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CAD Inherited Real Risk: Nosography and Therapy. The Concept of Angiobiopathy (by Sergio Stagnaro*) Introduction. Mutations in parenchimal cell n-DNA and mit-DNA are the the conditio sine qua non of the most common human disorders, like diabetes and cancer, today’s epidaemics (1-17). In fact, all these diseases are based on a particular congenital, functional, mithocondrial cytopathy, transmitted through mother, I termed Congenital Acidosic Enzyme-Metabolic Histangiopathy, CAEMH (1, 13, 14). In addition, parenchymal gene mutations cause local microcirculatory remodelling, doctor can evaluate at the bedside in a reliable manner, gathering indirect information on relative parenchymal cell inherited modifications, since biological system functional modifications parallel gene mutation , according to Angiobiopathy theory (1,18, 19). Nosography of CAD Inherited Real Risk. In presence of intense CAEMH in a well-defined myokardial area, involved by gene mutations in both n-DNA and mit-DNA, can brings about CAD Real Risk, charcaterized by microcirculatory remodelling from biophysical-semeiotic viewpoint, especially intense under environmental risk factors (1, 6, 7, 16). Such as congenital microvascular remodelling, including also vasa vasorum of large coronary arteries, show since birth interesting structures, i.e., newborn-pathological, type I, subtype b), Endoarteriolar Blocking Devices, EBD, localized in small arteries, according to Hammersen, I discovered (See also www.semeioticabiofisica.it/microangiologia). Interestingly, CAD Inherited Real Risk is associated to endothelial dysfunction (there are mitochondria also in endothels, although in small amount), doctor can bedside assess in easy and reliable way, at rest as well as under stress tests (1-10, 18, 19). As a consequence of above, briefly referred remaks, physicians are able nowadays to demonstrate the presence of typical pathological EBDs in coronary microvessel, which play a central role in CAD Inherited Real Risk. First of all, in health, due to the non local realm, present in all biological systems beside the local realm (20, 21), as I demonstrated earlier (2-25), “intense” digital pressure on cutaneous projection area of the hearth (precordium) (= activation of the local microcirculatory blood-flow, according to type I) do not provoke “simultaneously” aspecific gastric reflex, which occurs exactly after 16 sec. of latency time (1-5, 20, 21). On the contrary, in case of CAD Real Risk, under the indentical experimental condition, referred above, doctor observes a gastric aspecific reflex “simoultaneous to intense digital pressure”, whose intensity parallels the seriousness of underlying disorder. Fig. 1 Aspecific Gastric Reflex:in the stomach, both body and fundus are dileted, whereas antel-pyloric regions contracts. As a matter of facts, the hearth-aspecific reflex, reliable and easy to apply, brought about by “meanintense” digital stimulation of cardiac trigger-points (precordium), appears after 8 sec. physiological latency time, but lasting 4 sec. (NN = less tha 4 sec.): this is an important parameter value, corresponding to Microcirculatory Functional Reserve (MFR) activity of related coronary microvessel, thus correlated with the function and anathomy of the microcirculatory bed, or more precisely speaking, microvascular tissular-unit. In fact, hearth-aspecific gastric reflex, when pathologically lasting 4 sec. or more (NN less than 4 sec.), indicates local microcirculatory remodelling, and thus MFR impairment due to newbornpathological, type I, subtype b), aspecific, EBD, which reduce tissue oxygenation, through lowering microcirculatory blood-flow. Reliable and precise information is provided by hearth preconditioning in both its Inherited Real Risk and in very initial stage of CAD (6, 11), not to speak of clinical microcirculatory analysis, which needs a thorough knowledge of the original methods (www.semeioticabiofisica.it/microangiologia). Discussion. From the above remarks, Angiobiopathy theory results once again corroborated. As a matter of fact, according to this theory, which carries out Tischendorf’s Angiobiotopy, every inherited pathological condition of every parenchyma associates since birth with a subsequent modification of related microcirculatory bed, so that microcirculatory remodelling give reliable information on related parenchymal cells. First of all, analogously to all other biological systems, appears the finctional alteration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, i.e., CAEMH), after that, come congenital gene mutations (n-DNA and mit-DNA) in myocardial cells, which cause biological alterations, and thus local microcirculatory remodelling, associated with endothelial dysfunction. Notoriously, negative environmental risk factors can worsen already present dangerous effects of such as gene inherited modifications (inherited real risk), but cannot independently bring about them directly. Undoubtadly, metabolic syndrome (MS) is major target in Primary Prevention of today’s epidaemias: diabetes, dyslipidaemias, hypertension, a.s.o. However, we have firstly to remember beside "classic" form of MS also the "variant" one, I described