Download Hearing, the Ear and Cochlear Implant

Hearing, the Ear and Cochlear Implant
THE PATHWAY OF SOUND:
1. The _Pinna______ or _auricle_______ collects the sound.
2. Sound waves enter the outer ear through the auditory canal____
3. These hit the __tympanic membrane or ear drum________ causing it to vibrate.
4. Then the 3 small bones of the __Ossicular____ Chain are put in motion.
a.
The _____Malleus________/__hammer______
b. Next the ____incus____/___anvil ________
c. Last, the _ stapes _______/_____stirup _____
5. The ___stapes______ pushes on the fluid in the ____cochlea____.
6. _____Hair cells____ inside the Cochlea are stimulated by pressure changes of the __fluid___in the inner ear.
7. This begins an ____electrical current_____________ flowing to the _auditory ______ _____nerve______.
8. The auditory nerve transmits these __electrical_________ impulses to the ____brain_________
9. Finally, the ____brain__________ interprets/decodes the message.
TWO MAIN TYPES OF HEARING LOSS:
conductive loss___ and ___ Sensory-Neural Loss _____
1. Conductive Loss – hearing loss that occurs in the ____outer______ or _middle____ ear,
____prevents__________ sound transmission or conduction – to the inner ear:
Can be caused by
a. ____wax________
b. _perforated (hole) eardrum
c. __infection in middle ear_
d. _problem with the bones of the middle ear__________________________________
Can be medically/surgically treated and often hearing can be ____restored____________. If normal can’t be
restored ______Hearing aids_________maybe recommended.
2.
Sensory-Neural Loss- hearing loss that occurs in the _____inner ____ear – ____damage___________ is
permanent and irreversible.
Sensory- neural loss can be caused by:
a. ___damaged hair cells in cochlea__________________________
b. ___cochlea_________
c. _____auditory nerve________________________________________________________________
May be a candidate for ____cochlear implant_______________________.
In __90%_ of the cases of those who are _profoundly (very)__ deaf, the problem is _NOT___ the auditory
nerve, but rather the hair cells in the inner ear are destroyed by:
a.____infection___________________
c.________trauma_______________
b. ____virus___________________
d.____environmental noise_________
e._____or the absence of hair cells at birth______________
CAUSES OF HEARING LOSS:
1.
Hereditary (genetic) a. Passed by _one _______ or ___both_______ parents
b. A _____recessive gene_______ carried by both parents can result in genetic trait being passed to the
child.
2.
Congenital –
a. Present in the __womb__________
OR
b. Occurs at ____time of birth______________________ . Can be due to
a. ______premature__birth
b. ___RH___ Blood Incompatibility between mother & baby
c. Lack of ___oxygen_________ at birth
d. Use of _____forceps_______ during birth process
3.
Acquired –
a. Occurs some time _____after birth________ for various reasons:
1.____disease_____________
5. ________trauma_________________
2.____illness_____ ________
6. ________drugs__________________
3._____accident________________ 7. _____environmental noise_________
4. ____medication________
HEREDITARY SYNDROMES: a syndrome is a group of conditions rather than a single cause
1. Usher’s Syndrome
a. Born ___deaf______ and later develop vision problems resulting in ____blindness__________ or
near blindness.
2.
Waardenburg’s Syndrome – Group of physical characteristics such as
a.
______pigment disorder________
c.
___eyes of 2 different colors___
b.
______streak of white hair ______
d.
___may or may not be deaf__
AGE OF ONSET OF DEAFNESS:
1. Prelingual –Onset __prior to age 3_ – the child has not yet fully acquired its language
2. Postlingual – Onset occurs ___after age 3___ – child can talk and has learned language
DEFINTIONS PERTAINING TO SOUND:
1. ____sound- begins with a vibrating source that causes __waves______
2. Hertz or __frequency___ :
a. The number of __waves___ that pass a given point in one __second____.
