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Transcript
EOC EARTH SCIENCE RELEASED TEST ITEMS REPORTING CATEGORY: ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE 4 DIRECTIONS Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. A light-year measures — A B C D 5 The numerous rocks orbiting the sun between Jupiter and Mars are — A B C D 6 1 A star might be much brighter than it appears to be. This is called the star’s absolute magnitude. The difference in apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude is due primarily to the star’s — A B C D 2 About how long does it take the Earth to make one complete rotation on its axis? A B C D 3 surface temperature motion through the universe diameter distance from the Earth _ One day _ One week One month One year Which planet is often called “Earth’s twin” because it is similar in mass and diameter to the Earth? A B C D Mars Mercury Venus _ Pluto brightness distance _ radiation time comets asteroids _ meteorites satellites The Southern Hemisphere is warmer in January than in July because — A it is experiencing summer _ B the cold winds are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere C the sun puts out more energy D the hole in the ozone layer allows more heat into the atmosphere 7 Which diagram represents the placement of the sun, Earth, and moon during a lunar eclipse? Astronomy & Space Science Page 2 8 11 The sun emits energy by converting hydrogen into helium. What is this process called? A B C D Fusion _ Fission Sunspot formation Solar wind 12 The pole star, Polaris, is nearly stationary and straight overhead when seen from the North Pole. When viewed from the Equator, it — What is the first stage in the life cycle of a star? A B C D Black hole Dwarf star Main-sequence star Stellar nebula _ A is nearly stationary and on the horizon_ B is nearly stationary and directly overhead C rises barely above the eastern horizon, moves along the southern horizon, and sets in the West D rises straight up in the East, passes directly overhead, and descends straight down in the West 13 Parallax can be used to measure a star’s— 9 Saturn’s volume is 762 times the volume of Earth, and yet its mass is only about 95 times that of Earth’s mass. This is due to Saturn’s — A B C D low density _ temperature thousands of rings distance from the sun 10 The first manned-mission to land on the moon was commanded by Neil Armstrong and was called — A B C D Apollo 11 _ Gemini 3 Viking 2 Mariner 7 A B C D distance from Earth _ atmospheric temperature gravitational strength surface composition 14 Orbital velocity is the average speed of a planet moving through space in its orbit around the sun. Which of the following planets has the fastest orbital velocity? A B C D Mercury _ Jupiter Mars Pluto Astronomy & Space Science 15 Page 3 18 A person weighs more on the Earth than on the moon because the Earth has a greater — A density B atmospheric pressure C magnetic strength D gravitational pull _ 19 Which layer of the sun is the most dense? A B C D Chromosphere Photosphere Core _ Corona 16 Periodically, there are spectacular meteor showers on Earth. These showers usually occur because the Earth’s orbit passes through the remains of — A B C D a star a comet _ solar flares the rings of Saturn 17 When Venus passes between the Earth and the sun, it is visible as a tiny black dot on the sun’s bright disk. Why is Mars never visible in this same way? A The orbit of Mars is more eccentric than that of Venus. B The orbit of Mars is outside that of the Earth’s orbit. _ C Mars is too small to be seen against the backdrop of the sun. D Mars shines too brightly to be visible against the sun. Which of these elements does this star contain? A B C D Mercury Calcium _ Sodium Neon 20 Which of these causes days and nights? A The orbit of the Earth around the sun B The revolution of the moon around the Earth C The rotation of the moon on its axis D The rotation of the Earth on its axis Astronomy & Space Science 21 Which of these facts is the best supporting evidence that the universe is expanding? Page 4 25 A The stars vary in chemical composition. B The galaxies are moving away from each other. _ C The galaxies can spin to form eddies. D The universe is filled with galaxies of different sizes. 22 When the Earth is at its greatest distance from the sun, its Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, as shown in the drawing. What season takes place in the Southern Hemisphere at this time? A B C D Which of the above evolutionary stages of a massive star is called a supernova? A B C D 1 2 3 4_ 23 Photographs of the surface of Mars reveal the presence of sand dunes that shift over time. These dunes demonstrate the presence of what phenomenon on Mars? A B C D 26 Because of the unique position of the Earth in the solar system, life has flourished due to the presence of — A helium B volcanoes C liquid water D salt 27 Precipitation Winds _ Magnetic pole reversals Plate tectonics 24 Which planet in the solar system has an orbit so eccentric that it crosses the orbit of another planet? A B C D Spring Summer Autumn Winter _ Mars Mercury Jupiter Pluto _ At what position would Earth be found in the solar system diagram shown above? A B C D 1 2 3 4 Astronomy & Space Science 28 What element is the main component of most stars? A B C D Nitrogen Iron Hydrogen Oxygen 29 Why do stars appear to change position during the night? A Earth rotates on its axis. B Earth revolves around the sun. C The stars are moving away from each other. D Stars are very far away from the solar system. 30 Why does erosion not occur on the moon? A The rock surface of the moon is too hard. B There is no animal life. C There is no wind or rain. D The gravitational pull of the moon is too weak. 31 Which planet has a fierce hurricane-like storm that is several times the size of Earth? A B C D Mars Venus Saturn Jupiter Page 5 32 In 1912, an astronomer at Arizona’s Lowell Observatory noticed that the lines in the spectra of most galaxies shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. Another American astronomer, Edwin Hubble, later interpreted this discovery as evidence that — A galaxies were once part of one huge megagalaxy B an explosion will one day result from the pressure building as the galaxies expand C galaxies are moving away from each other in a constantly expanding universe D the largest galaxies are slowly engulfing their smaller neighbors 33 What process has occurred when atoms combine to form a new element and release energy? A B C D Fusion Fission Hydrogenation Ionization Astronomy & Space Science Page 6 VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING ASSESSMENTS RELEASED TEST -– EARTH SCIENCE ANSWER KEY Number Answer Category Reporting Category Description 1 D 004 Astronomy and Space Science 2 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science 3 C 004 Astronomy and Space Science 4 B 004 Astronomy and Space Science 5 B 004 Astronomy and Space Science 6 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science 7 C 004 Astronomy and Space Science 8 D 004 Astronomy and Space Science 9 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science 10 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science 11 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science 12 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science 13 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science 14 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science 15 C 004 Astronomy and Space Science 16 B 004 Astronomy and Space Science 17 B 004 Astronomy and Space Science 18 D 004 Astronomy and Space Science 19 B 004 Astronomy and Space Science 20 D 004 Astronomy and Space Science 21 B 004 Astronomy and Space Science 22 D 004 Astronomy and Space Science 23 B 004 Astronomy and Space Science 24 D 004 Astronomy and Space Science 25 D 003 Astronomy and Space Science Astronomy & Space Science Page 7 Number Answer Category Reporting Category Description 26 C 004 Astronomy and Space Science 27 B 004 Astronomy and Space Science 28 C 004 Astronomy and Space Science 29 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science 30 C 004 Astronomy and Space Science 31 D 004 Astronomy and Space Science 32 C 004 Astronomy and Space Science 33 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science