Download What is the net result of the proton-proton chain? a. 2 protons make

What is the net result of the proton-proton chain?
a. 2 protons make deuterium + a neutrino
b. 2 heliums are fused into 1 carbon, 1 neutrino
+ energy
c. 4 hydrogens are fused into 1 helium, 2
neutrinos + energy
d. 2 hydrogens and 1 helium are fused into 1
carbon + energy
e. 3 helium-4 fuse to make carbon-12
By what mechanism does solar energy reach the
Sun’s photosphere from the layer just below it?
a. Differentiation
b. Ionization
c. Radiation
d. Convection
e. Conduction
The number of sunspots and their activity peak
about every:
a. 36 days
b. Six months
c. year
d. eleven years
e. 76 years
From where does most of the solar wind flow?
a. Granules
b. Sunspots
c. Flares
d. Prominences
e. Coronal holes
What is the meaning of the “solar constant”?
a. The Sun’s position in the Milky Way is
central and immobile
b. The regularity of the solar cycle has not
changed since Galileo
c. The size of the Sun never changes
d. The solar energy reaching Earth per unit area
per unit time
e. Like Venus, the surface appearance of the Sun
is featureless
The Sun spins on its axis roughly once each:
a. Hour
b. Day
c. Month
d. Year
e. Eleven years
The light we see from the Sun comes from which
layer?
a. Photosphere
b. Troposphere
c. Corona
d. Chromosphere
e. Ionosphere
The temperature of the layer that produces the
visible light of the Sun is:
a. 300,000 K
c
d
d
e
d
c
a
e
b. 12,300 K
c. 15 million K
d. 3,500 K
e. 5,800 K
The absolute magnitude of a star is its brightness as
seen from a distance of:
a. One million kilometers
b. One astronomical unit (AU)
c. One light year
d. Ten parsecs
e. Ten light years
What are the two most important intrinsic properties
used to classify stars:
a. Mass and age
b. Luminosity and surface temperature
c. Distance and luminosity
d. Distance and surface temperature
e. Distance and color
Stars that have masses similar to the Sun and sizes
similar to the Earth are:
a. Main sequence stars
b. White dwarfs
c. Red giants
d. Horizontal branch dwarfs
e. Brown dwarfs
What property of the stars in a binary system can be
determined by knowing the period of the stars’
common orbit and the distance between them?
a. Their apparent brightness
b. Their absolute magnitudes
c. Their densities
d. Their masses
e. Their temperatures
Giant and supergiant stars exceed most other stars
in :
a. Surface temperature only
b. Luminosity only
c. Radius only
d. Both radius and luminosity
e. Both surface temperature and luminosity
A nearby star has a parallax of 0.2 arc seconds.
What is its distance?
a. 0.1 parsec
b. 0.5 parsec
c. 5.0 parsecs
d. 50 parsecs
e. 0.2 parsecs
What physical property of a star does spectral type
measure?
a. Density
b. Luminosity
c. Composition
d. Temperature
e. Mass
What is the typical main sequence lifetime of a G-
d
b
b
d
d
c
d
e
type star?
a. 1 billion years
b. 100 million years
c. 10 million years
d. 100 billion years
e. 10 billion years
What effect does dust have on visible light passing
through it?
a. It dims and reddens it
b. It completely blocks all visible light from
passing through
c. All light is turned bluish in color
d. It makes the light from stars appear to twinkle
e. It ionizes the light and creates emission lines
Interstellar gas is composed mainly of:
a. Hydrogen
b. Helium
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Methane
e. Ammonia
Some regions of the Milky Way appear dark
because:
a. There are no stars there
b. Stars in that direction are obscured by
interstellar gas
c. Stars in that direction are obscured by
interstellar dust
d. The magnetic field has directed the polarized
light away from these regions
e. There are numerous black holes there that
capture all of the star light behind them
Why is 21-cm radiation so important to the study of
interstellar matter and the Galaxy?
a. It helps locate the galactic core in Orion
b. Emitted by hydrogen, it passes through
interstellar dust and lets us map the entire
Galaxy
c. Emitted by carbon dioxide, it passes through
interstellar gas and lets us see places rich in
organic molecules around the Galaxy
d. It is emitted by most stars, enabling
astronomers to map the stellar content of the
Galaxy
e. It is emitted only in hot regions of star
formation, so the pattern of the spiral arms in
the Galaxy can be mapped
What makes the subject of star formation and
evolution so difficult to study?
a. It is so slow that no visible proof exists
b. Star formation, in particular, is too expensive
to study in detail
c. Stars live too long to study them from birth to
death
d. Clouds, fragments, protostars, stars, and
nebulae all interact and influence each other
e. Shock waves disrupt the orderly evolution of
a
a
c
b
c
stars
Evidence for stellar evolution comes from:
a. Studies of molecules at close to absolute zero
b. Tracking one star through time
c. Plotting stars as they move about on the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
d. Studying different objects at different stages
and piecing together an evolutionary picture
e. Observations of dark and emission nebulae
Why are star clusters almost ideal “laboratories” for
stellar studies?