3. Pitch: are compared as "higher" and "lower"
b. More waves = __higher __ pitch sound
c. Fewer waves = ____lower______pitch sound
4. Decibel – abbreviated ____dB______________ :
a. The ___loudness___ of sound
b. dB scales begin at 0 dB, the _threshold (beginning)_ of hearing
c. Each increase of 10 dB on the scale is actually a __ten_-fold increase in sound pressure. (Ex: 55 dB is
Ten times as loud as 45 dB)
HEARING TESTS:
1. Hearing test are measured on an ___audiogram_____, a chart showing the dB loss in both right & left ear.
Cochlear Implants:
1. Cost is _$50,000-$100,000__(insurance my not pay or may only pay part)
2. Requires a commitment of ___speech therapy___________ for months/years
3. Do not replace ___normal__ hearing
4. Can be unsuccessful and result in surgical complications, infection, and even ___Death_________________
Deaf community has feared cochlear implant will cause the decline or disappearance of
_____ASL language______ and ____Deaf Culture____
Hearing, the Ear and Cochlear Implant
THE PATHWAY OF SOUND:
1. The _______________ or ______________ collects the sound.
2. Sound waves enter the outer ear through the _________________________
3. These hit the _____________________________or ____________________________ causing it to vibrate.
4. Then the 3 small bones of the _____________________________ Chain are put in motion.
a.
The ____________________________________/_________________________
b. Next the ___________________/___________________________
c. Last, the ______________________/________________________
5. The _____________ pushes on the fluid in the ____________________.
6. ______________________ inside the Cochlea are stimulated by pressure changes of the
________________in the inner ear.
7. This begins an _______________________________________ flowing to the
__________________________ _______________________.
8. The auditory nerve transmits these _______________________ impulses to the ____________________
9. Finally, the ______________ interprets/decodes the message.
TWO MAIN TYPES OF HEARING LOSS:__________________________________ or______________________________
1. Conductive Loss – hearing loss that occurs in the ______________ or _________________ear,
__________________ sound transmission or conduction – to the inner ear:
Can be caused by:
a. _____________________________
b. __________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________________________________
Can be medically/surgically treated and often hearing can be _________________________. If normal can’t be
restored ____________________________________maybe recommended.
2.
Sensory-Neural Loss- hearing loss that occurs in the ________________ear – ________________ is
permanent and irreversible.
Sensory- neural loss can be caused by:
a. _____________________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________________
May be a candidate for _____________________________________________________.
In _______ of the cases of those who are _______________ deaf, the problem is ________ the auditory nerve,
but rather the hair cells in the inner ear are destroyed by:
a._______________________
c._______________________
b. _______________________
d._______________________
e.___________________________________________________________
CAUSES OF HEARING LOSS:
1.
Hereditary (genetic) a. Passed by ____________ or _____________ parents
b. A ________________________________ carried by both parents can result in genetic trait being passed
to the child.
2.
Congenital –
a. Present in the ____________
OR
b. Occurs at _______________________________ . Can be due to
1. ____________________birth
2. ___________ Blood Incompatibility between mother & baby
3. Lack of _______________________ at birth
4. Use of _______________ during birth process
3.
Acquired –
a. Occurs some time _______________________________ for various reasons:
1._______________________________
5. _______________________________
2._______________________________
6. _______________________________
3._______________________________
7. _______________________________
4. _______________________________
HEREDITARY SYNDROMES: a syndrome is a group of conditions rather than a single cause
1. Usher’s Syndrome
a. Born _______________ and later develop vision problems resulting in _______________________
or near blindness.
2.
Waardenburg’s Syndrome – Group of physical characteristics such as
a.
_____________________________
c.
_____________________________
b.
_____________________________
d.
_____________________________
AGE OF ONSET OF DEAFNESS:
1. Prelingual –Onset ________________________________ – the child has not yet fully acquired its language
2. Postlingual – Onset occurs __________________________ – child can talk and has learned language
DEFINTIONS PERTAINING TO SOUND:
1. _________________begins with a vibrating source that causes __________________
2. Hertz or _____________________ :
a. The number of _______________ that pass a given point in one _______________.
3. Pitch: are compared as "higher" and "lower"
a. More waves = _______________________ pitch sound
b. Fewer waves = _______________________pitch sound
4.
Decibel – abbreviated __________________ :
a. The _________________________ of sound
b. dB scales begin at 0 dB, the ________________________ of hearing
c. Each increase of 10 dB on the scale is actually a __________-fold increase in sound pressure. (Ex:
55 dB is Ten times as loud as 45 dB)
HEARING TESTS:
1. Hearing test are measured on an _______________________________, a chart showing the dB loss in both
right & left ear.
Cochlear Implants:
1. Cost is ____________________(insurance may not pay or may only pay part)
2. Requires a commitment of _______________________________________ for months/years
3. Do not replace ___________________ hearing
4. Can be unsuccessful and result in surgical complications, infections and even ____________________
Deaf community has feared cochlear implant will cause the decline or disappearance of
____________________________________ and _________________________________