* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Hearing, the Ear and Cochlear Implant
Survey
Document related concepts
Telecommunications relay service wikipedia , lookup
Auditory processing disorder wikipedia , lookup
Sound from ultrasound wikipedia , lookup
Lip reading wikipedia , lookup
Olivocochlear system wikipedia , lookup
Hearing loss wikipedia , lookup
Sound localization wikipedia , lookup
Noise-induced hearing loss wikipedia , lookup
Audiology and hearing health professionals in developed and developing countries wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Hearing, the Ear and Cochlear Implant THE PATHWAY OF SOUND: 1. The _Pinna______ or _auricle_______ collects the sound. 2. Sound waves enter the outer ear through the auditory canal____ 3. These hit the __tympanic membrane or ear drum________ causing it to vibrate. 4. Then the 3 small bones of the __Ossicular____ Chain are put in motion. a. The _____Malleus________/__hammer______ b. Next the ____incus____/___anvil ________ c. Last, the _ stapes _______/_____stirup _____ 5. The ___stapes______ pushes on the fluid in the ____cochlea____. 6. _____Hair cells____ inside the Cochlea are stimulated by pressure changes of the __fluid___in the inner ear. 7. This begins an ____electrical current_____________ flowing to the _auditory ______ _____nerve______. 8. The auditory nerve transmits these __electrical_________ impulses to the ____brain_________ 9. Finally, the ____brain__________ interprets/decodes the message. TWO MAIN TYPES OF HEARING LOSS: conductive loss___ and ___ Sensory-Neural Loss _____ 1. Conductive Loss – hearing loss that occurs in the ____outer______ or _middle____ ear, ____prevents__________ sound transmission or conduction – to the inner ear: Can be caused by a. ____wax________ b. _perforated (hole) eardrum c. __infection in middle ear_ d. _problem with the bones of the middle ear__________________________________ Can be medically/surgically treated and often hearing can be ____restored____________. If normal can’t be restored ______Hearing aids_________maybe recommended. 2. Sensory-Neural Loss- hearing loss that occurs in the _____inner ____ear – ____damage___________ is permanent and irreversible. Sensory- neural loss can be caused by: a. ___damaged hair cells in cochlea__________________________ b. ___cochlea_________ c. _____auditory nerve________________________________________________________________ May be a candidate for ____cochlear implant_______________________. In __90%_ of the cases of those who are _profoundly (very)__ deaf, the problem is _NOT___ the auditory nerve, but rather the hair cells in the inner ear are destroyed by: a.____infection___________________ c.________trauma_______________ b. ____virus___________________ d.____environmental noise_________ e._____or the absence of hair cells at birth______________ CAUSES OF HEARING LOSS: 1. Hereditary (genetic) a. Passed by _one _______ or ___both_______ parents b. A _____recessive gene_______ carried by both parents can result in genetic trait being passed to the child. 2. Congenital – a. Present in the __womb__________ OR b. Occurs at ____time of birth______________________ . Can be due to a. ______premature__birth b. ___RH___ Blood Incompatibility between mother & baby c. Lack of ___oxygen_________ at birth d. Use of _____forceps_______ during birth process 3. Acquired – a. Occurs some time _____after birth________ for various reasons: 1.____disease_____________ 5. ________trauma_________________ 2.____illness_____ ________ 6. ________drugs__________________ 3._____accident________________ 7. _____environmental noise_________ 4. ____medication________ HEREDITARY SYNDROMES: a syndrome is a group of conditions rather than a single cause 1. Usher’s Syndrome a. Born ___deaf______ and later develop vision problems resulting in ____blindness__________ or near blindness. 2. Waardenburg’s Syndrome – Group of physical characteristics such as a. ______pigment disorder________ c. ___eyes of 2 different colors___ b. ______streak of white hair ______ d. ___may or may not be deaf__ AGE OF ONSET OF DEAFNESS: 1. Prelingual –Onset __prior to age 3_ – the child has not yet fully acquired its language 2. Postlingual – Onset occurs ___after age 3___ – child can talk and has learned language DEFINTIONS PERTAINING TO SOUND: 1. ____sound- begins with a vibrating source that causes __waves______ 2. Hertz or __frequency___ : a. The number of __waves___ that pass a given point in one __second____. 3. Pitch: are compared as "higher" and "lower" b. More waves = __higher __ pitch sound c. Fewer waves = ____lower______pitch sound 4. Decibel – abbreviated ____dB______________ : a. The ___loudness___ of sound b. dB scales begin at 0 dB, the _threshold (beginning)_ of hearing c. Each increase of 10 dB on the scale is actually a __ten_-fold increase in sound pressure. (Ex: 55 dB is Ten times as loud as 45 dB) HEARING TESTS: 1. Hearing test are measured on an ___audiogram_____, a chart showing the dB loss in both right & left ear. Cochlear Implants: 1. Cost is _$50,000-$100,000__(insurance my not pay or may only pay part) 2. Requires a commitment of ___speech therapy___________ for months/years 3. Do not replace ___normal__ hearing 4. Can be unsuccessful and result in surgical complications, infection, and even ___Death_________________ Deaf community has feared cochlear implant will cause the decline or disappearance of _____ASL language______ and ____Deaf Culture____ Hearing, the Ear and Cochlear Implant THE PATHWAY OF SOUND: 1. The _______________ or ______________ collects the sound. 