Download Chapter 29 and 35 practice questions with answers

Chapter 29 and 35
Practice Questions
Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece)
Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
1) According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats _____.
A) in conjunction with insects that pollinated them
B) in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil
C) to escape abundant herbivores in the oceans
D) only about 150 million years ago
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.1
2) The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____.
A) kelp (brown alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines
B) green algae
C) photosynthesizing prokaryotes (cyanobacteria)
D) liverworts and mosses
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
3) About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have _____.
A) looked very similar to that of today, with flowers, grasses, shrubs, and trees
B) been completely bare rock, with little pools that contained bacteria and cyanobacteria
C) been covered with tall forests in swamps that became today's coal
D) had non-vascular green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.1
4) What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to
land?
A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves
B) loss of structures that produce spores
C) sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves
D) remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
5) Which of these time intervals, based on plant fossils, came last (most recently)?
A) extensive growth of gymnosperm forests
B) colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses
C) rise and diversification of angiosperms
D) carboniferous swamps with giant horsetails and lycophytes
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.1
6) Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit?
A) They were tied to the water for reproduction and thus needed to remain in close contact with
the moist soil.
B) The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect in air.
C) Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants.
D) There was less competition for space so they simply spread out flat.
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 29.1
7) Spores and seeds have basically the same function—dispersal—but are vastly different
because _____.
A) spores have a protective outer covering; seeds do not
B) spores have an embryo; seeds do not
C) spores have stored nutrition; seeds do not
D) spores are unicellular; seeds are not
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
8) You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The
mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____.
A) contains chloroplasts
B) is surrounded by a cuticle
C) does not contain vascular tissue
D) has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
9) Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants _____.
A) protects the zygote from herbivores
B) evolved concurrently with pollen
C) helps in dispersal of the zygote
D) allows it to be nourished by the parent plant
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
10) The structural integrity of bacteria is to peptidoglycan as the structural integrity of plant
spores is to _____.
A) lignin
B) cellulose
C) secondary compounds
D) sporopollenin
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.1
11) According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should
feature cell division most similar to that of land plants?
A) unicellular green algae
B) cyanobacteria
C) charophytes
D) red algae
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.1
12) Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?
A) Plantae
B) Pterophyta
C) Bryophyta
D) Charophycea
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.1
13) If the kingdom Plantae is someday expanded to include the charophytes (stoneworts), then
the shared derived characteristics of the kingdom will include _____.
1. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
2. chlorophylls a and b
3. alternation of generations
4. cell walls of cellulose
5. ability to synthesize sporopollenin
A) 1 and 5
B) 1, 2, and 3
C) 1, 3, and 5
D) 1, 2, 4, and 5
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
14) Which of the following were probably factors that permitted early plants to successfully
colonize land?
1. the relative number of potential predators (herbivores)
2. the relative number of competitors
3. the relative availability of symbiotic partners
4. air's relative lack of support, compared to water's support
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.1
15) A student encounters a pondweed which appears to be a charophyte (stonewort). Which of
the following features would help the student determine whether the sample comes from a
charophyte or from some other type of green alga?
1. molecular structure of enzymes inside the chloroplasts
2. structure of sperm cells
3. presence of phragmoplasts
4. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 2, 3, and 4
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure
below. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each
number over an arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
16) In the figure above, which number represents the mature gametophyte?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 11
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
17) In the figure above, which number represents an embryo?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 11
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
18) In the figure above, meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 2 and 8
D) 10 and 12
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
19) Which number represents a megaspore mother cell in the figure above?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
20) In the figure above, the process labeled "6" involves _____.
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) fertilization
D) binary fission
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
21) The embryo sac of an angiosperm flower is best represented by which number in the figure
above?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 11
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
22) In angiosperms, which number in the figure above represents a component contributing to
the formation of endosperm?
A) 1
B) 7
C) 9
D) 11
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.1
23) Stomata _____.
A) occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group
B) open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss
C) occur in all land plants and are the same as pores
D) open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.2
24) Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. Besides not
having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common?
A) They are all wind pollinated.
B) They are heterosporous.
C) They can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae.
D) They require water for reproduction.
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.2
25) Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply
about moss gametophytes and their structure?
A) They use stomata for gas exchange regulation.
B) They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere.
C) Photosynthesis occurs throughout the entire gametophyte surface.
D) They have branching veins in their leaves.
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.2
26) As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____.
A) zygote of a green alga
B) gametophyte of a moss
C) sporophyte of a liverwort
D) gametophyte of a fern
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.2
27) Which of these are spore-producing structures?
A) sporophyte (capsule) of a moss
B) antheridium of a moss or fern
C) archegonium of a moss or fern
D) gametophyte of a moss
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.2
28) What is true about the genus Sphagnum?
A) It is an economically important liverwort.
B) It grows in extensive mats in grassland areas.
C) It accumulates to form coal and is burned as a fuel.
D) It is an important carbon sink, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 29.2
29) How are the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants alike?
A) Plants in both groups have vascular tissue.
B) In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.
C) The dominant generation in both groups is the sporophyte.
