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World War II Chapter 28 Part I (p. 623-627) Vocabulary: 1. dictator: ruler who has total control over his people 2. totalitarian: a government with total control over its people 3. aggression: a war-like act against another country without reason Review: 1. isolationism: policy of not being involved in foreign affairs 2. neutral: not taking sides Fill in the word or phrases that best completes the paragraph: In the 1930’s almost every country in the world was in a great depression. While President Roosevelt fought the Depression at home, some countries in Europe turned to dictators or rulers who have total control over their people to help them out of the Depression. A government that has total control over its citizens’ lives is called a totalitarian government. The United States didn’t pay a lot of attention to what was happening in Europe because we had so many economic problems of our own. We were in an isolationist mood which means we wanted to stay out of foreign affairs and just incase a war broke out in Europe. Congress passed the Neutrality Act to make sure we stayed neutral. 1 Dictators Of Europe Dictator Country Mussolini Italy Hitler Germany Party Fascist Beliefs/ Acts Give 5: Give 6: Give: 4 1.outlawed all political parties except his own 1.Germans were a superior race. 1. afraid of Hitler 2. no criticism of the gov’t 3.total obedience 4. controlled the press 5.wanted Italy to be like it was when Rome ruled the world. Nazi Stalin Soviet Union Communist 2. blamed Jews for Germany’s problems 3. said treaty of Versailles was unfair 4. controlled press, schools, and religion 5. built up the German military 6.said Germany had the right to expand 1922: he took total 1933: became head control in Italy of Germany 2.wanted to produce steel and oil so they could protect themselves from Germany 3.you are punished if you don’t obey the gov’t 4.you have to give up your farm and join a gov’t run collective farm You exist for the good of Russia 1935: led army into Ethiopia to end depression 2 Japan Hit hard by the Depression. 1930’s: military leaders took control in Japan 1931: attacked Manchuria (China) for more natural resources 1937: full scale attach on China 1941: Tojo took control 5. Many countries did not agree with Japan’s actions, but did nothing because of the Great Depression. 3 Place the following events on the timeline. Star all acts of appeasement and circle all acts of aggression. (626-627) Italy takes Ethiopia Japan takes Manchuria France and Britain declare war on Germany Hitler annexes Austria Germany invades Poland Hitler takes Rhineland Hitler takes Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) Hitler takes rest of Czechoslovakia Munich Conference (explain it) Nazi/Soviet pact (explain it) 1930 1931- Japan takes Manchuria* 1935- Italy takes Ethiopia* 1936- Hitler takes Rhineland* 1938- Hitler takes Austria* 1938- Hitler takes Sudetenland* 1938- Munich Conference- England and France let Hitler keep what land he had already taken if he promised not to take any more 1939- Hitler takes rest of Czechoslovakia* 1939- Nazi/Soviet pact- Hitler and Stalin promise not to attack each other, but to both attack Poland* 1939- Germany invades Poland* 1939- France and Britain declare war on Germany (9/3/39) Review: 4 Appeasement: giving in to keep the peace Aggression: a war like act against another country without reason 5 Label each incident to show what it is an example of: N= nationalist AL= alliances M= militarism I= imperialism T= totalitarian government AP= appeasement N 1. Mussolini tries to restore Italy to the grandeur of ancient Rome. T 2. Mussolini controlled the Italian press. I 3. Mussolini invaded Ethiopia. N/T 4. Italian students were taught to obey Mussolini. M 5. Hitler built up a huge army. T 6. Nazis controlled press, schools, and religion. N/I 7. Hitler said Germany had the right to expand to the east and retakes land lost by the Treaty of Versailles. N/I 8. Hitler annexed Austria. I/AL 9. Nazi-Soviet Pact. M 10. Stalin builds up his army in case of German aggression. AP 11. France and Great Britain give into Hitler to keep the peace. I 12. Japan takes over Manchuria. 6 World War II (p. 627- 631) Axis Powers 1. German 2. Italy 3. Japan Allied Powers 1. Britain 2. France 3. China 4.* USSR 5.* USA 6.