2. Sound waves enter the outer ear through the _________________________ 3. These hit the _____________________________or ____________________________ causing it to vibrate. 4. Then the 3 small bones of the _____________________________ Chain are put in motion. a. The ____________________________________/_________________________ b. Next the ___________________/___________________________ c. Last, the ______________________/________________________ 5. The _____________ pushes on the fluid in the ____________________. 6. ______________________ inside the Cochlea are stimulated by pressure changes of the ________________in the inner ear. 7. This begins an _______________________________________ flowing to the __________________________ _______________________. 8. The auditory nerve transmits these _______________________ impulses to the ____________________ 9. Finally, the ______________ interprets/decodes the message. TWO MAIN TYPES OF HEARING LOSS:__________________________________ or______________________________ 1. Conductive Loss – hearing loss that occurs in the ______________ or _________________ear, __________________ sound transmission or conduction – to the inner ear: Can be caused by: a. _____________________________ b. __________________________________ c. _____________________________________________________________________ d. _____________________________________________________________________ Can be medically/surgically treated and often hearing can be _________________________. If normal can’t be restored ____________________________________maybe recommended. 2. Sensory-Neural Loss- hearing loss that occurs in the ________________ear – ________________ is permanent and irreversible. Sensory- neural loss can be caused by: a. _____________________________________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________________________________ c. _____________________________________________________________________ May be a candidate for _____________________________________________________. In _______ of the cases of those who are _______________ deaf, the problem is ________ the auditory nerve, but rather the hair cells in the inner ear are destroyed by: a._______________________ c._______________________ b. _______________________ d._______________________ e.___________________________________________________________ CAUSES OF HEARING LOSS: 1. Hereditary (genetic) a. Passed by ____________ or _____________ parents b. A ________________________________ carried by both parents can result in genetic trait being passed to the child. 2. Congenital – a. Present in the ____________ OR b. Occurs at _______________________________ . Can be due to 1. ____________________birth 2. ___________ Blood Incompatibility between mother & baby 3. Lack of _______________________ at birth 4. Use of _______________ during birth process 3. Acquired – a. Occurs some time _______________________________ for various reasons: 1._______________________________ 5. _______________________________ 2._______________________________ 6. _______________________________ 3._______________________________ 7. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________ HEREDITARY SYNDROMES: a syndrome is a group of conditions rather than a single cause 1. Usher’s Syndrome a. Born _______________ and later develop vision problems resulting in _______________________ or near blindness. 2. Waardenburg’s Syndrome – Group of physical characteristics such as a. _____________________________ c. _____________________________ b. _____________________________ d. _____________________________ AGE OF ONSET OF DEAFNESS: 1. Prelingual –Onset ________________________________ – the child has not yet fully acquired its language 2. Postlingual – Onset occurs __________________________ – child can talk and has learned language DEFINTIONS PERTAINING TO SOUND: 1. _________________begins with a vibrating source that causes __________________ 2. Hertz or _____________________ : a. The number of _______________ that pass a given point in one _______________. 3. Pitch: are compared as "higher" and "lower" a. More waves = _______________________ pitch sound b. Fewer waves = _______________________pitch sound 4. Decibel – abbreviated __________________ : a. The _________________________ of sound b. dB scales begin at 0 dB, the ________________________ of hearing c. Each increase of 10 dB on the scale is actually a __________-fold increase in sound pressure. (Ex: 55 dB is Ten times as loud as 45 dB) HEARING TESTS: 1. Hearing test are measured on an _______________________________, a chart showing the dB loss in both right & left ear. Cochlear Implants: 1. Cost is ____________________(insurance may not pay or may only pay part) 2. Requires a commitment of _______________________________________ for months/years 3. Do not replace ___________________ hearing 4. Can be unsuccessful and result in surgical complications, infections and even ____________________ Deaf community has feared cochlear implant will cause the decline or disappearance of ____________________________________ and _________________________________