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GLOBAL HISTORY 3 EXAM 2 February 21 2013 Answer Key The Treaty of Versailles angered many Germans after World Many historians believe that the harsh terms found in the War I because the treaty Treaty of Versailles helped lead to (1) divided Germany into Communist and non- Communist zones (1) Italy’s unification (2) made Germany restore its emperor (2) Turkey’s modernization (3) required all German-speaking Europeans to return to (3) revolutions in Russia Germany (4) World War II (4) forced Germany to pay large war reparations *under the Treaty of Versailles Germany took responsibility for causing WWI and therefore had to pay for the cost of the war (war reparations) which led to the economic decline of Germany Which political leader gained power as a result of the failing economy of the Weimar Republic? The 1930s depression in Germany contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party because (1) Adolf Hitler (3) Benito Mussolini (2) Francisco Franco (4) Charles de Gaulle (1) economic hardships increased political instability (2) five-year plans of the communists failed (3) the Reichstag nationalized private property (4) the Weimar Republic imposed totalitarianism *Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was established as the Weimar Republic (a democratic government), it did not last because of economic problems and the rise of Hitler Which sequence of events is in the correct chronological order? (1) rise of Nazism → Treaty of Versailles → German invasion of the Soviet Union (2) Treaty of Versailles → rise of Nazism → German invasion of the Soviet Union (3) German invasion of the Soviet Union → rise of Nazism → Treaty of Versailles (4) Treaty of Versailles →German invasion of the Soviet Union → rise of Nazism *depression: severe economic decline Which statement about the worldwide Depression of the 1930s is a fact rather than an opinion? (1) Political leaders should have prevented the Depression. (2) Germany was hurt more by the Treaty of Versailles than by the Depression. (3) The economic upheaval of the Depression had major political effects. (4) World War I was the only reason for the Depression. The German people were never more pitiable than when they stood by and watched this thing done. For the raiders who were let loose on the streets and given a day to sate [indulge] the lowest instincts of cruelty and revenge were indeed an enemy army. No foreign invader could have done more harm. This is Germany in the hour of her greatest defeat, the best overcome by the worst. While many protested at the outrages, and millions must have been sickened and shamed by the crimes committed in their name, many others looked on stolidly or approvingly while the hunters hunted and the wreckers worked. There are The leaders in this 1936 cartoon are depicted as stories of mothers who took their children to see the fun— “spineless” because they New York Times, November 12, 1938 (1) signed the Treaty of Versailles This 1938 passage criticizes those German people (2) wanted to avoid global conflict at any cost who did not (3) depended on economic measures to stop aggression (1) participate in these demonstrations (4) recognized the communist government in the Soviet (2) condemn the violent acts of Kristallnacht Union (3) support the government’s policy in Austria (4) resist the war effort What was one geographic characteristic of Germany that influenced the outcomes of both World War I and World War II? (1) Mountainous topography protected Germany from the opposing side. (2) A lack of navigable rivers in Germany slowed transportation. (3) Excellent harbors allowed Germany to defeat Great Britain’s naval forces. (4) Its central location in Europe resulted in Germany having to fight on two fronts. The rise of fascism in Germany between World War I and World War II is often associated with the (1) promotion of ethnic diversity (2) appeal of the doctrine of nonviolence (3) establishment of a strong parliamentary system (4) impact of the global economic depression During World War II, the importance of the D-Day invasion of 1944 was that it (1) forced Germany to fight on multiple fronts (2) made Germany move their military to the Russian front (3) ended the bombing of Germany (4) demonstrated German military dominance Japan’s invasion of Manchuria, Italy’s attack on Ethiopia, and Germany’s blitzkrieg in Poland are examples of (1) military aggression (3) containment (2) appeasement (4) the domino theory One similarity in the actions of Benito Mussolini and Saddam Hussein is that both (1) established a democratic form of government (2) denied individual rights (3) expanded the power of labor unions (4) sought a classless society World War I, Russian Revolution 1. One reason the League of Nations failed as a world organization was that it (1) supported the rise of fascist states (2) lacked a military force to settle conflicts (3) dealt with conflict by establishing naval blockades (4) encouraged the annexation of territory by Force 2. Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points influenced many colonial peoples in Asia and Africa to (1) create military alliances (2) seek self-determination (3) reject terrorism (4) extend extraterritoriality 4. One goal of the League of Nations was to (1) promote peaceful relations worldwide (2) stimulate the economy of Europe (3) bring World War I to an end (4) encourage a strong alliance system 5. Under communism in the former Soviet Union, people were required to (1) reject modern technology (2) limit the size of their families (3) honor their ancestors and religious traditions (4) put the interests of the state before individual gain The 1930s depression in Germany contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party because (1) economic hardships increased political instability (2) five-year plans of the communists failed (3) the Reichstag nationalized private property (4) the Weimar Republic imposed totalitarianism 7. The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia was caused in part by (1) a forced famine in Ukraine (2) the failure of Czar Nicholas II to come to Serbia’s aid (3) a shortage of military supplies and food during World War I (4) the establishment of Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) 8. The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente contributed to the start of World War I by (1) failing to include Germany and France as members (2) threatening countries in the Western Hemisphere (3) allowing Japanese aggression in Korea (4) increasing tensions between European Countries 10. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died as a result of (1) the intifada (3) a forced famine (2) glasnost (4) trench warfare 11. • Five-year plans • Collectivization of agriculture • Great Purge Which individual is associated with all these policies? (1) Adolf Hitler (3) Deng Xiaoping (2) Joseph Stalin (4) Jawaharlal Nehru 15. An incompetent government, massacres on Bloody Sunday, and the high costs of World War I were causes of the (1) Mexican Revolution (2) Boxer Rebellion (3) Sepoy Mutiny (4) Russian Revolution 18. What was a major cause of World War I? (1) rebellions in colonial lands in Africa and Asia (2) expansion of communism into western Europe (3) militarism in the nations of Europe (4) inability of the League of Nations to keep the Peace The workers in industrial countries must create a revolution, overthrow the existing governments using force if necessary, and then create a new classless society. This statement expresses the views of (1) Mikhail Gorbachev (3) Karl Marx (2) Jomo Kenyatta (4) Kemal Atatürk What is a major belief associated with Marxism? (1) The proletariat would rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie. (2) Religion should be more important than political forces. (3) Private ownership of property should be expanded. (4) Peasants would gain control of overseas markets. 21. A key idea in the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels is that workers should support the (1) overthrow of the capitalist system (2) establishment of labor unions (3) legislative regulation of wages and working conditions (4) technological changes in production methods 24. What was a direct result of World War I? (1) Nicholas II was named czar of Russia. (2) Germany lost its colonies in Africa and Asia. (3) Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a terrorist. (4) The Ottoman Empire expanded. Which action contributed to the success of Lenin’s communist revolution in Russia? (1) Peasants were promised land reform. (2) Businessmen were encouraged to form monopolies. (3) Landowners were offered tax relief. (4) Factory workers were required to start small businesses. RENAISSANCE, REFORMATION, ABSOLUTISM, INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, ENLIGHTENMENT REVOLUTIONS, IMPERIALISM, NATIONALISM 25. Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two 33. Oliver Cromwell led the Puritan Revolution in Treatises of Government? England in response to the (1) A government’s power comes from the consent of (1) passage of the Bill of Rights (2) autocratic rule of the king the people. (2) Predestination will determine who will go to heaven. (3) implementation of mercantilism (3) Famine, disease, and conflict are natural checks on (4) defeat of the Spanish Armada population growth. (4) The have-nots will rise up and overthrow the government of the haves. 