D) Plants in both groups have true roots, stems, and leaves.
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.2
30) In general, liverworts have a cuticle and pores. However, some species do not have pores.
What would you predict concerning the cuticle of these species and why?
A) The cuticle would be the same as in those species with pores.
B) The cuticle would be thicker than in those species with pores.
C) The cuticle would be thinner than in those species with pores.
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 29.2
Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece)
Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
1) Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?
A) root cap
B) root hairs
C) the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem
D) storage roots
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
2) What is the primary function of stems?
A) Facilitation of gas exchange
B) Water absorption and movement
C) Maximization of photosynthesis by leaves
D) Reproduction
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 35.1
3) When you eat Brussels sprouts, you are eating _____.
A) immature flowers
B) large axillary buds
C) petioles
D) storage leaves
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 35.1
4) Some of the largest leaves in the world can be found on plants near the forest floor of dense
tropical rain forests. Which of the following precursors for photosynthesis is most likely limited
in these large leaves?
A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) glucose
D) light
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 35.1
5) Leaf thickness represents a trade-off between _____.
A) light collection and carbon dioxide absorption
B) water retention and carbon dioxide absorption
C) water retention and oxygen absorption
D) light collection and oxygen absorption
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 35.1
6) One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that
_____.
A) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem
B) root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not
C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves
E) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 35.1
7) Which of the following was a challenge to the survival of the first land plants?
A) too much sunlight
B) a shortage of carbon dioxide
C) desiccation
D) animal predation
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
8) Trichomes _____.
A) absorb sunlight, increasing the temperature of leaves
B) open and close for gas exchange
C) repel or trap insects
D) increase water loss from leaves
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
9) Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system?
A) root hair — vascular tissue
B) guard cell — vascular tissue
C) companion cell — ground tissue
D) tracheid — vascular tissue
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
10) The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is
_____.
A) soil via the xylem
B) soil via the phloem
C) the atmosphere through the cuticle and stomata
D) all of the listed responses
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
11) The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the _____.
A) cortex
B) stele
C) periderm
D) pith
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
12) Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division?
A) a parenchyma cell near the root tip
B) a functional sieve tube element
C) a tracheid
D) a stem fiber
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
13) Which of these is NOT an example of a parenchyma cell?
A) cells that can form clones in tissue culture of plants
B) support cells near the outside of nonwoody stems
C) edible cells in fruits and vegetables
D) tissue in leaves that photosynthesizes
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 35.1
14) Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing
parts of the plant?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) sclerenchyma cells
D) tracheids and vessel elements
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
15) Which of the following is correctly paired with its structure and function?
A) sclerenchyma — supporting cells with thick secondary walls
B) ground meristem — protective coat of woody stems and roots
C) guard cells — waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots
D) periderm — parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
16) Which of the following occurs in vascular land plants but not charophytes (stoneworts)?
A) sporopollenin
B) lignin
C) chlorophyll a
D) cellulose
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
17) Which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) tracheids and vessel elements
D) sieve-tube elements
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.1
18) Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances?
A) parenchyma cells
B) sclerenchyma cells
C) tracheids and vessel elements
D) sieve-tube elements
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.2
19) Plant meristematic cells _____.
A) are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant
B) are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells
C) increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs
D) subdivide into three distinct cell types named parenchyma, ground meristem, and
procambium
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.2
20) Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?
A) secondary xylem
B) leaves
C) dermal tissue
D) secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 35.2
21) Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as _____.
A) perennial
B) weedy
C) indeterminate
D) primary
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.2
22) What is present in a shoot apical meristem region?
I) the region of cell division
II) immature buds and leaves
III)cells that will give rise to the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium
A) only I
B) only II
C) only III
D) I, II, and III
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.2
23) Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to _____.
A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem
B) cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem
C) cell elongation localized in each internode
D) cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical
meristem
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.2
24) Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground
level or slightly below, concealed by the leaves. The leaves also have an intercalary meristem at
their bases. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?
A) If you mow right at ground level, the leaves can keep growing with no problem.
B) Grass mowed two inches above ground level grows at a slower rate compared to grass mowed
three inches above the ground level.
C) If you mow two inches above ground level, most apical meristems will be cut down.
D) If you mow two inches above ground level, both the apical and intercalary meristems can
keep producing new cells.
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 35.2
25) In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem.
In what direction will the stem grow?
A) laterally in width
B) vertically in height
C) at a 45-degree angle from the ground
D) away from the sun
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 35.2
26) Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?
A) secondary xylem
B) leaves
C) trichomes
D) tubers
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.2
27) Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as _____.
A) dermal and ground tissue
B) lateral tissues
C) pith
D) secondary tissues
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.2
28) Which of the following can be used to determine a twig’s age?
A) Number of apical bud scar rings
B) Number of leaf scars
C) Number and arrangement of axillary buds
D) Length of internodes
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 35.2
29) A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces
flowers and then dies would be considered _____.
A) annual
B) biennial
C) perennial
D) not very fit
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.2
30) Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root,
moving from the root cap inward?
A) zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation
B) zone of differentiation, zone of elongation, zone of cell division
C) zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation
D) zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 35.3