thutmose III 57. What are 3 of the technological military advancements that made it so easy for the Hyksos to take over the Egyptians? Horse Drawn Chariot, Laminated Bow with Bronze Tipped Arrows, and Leather Plated Armor 58. Which Pharaoh expanded the border south to the 3rd cataract of the Nile and East to the Euphrates River? Thutmose I 59. Which Pharaoh married his half-sister Hatshepsut? Thutmose II 60. Who led the army that defeated Apophis (which ended the Hyksos Period) and started the New Kingdom? Ahmose 61. Thutmose IV had a dream. What was it? Had dream that if he could find then clear away the Sphinx and fix it up he would become Pharaoh. He did so and nobody knows what happened to his older brothers. 62. It is during the Hyksos period that the Story of ____________________takes place. This is also the longest ongoing part of the Bible. Joseph 63. Amonhotep II executed the Seven Princes of Tikhsi on a stage in front of a large crowd with a ____________________. He then had their bodies hung and dangled above crocodiles across the Nile River. Mace 64. Where did the Hyksos most likely come from? most likely Phoenician/Ugaritic 65. Who was Thutmose III’s regent? Hatshepsut 66. Which Pharaoh is known for hunting and killing 102 lions and 96 wild bulls? Amonhotep III 67. Which Macedonian King took Egypt from Persia? Alexander the Great 68. What is the Colossi of Memnon? Two giant statues of Amonhotep III 69. How did Cleopatra keep Egypt independent of Rome until after her death? She used her womanly ways with Caesar and Marc Antony 70. Which Pharaoh changed his name to Akhenaton? Amonhotep IV 71. Which Pharaoh had over 100 wives and over 100 Children? Ramses II 72. What is the sole reason that we studied about Tutankhamon? Because his tomb was found untouched and is the only pharaohs to be found as such 73. Which Pharaoh is known as Egypt’s Master Builder? Ramses II 74. Other than being married to Amonhotep IV, what is something that Nefertiti is remembered for? Amazing beauty 75. How did Cleopatra and Marc Antony die? Cleo suicide by asp to the breast and Marco fell on his sword 76. Tiye was the first commoner to become Queen. What did her Pharaoh husband Amonhotep III build for her? Giant pleasure Lake 77. What was left in Pandora’s Box? hope 78. How was Prometheus punished? Tied to a mountain where an eagle daily re-eats his liver 79. How did King Minos die? Had boiling water poured on him in the bath 80. In what myth was the Hellespont an obstacle? Jason and the Argonauts 81. What did the Minotaur eat? people 82. What happened when Cadmus planted the dragon’s teeth? They became armed soldiers 83. What are the Pillars of Hercules known as today? Strait of Gibraltar 84. How did Zeus kidnap Europa? Became a white bull and tricked her into riding him… he ran off over the sea to Crete 85. How many tasks did Heracles have in all and why did he have them? 12 – because Hera made him crazy and he killed his wife and family 86. How did Deucalion and his wife create more people? By throwing stones over their shoulders 87. How did Theseus get through the maze? By using a ball of thread 88. What 2 things was Oedipus destined to do? Marry his mother and killing his father 89. What was Eos the goddess of? The dawn 90. How did Apollo punish Midas? Donkey ears 91. What did Zeus create to punish men? women 92. Why did Athena dislike Arachne? Cocky and could weave better than her 93. What do the 4 pomegranate seeds represent? Winter months that Persephone could spend with Hades 94. Who did Zeus give Persephone to? Hades 95. What object did Athena beat Arachne with? shovel 96. Who taught the people to cheat the gods? Prometheus 97. Where did Zeus take Europa? Crete 98. What does the barber know about Midas that nobody else knows? His Ears 99. What was Eos’s husband Tithonus turned into? grasshopper 100. Who asks Oedipus a riddle? sphinx 101. What was sent to the crib of Heracles by Hera? 2 snakes 102. Who was the idiot who flew too close to the sun with wings held together by wax? Icarus 103. Who raised and trained Jason? Chiron 104. How did Heracles clean out the stables? Moved the river bed… water went through the stables 105. Why was Jason sent to retrieve the Golden Fleece? So that he could gain his rightful throne 106. Who freed Prometheus? Heracles 107. What did King Midas wish for? That everything he touched would become gold 108. What became of Phaethon? Fell to his death after trying to drive Helios chariot 109. Who in all these myths was turned into gold? King Midas’s daughter 110. Other than someone who created more people, who was Deucalion? Man who bult arc in preparation of great flood 111. Who was in Zeus’s head? Athena 112. What did Persephone’s mother do while she was away? Freak out and scream at Zeus a lot 113. Who was the great inventor that created the labyrinth, the wings, the palace at Sicily, and could get a string through a conch shell? Daedalus 114. What did Prometheus steal from Zeus? Fire 115. What was the most important shrine in all of Greece? Oracle at Delphi 116. Which of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World was discussed regarding Ancient Greece? Statue of Zeus at Olympos 117. There are 3 symbols commonly associated with the Ancient Minoans. What are 2 of these symbols (be specific)? Double headed axe – Maze – Bull horns symbol 