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4. EMC measurement methods 1 EMC measurement methods Why EMC standard measurement methods Check EMC compliance of ICs, equipments and systems Comparison of EMC performances between different products, different technologies, designs, PCB routings Improve interaction between customers and providers (same protocols, same set-up) 2 Emission measurement methods Emission – General measurement set-up Control Acquisition Radiated or conducted coupling Acquisition system 50Ω adapted path Device under test Coupling device Coupling network Antennas Wave guide Spectrum analyzer EMI receiver Oscilloscope Emission requirements verified ? 3 Emission measurement methods International standards for IC emission measurement methods IEC 61967-2 (TEM : 1GHz) IEC 61967-3/6 (Near field scan, 5GHz) IEC 61967-4 (1/150 ohm, 1 GHz) IEC 61967-5 (WBFC, 1 GHz) IEC 61967-7 (Mode Stirred Chamber: 18 GHz) IEC 61967-2 (GTEM 18 GHz) 4 Emission measurement methods GTEM cell : radiated emission up to 18 GHz foam absorber 50 Ohms resistive load septum Emission spectrum test board 5 Emission measurement methods IEC 61967-4 International Standard : 1/150 Ohm method IC 1ohm Spectrum Analyser Complex implementation with multiple power pins 6 Emission measurement methods IEC 61967-3 International Standard : Near field scan Y axis Microcontroller - 32 MHz scan High dBµV X axis Low freq 32MHz 7 Emission measurement methods IEC 61967-3 International Standard : Silicon scan E C T P W M MSCAN EE 1K A T D 1 A T D 0 Power rails Hx Probe 28K FEEPROM 32K FEEPROM Priviledged current measurement MI BUS MSI Power rails RAM 2K K IN W BDM T U MMI LIM D60 CPU 12 W BKP MEBI C CGM R 8 Immunity measurement methods Immunity – General measurement set-up Injected level Extraction Disturbance generation 50Ω adapted path Failure detection Radiated or conducted coupling Harmonic signal Coupling device Coupling network Transients Antennas Burst Wave guide Immunity requirements verified ? Device under test 9 Immunity measurement methods International standards for IC susceptibility measurement methods IEC 62132-2 (Bulk Current Injection : 1 GHz) IEC 62132-3 (Direct Power Inj 1GHz) IEC 62132-4 (TEM/GTEM) IEC 62132-5 (WBFC 1 GHz) New proposal: (LIHA : 10 GHz) Still research: (NFS 10 GHz) 10 Immunity measurement methods IEC 62132-3 International Standard : Direct Power Injection Signal generator Oscilloscope Device under test Coupling Capacitance IEEE Bus 10W Amplifier DUT Dout Printed Circuit Board Good signal or Failure signal Power increase loop until failure PC Monitoring Frequency loop 1 MHz – 3 GHz 11 Immunity measurement methods IEC 62132-2 International Standard : Bulk Current Injection Parasitic current CAN Bus Fault DUT Normal current RF power Measured current Microcontroler Inductive coupling to the network Parasitic current injected on the chip Limited to 1 GHz 12 EMC equipments Vector Network Analyzer 10 GHz (100 K€) Amplifier 3 GHz 100W (60 K€) Signal Synthesizer 6 GHz (20 K€) Expensive …. Complete EMC laboratory : 500 K€ Spectrum analyzer 40 GHz (40 K€) GTEM cell 18 GHz (15 K€) 13 5. EMC models 14 Models – What for ? IC designers want to predict EMC prior fabrication Noise margin Voltage bounce on Vdd IC designers want to predict power integrity and EMI during design cycle to avoid redesign EMC models and prediction tools have to be integrated to their design flows 15 Models – What for ? Equipment designers want to predict EMC before fabrication © Siemens Automotive Toulouse Most of the time, EMC measurements are performed once the equipment is built. No improvements can be done at conception phase. Predict EMC performances IC, board, equipment optimizations 16 EMC of IC models EMC Models depends on the targeted complexity and the confidentiality. Level 0 V(f), 100 Z(f) 10 Equipment V, Z Board 101 dipoles Dipoles Component ICEM 101 R,L,C,I LEECS Physical 102 R,L,C,I Expo low medium 104 R,L,C,I PowerSI high spice x-high 106 R,L,C,I Complexity Confidentiality 17