a. All stars in the cluster are the same size and
luminosity
b. Their combined light makes them much easier
to spot from a distance
c. Stars in cluster have the same age, similar
compositions, and are essentially at the same
distance
d. Stars in clusters are all relatively young and
therefore shine brightly
e. Like our Sun, stars in clusters are always
located in the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy
On the H-R diagram of clusters, which statement is
NOT true?
a. For young clusters, almost every star is still
on the main sequence
b. The brightest stars in old globular clusters are
red giants
c. The open clusters have as many members as
the globular clusters, but spread their
members stars over a much larger volume
d. The turn-off point will be lower down the
main sequence for older clusters
e. We now observe the recent formation of open
clusters, not globular clusters, in the Galaxy
What inevitably forces a star like the Sun to evolve
away from the main sequence?
a. The core begins fusing iron
b. The star uses up all of its supply of hydrogen
c. The carbon detonation explodes it as a type I
supernova
d. Helium builds up in the core, while the
hydrogen burning shell expands
e. The core loses all its neutrinos, so all fusion
ceases
The order of evolutionary stages of a star like the
Sun would be Main Sequence, Giant, Planetary
Nebula, and finally:
a. Hypernova
b. Neutron Star
c. White Dwarf
d. Nova
e. Black Hole
What is used, observationally, to determine the age
of a star cluster?
d
c
c
d
c
c
a.
Radioactive dating of isotopes seen in the
spectra
b. The number of main sequence stars
c. The luminosity at the main-sequence turnoff
d. The ratio of the number of giants to
supergiants
e. The number of white dwarf
A surface explosion on a white dwarf , caused by
falling matter from the atmosphere of its binary
companion, creates what kind of object?
a. Hypernova
b. Nova
c. Gamma- ray burster
d. Type I supernova
e. Type II supernova
The Chandrasekhar limit for the mass of a white
dwarf is:
a. 0.08 solar masses
b. 0.4 solar masses
c. 1.4 solar masses
d. 3 solar masses
e. 8 solar masses
An iron core cannot support a star because:
a. Iron is the heaviest element, and sinks upon
differentiation
b. Iron has poor nuclear binding energy
c. Iron cannot fuse with other nuclei to produce
energy
d. Iron supplies too much pressure
e. Iron is in the form of a gas, not a solid, in the
center of a star
What is the only way that a white dwarf can
suddenly explode in a type I supernova?
a. If it is a detached binary with a red supergiant
b. If another star collides with it, such as with
the blue stragglers
c. If it passes through a large, dense dust cloud
d. If it is a member of a mass-transfer binary
e. If it finally cools off to under 2,000 K and
collapses as a black dwarf
A star spends most of its life as a:
a. Protostar
b. Main sequence star
c. Planetary nebula
d. Red giant or supergiant
e. T Tauri variable star
What evidence is there that supernova really have
occurred?
a. The Crab Nebula
b. Supernova remnants
c. Existence of heavy radioactive elements in
nature
d. Observations of the actual explosions
e. All of the above
Of the common elements in your body, the only one
b
c
c
d
b
e
a
NOT formed in stellar nucleosynthesis is:
a. Hydrogen
b. Carbon
c. Oxygen
d. Calcium
e. Iron
The Schwarzschild radius for a three solar mass
black hole is:
a. About three meters
b. About 9 kilometers
c. About the size of the Earth
d. About the size of Jupiter
e. Larger than our Sun
What is the name of the most famous black hole
candidate?
a. Betelgeuse
b. Scorpio X-1
c. Cygnus X-1
d. Sagittarius A
e. Centaurus A
The vast majority of pulsars are known only from
their pulses in:
a. Radio waves
b. Microwaves
c. Visible light
d. X rays
e. Gamma rays
An object more massive than the Sun, but roughly
the size of a city, is a:
a. Supernova remnant
b. White dwarf
c. Brown dwarf
d. Red dwarf
e. Neutron star
Which of the following can actually escape from
inside a black hole’s event horizon?
a. Very high energy gamma rays
b. Gravitons
c. Electrons
d. Neutrinos
e. None of the above
What explanation does general relativity provide
for gravity?
a. Gravity is inversely proportional to the radius
of the body
b. Gravity can affect only massive particles, not
massless photons
c. Gravity is directly proportional to the mass of
the attracting body
d. Gravity is the opposite of the electromagnetic
force
e. Gravity is the result of curved spacetime
Table 1. Sorting Table for Questions
1
b
c
a
e
e
e
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Table 2. Numbers for questions