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Recycled water treatment processes Untreated wastewater Wastewater going to treatment plants is more than 99% water. It comes from bathrooms, kitchens, laundries and businesses. Primary treatment This step removes large solid particles from wastewater using screening, grit removal and sedimentation. Secondary treatment Disinfection Smaller particles and dissolved pollutants remain after primary treatment. ‘Good’ bacteria feed on and clean up organic particles and nutrients. Other typical treatment processes may include aeration, settling, clarification and chemical treatment. This is the last step for all types of recycled water. The water is disinfected by chlorination and/or ultra violet light, depending on the end use. This type of recycled water can be used for timed irrigation. Tertiary treatment Tertiary treatment This type of highly treated recycled water is suitable for many uses including irrigation, in industry and for watering gardens and flushing toilets. Deep sand beds are used to filter out nearly all remaining organic particles and suspended material. Advanced treatment This step may include microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. These filters are so fine they can trap particles smaller than a millionth of a metre. Secondary treatment Advanced treatment pH The recycled water is now ready for its intended use. This type of highly treated recycled water is for specialised uses such as some manufacturing processes and for river flows.