* 41 other nations * joined later More aggression and More aggression Soviets take over 1. Finland 2. Estonia 3. Latvia 4. Lithuania Hitler takes over 1. Denmark 2. Norway 3. Netherlands 4. Belgium 5. France Blitzkrieg: lightning war- the way Hitler attacks fast By 1940 Britain was left along Europe to fight Hitler/Germany. Their prime minister was Winston Churchill. In 1940 the U.S. elected Franklin Roosevelt as President for the 3rd time. In 1941 Hitler broke his promise and attacked Stalin/USSR. What do you think? Should the U.S. help the Allies? Why? 7 America says we’re neutral, but we are helping the Allies: Cash and Carry Sales U.S. would sell weapons to the Allies if they pay cash for them and carry them in their own ships. 50 Year old Destroyers were given to England in exchange for a 99 year lease on military bases in the Caribbean Lend Lease Act Allowed FDR to sell or lend weapons to any country that might be hurt by the axis powers. What else makes it look like we’re thinking about war? 1. 2. Congress increased spending for the army and navy. A draft was set up. In 1941 FDR met with Winston Churchill. They discussed how the world should be when the war was over. Their hopes for peace were called the Atlantic Charter. 8 Meanwhile in Japan…. In 1940 Japan joined the Axis powers. They took over colonies that belonged to France and Holland. The U.S. shows it’s angry at Japan for being aggressive by cutting off the sale of oil and scrap metal to Japan. In November of 1941, the U.S. and Japan meet. Japan wants: the U.S. to sell them oil and scrap metal again. U.S. wants Japan to leave China and other islands it has taken over. Result of meeting: no compromise December 7, 1941: Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii December 8, 1941: U.S. declared war on Japan December 11, 1941: Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. The U.S. is now at WAR!!!!!!!!!!!! Home front notes: 9 World War II Winning the War (p. 635-643) I. When the U.S. entered the war the Allies were fighting the Axis on 3 fronts, in the Pacific, North Africa, and Europe. They decided to beat the Germany and Italy first. II. On the map of the Pacific: 1. Circle 8 places the Japanese had taken over. 2. Put a star on three islands the Allies won back in 1942. 3. Who was the U.S. commander in the Pacific? Douglass MacArthur III. On the Map of North Africa and Europe: 1. Show where Rommel and his German army were by writing Rommel’s name on the location. 2. Using a red arrow with Eisenhower’s name on it, show from what directions Eisenhower’s men came from and where they met Rommel. Add the date. 3. Follow Eisenhower’s route thru Sicily into Italy and up to Rome. Make a star on Rome because it’s now free of the Nazis. Add the date. 4. Draw a green arrow to show where the Russians pushed the German. Mark the arrow USSR. 5. Draw an blue arrow labeled Allies to show where the Allied troops left from on June 6, 1944 and where they landed. Write the date, code name, and leader in the space next to Britain. 6. Follow the Allies in blue to Paris. Star Paris and add the date. 7. Continue the blue arrow into Germany. Mark the Battle of the Bulge and the date (Belgium). 8. Continue the Allies’ arrow into Berlin. 9. Continue the green Russian arrow into Berlin. 10. Start Berlin. 11. Mark it with a Big VE Day!!! 10 12. Add the date. 13. Make a key. In 1944 FDR was elected again (4 times), however, he died in April, and Truman became President. When Germany surrendered, Hitler committed suicide. 11 The Pacific Now that the Allied had won in Europe, we had to turn our full attention to fighting in the Pacific. Our 2 main goals were: 1.win back the Philippines 2. invade Japan To achieve this goal we planned to “island hop”, which means capturing some Japanese held islands and going around others. Gen. MacArthur was in charge of American forces in the Pacific. Kamikaze: pilots who crashed their planes into American ships on suicide missions On the map of the Pacific: 1. Put a star on 3 islands the Allies won back from Japan. 2. Draw a few red ships to show where the allies were by the spring of 1945. 3. Potsdam Conference When: July 1945 Who: Truman, Churchill, Stalin Message sent to Japan: surrender or face utter and prompt destruction Japan ignored the message! 12 VJ Day August 6, 1945: Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima August 8, 1945: Soviet Union declares war on Japan August 9, 1945: U.S. drops second atomic bomb on Nagasaki August 14, 1945: Japan surrenders- VJ day- victory over Japan IT’S OVER!!! 13