118. The Olympics were held in honor of ____________________ every ____________________ years and were held without a break from 776 BC to AD 393, a period of 1169 years. Zeus - 4 119. What was the name of the Minoan Capital? Knossos 120. Who discovered the actual remains of Troy in the 1860-70’s? Heinrich Schlieman 121. What is the deciphered written language of the Mycenaean's? Linear B 122. What was the name of the Mycenaean Capital? Mycenae 123. What happened at Thera that may very well have impacted the decline of the Minoan Civilization? Volcano - Tsunami 124. Which tribe of nomadic warriors from the north of Greece destroyed the Mycenaean’s and founded Sparta? Dorian 125. What is the Undeciphered written language of the Minoans? Linear A 126. What did the Mycenaean’s supposedly go to war with Troy over? Helen 127. What are the 2 epic poems that Homer wrote about the Trojan War? Iliad - Odyssey 128. What island did the Minoans live on? Crete 129. Where in modern Italy did many Greeks colonize during the Archaic period? Sicily 130. What was a Pythia? Priestess of Apollo – an Oracle at Delphi 131. Who won the Trojan War? Mycenaean’s 132. When you break down the word democracy, what does it mean? “Demos” = people; “kratos” = rule - Rule of the People 133. What was a Polis? City/State or just City 134. At what age did Spartans begin training for the military? 7 135. Which city state was the political power of the Delian League? Athens 136. What was the purpose of the Agoge? Rigorous Education System - Aim of the system was to produce a strong and capable warrior class to serve in the Spartan army - encouraged conformity and the importance of the Spartan state over one's own personal interest 137. How many citizens comprised a jury in Athens? 500 138. What kind of government did Athens have? Either name it specifically (2 words) or describe it in detail. Direct Democracy 139. Sparta had a 3-tiered government. Simply describe 1 of them. Government ruled by 2 Kings, a Council, and an Assembly - 2 kings from the Agiad and Eurypontid families 140. What was required to obtain Athenian citizenship? Be a man – 30 years old – own land 141. What shared aspect of society enabled free time for the discussion of philosophy in Athens as well as physical training in Sparta? slaves 142. Who created Democracy and had the Parthenon built in Athens? Pericles 143. Define Ostracism – No longer being a part of a group (citizen) without being exiles 144. From which ancient civilization did the Greeks obtain their alphabet? Phoenician 145. What was the name given to Spartan slaves? Helot 146. At what age did Spartans retire from the military? 60 147. What was the Agoge? Rigorous Education System - Aim of the system was to produce a strong and capable warrior class to serve in the Spartan army - encouraged conformity and the importance of the Spartan state over one's own personal interest 148. Why did the Ionian Greeks revolt against Darius I? Raised taxes 149. What are soldiers in the phalanx formation called? hoplites 150. Who was the Spartan king who led the Spartans at Thermopylae? Leonidas 151. Who led the Greeks at Salamis? Themistocles 152. Describe a Trireme? 3 tiered – rowing boat - fast moving ship – built to ram 153. Who did Xerxes leave in charge after Salamis? Mardonius 154. What was the last battle of the Persian War? Battle of Plataea/Mycale either one or both are acceptable… same day 155. What was the real cause of the Peloponnesian War? Spartan fear of Athens growing power 156. Why did Athens lose its military? Sparta won the Peloponnesian War and took it from them 157. Socrates taught ____________________, who taught ____________________, who taught ____________________. Plato – Aristotle - Alexander 158. Who started The Academy? Plato 159. How much of Socrates writings remain? none 160. Why are Cynics dog like? Because Cynic comes from the greek word canine… also lived very doglike lives 161. What is Diogenes famous for? begged for a living and often slept in a large ceramic jar in the marketplace. He became notorious for his philosophical stunts such as carrying a lamp in the daytime, claiming to be looking for an honest man. He criticized and embarrassed Plato, disputed his interpretation of Socrates and sabotaged his lectures, sometimes distracting attendees by bringing food and eating during the discussions. Diogenes was also noted for having publicly mocked Alexander the Great. Peed on people… pooped in public to show anger 162. What 3 things do Epicureans need to have a happy life? Live with friends – make a simple living with having a boss - Reflect, read, write, & meditate 163. What makes Cynics happy? live a humble, simple life, seeking virtue and self sufficiency 164. How did the Stoics get their name? Stoa means porch and Zeno taught from a porch 165. What is the 1 all-consuming thing that Stoics believe people should worry about? Their will. Can only control 1 thing and that is oneself 166. What is the goal of Epicureans? Simple pleasures 167. How did Alexander the Great die? Malaria at age 33 168. Who did Alexander the Great Conquer to control the world’s largest ever Empire? Persia, Egypt, the Middle East and Northern India. 169. What does Hellenistic mean? Greek 170. What happened to the Empire of Alexander the Great when he died? He split it up amongst his generals