26. Which region’s colonial class structure included 34. A major reason the Industrial Revolution developed peninsulares, creoles, and mestizos? in Great Britain in the 1700s was because of Great (1) western Europe (3) East Asia Britain’s (2) sub-Saharan Africa (4) Latin America (1) geographic features (2) immigration policies (3) use of collectivization (4) access to imported oil 27. The mass emigration of the Irish in the mid-19th 35. One impact Gutenberg’s printing press had on century was primarily a result of western Europe was (1) mandatory military service (1) the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas (2) famine (2) a decrease in the number of universities (3) civil war (3) a decline in literacy (4) farm mechanization (4) the unification of the Holy Roman Empire 1/12#16 28. Which idea is correctly paired with a document 36. Many Enlightenment philosophers used reason to that supports it? (1) reinforce traditional beliefs (1) colonialism — The Prince (2) strengthen religious authority (2) militarism — Sadler Report (3) reveal natural laws (3) capitalism — Wealth of Nations (4) encourage censorship (4) monotheism — The Communist Manifesto 37. Humanism during the Italian Renaissance was focused on (1) the affairs of the church (2) self-sufficiency (3) the importance of the individual (4) political theories 29. Which title best completes this graphic organizer? (1) Reasons for Latin American Independence Movements (2) Impact of the Scientific Revolution (3) Causes of the Industrial Revolution (4) Results of Nationalism in Europe 30. One way in which Akbar the Great, Ivan the Terrible, 38. Japan began an aggressive policy of imperialism and Louis XIV are similar is that they were all in the late 19th and early 20th centuries because Japan (1) theocratic rulers (3) absolute rulers (1) needed raw materials for its factories (2) elected leaders (4) enlightened despots (2) hoped to spread Shinto (3) sought Western technology (4) wanted revenge for the Opium Wars 31. One reason for Japan’s rapid industrialization during the Meiji Restoration was that Japan had (1) rejected Western ideas (2) used its access to the sea for fishing (3) relied on traditional isolationist policies (4) reformed its political and economic systems 32. The Berlin Conference in 1884 was significant because it (1) promoted Belgium as a world power (2) established rules for the European division of Africa (3) called for a war against England (4) ensured ethnic harmony in the Middle East What was a key characteristic of an absolute monarchy in the 16th and 17th centuries? (1) centralized governmental authority (2) increased political rights for peasants and serfs (3) freedom of religion (4) a system of checks and balances 39. • Appointment of Otto von Bismarck as Chancellor • Austro-Prussian War, 1866 • Franco-Prussian War, 1870–1871 These events led directly to (1) the unification of Germany (2) foreign rule in Italy (3) the rebellion of the Sepoys (4) an alliance between Serbs and Russians 40. One goal of the Congress of Vienna was to (1) establish a new balance of power in Europe (2) protect Europe from Ottoman advances (3) end abuses within the Catholic Church (4) redraw the boundaries of Africa Under the Old Regime in France, the burden of taxation fell mostly on the (1) monarchy (3) nobles (2) clergy (4) commoners GLOBAL HISTORY 1 REVIEW ON BELIEF SYSTEMS Which concept is illustrated in the diagram? (1) manorialism (2) apartheid (3) caste (4) encomienda Which religion or belief system is most closely associated with the social class system illustrated in the diagram? (1) Hinduism (2) Daoism (3) Catholicism (4) animism The religious terms Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, and nirvana are most closely associated with (1) Judaism (2) Islam (3) Shintoism (4) Buddhism Which belief system is considered monotheistic? (1) Jainism (2) Daoism (3) Judaism (4) Shinto Which philosophy is most closely associated with the development of the Chinese civil service system? (1) legalism (3) Daoism (2) Buddhism (4) Confucianism Which factor most influenced a person’s social position in early Indian societies? (1) education (2) birth (3) geographic location (4) individual achievement The illustration shows the relationship between individuals in a society according to the ideas of (1) Confucius (3) Moses (2) Mohammad (4) Siddhartha Gautama Which practice is most closely associated with a person of the Islamic faith? (1) refraining from eating meat on Fridays (2) praying five times a day (3) following the Eightfold Path The terms Brahma, dharma, and moksha are most closely associated with which religion? (1) Judaism (3) Hinduism (2) Islam (4) animism Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to (1) believe in reincarnation (2) strive for nirvana (3) follow a code of behavior (4) practice polytheism • Showing respect for parents • Maintaining family honor • Honoring all elders Which term is most closely related to these three actions? (1) nirvana (2) animism (3) filial piety (4) hadj (hajj)