earlier with a clinical method, conditio sine qua non of lithyasis (1-8) (See http://www.semeioticabiofisica.it and http://www.semeioticabiofisica.it/microangiologia.it). In addition, I described the Pre-Metabolic Syndrome (classic and "variant", of course) that follows biophysical-semeiotic constitutions, and comes for the MS, years or decades long: "Pre-Metabolic Stage" represents the LOCUS of primary prevention (1-6). Finally, the above remarks account for the reason that only in some cases of MS, but not in ALL, there is diabetes, which is absent in a second subgroup of individuals with MS. Notoriously, patients with MS can be subdivided in two subgroups, as regards glucose metabolism impairment (25). In fact, besides individuals showing IIR and/or high FPG and/or PPG levels, IGT, and finally diabetes, we observe patients with IIR, who will never suffer from diabetes. My 52 year-long clinical experience allows me to state that “biophysical-semeiotic dyslipidaemic AND diabetic” constitutions account for the reason of such as different outcome. Really, only patients with inherited pancreatic islet -cell insufficiency, can be involved – in life-span – by insulin secretion failure, due to the exhaustion of hormone production (25). As a consequence, cigarette smoking, diabetes, dyslipidaemias, hypertension, a.s.o., do not contribute to provoke CAD in ALL individuals, but exclusively in individuals among those involved by inherited CAD real risk (1, 11-13). Therefore, in all researches, aiming to recognize risk factors of human diseases, like cigarette smoking, inappropriate diet, hypertension, diabetes, a.s.o., especially individuals with the congenital real risk have to be enrolled. From the therapeutic viewpoint, in my long well-established clinical experience, diet ethimologically speaking, Coniugated–Melatonine, and NIR-LED application in pesonalized way, proved to be really efficacious against every inherited real risk form, including cancer real risk, due to their positive influence on mitochondrial respiratory function, which results normalized or even increased (26). *Dott. Sergio Stagnaro Founder of Quantum Biophysical Semeiotics. 16037 Riva Trigoso (Genova) www.semeioticabiofisica.it References. 1.Stagnaro-Neri M., Stagnaro S. Introduzione alla Semeiotica Biofisica. Il Terreno Oncologico. Travel Factory, Roma, 2004. http://www.travelfactory.it/semeiotica_biofisica.htm 2.Stagnaro S., West PJ., Hu FB., Manson JE., Willett WC. Diet and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 24;346(4):297-298. [MEDLINE]. 3.Stagnaro-Neri M., Stagnaro S., Semeiotica Biofisica: valutazione clinica del picco precoce della secrezione insulinica di base e dopo stimolazione tiroidea, surrenalica, con glucagone endogeno e dopo attivazione del sistema renina-angiotesina circolante e tessutale Acta Med. Medit. 13, 99, 1997. 4.Stagnaro-Neri M., Stagnaro S., Semeiotica Biofisica: la manovra di Ferrero-Marigo nella diagnosi clinica della iperinsulinemia-insulino resistenza. Acta Med. Medit. 13, 125, 1997. 5.Stagnaro Sergio. Endothelial cell function can ameliorate under safer drugs, such as MelatoninAdenosine. BMC Cardiovascular disorders. http://www.biomedcentral.com/14712261/4/4/comments 6.Stagnaro-Neri M., Stagnaro S. Deterministic Chaos, Preconditioning and Myocardial Oxygenation evaluated clinically with the aid of Biophysical Semeiotics in the Diagnosis of Ischaeemic Heart Disease even silent. Acta Medica Mediterranea 13, 109-116, 1997. 7.Stagnaro S. A clinical efficacious maneouvre, reliable in bed-side diagnosing coronary artery disease, even initial or silent, as well as "heart coronary risk". 3rd Virtual International Congress of Cardiology, FAC,2003, http://www.fac.org.ar/tcvc/marcoesp/marcos.htm 8.Stagnaro Sergio.Biophysical Semeiotic Constitutions, Genomics, and Cardio-Vascular Diseases. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2004, http://www.biomedcentral.com/14712261/4/20/comments#95454 9.Stagnaro Sergio Endothelial cell function can ameliorate under safer drugs, such as MelatoninAdenosine. BMC Cardiovascular disorders. 2004 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/4/4/comments 10.Stagnaro S. Pre-Metabolic Syndrome: Locus primary prevention. NYAS web site. 1999 http://www.memberconnections.com/olc/membersonly/NYAS/mboards.html 11.Stagnaro Sergio. Role of Coronary Endoarterial Blocking Devices in Myocardial Preconditioning - c007i. Lecture, V Virtual International Congress of Cardiology, 2007. http://www.fac.org.ar/qcvc/llave/c007i/stagnaros.php 12.Stagnaro Sergio. Newborn-pathological Endoarteriolar Blocking Devices in Diabetic and Dislipidaemic Constitution and Diabetes Primary Prevention. The Lancet. March 06 2007. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607603316/comments?totalcommen ts=1 13.Stagnaro Sergio. New bedside way in Reducing mortality in diabetic men and women. Ann. Int. Med.2007. http://www.annals.org/cgi/eletters/0000605-200708070-00167v1 14.Stagnaro S., Stagnaro-Neri M. Istangiopatia Congenita Acidosica Enzimo Metabolica. Gazz. Med. It.- Arch. Sci. Med. 144, 423, 1985. 15.Stagnaro S., Stagnaro-Neri M. Una patologia mitocondriale ignorata: la Istangiopatia Congenita Acidosica Enzimo-Metabolica. Gazz. Med. It. - Arch. Sci. Med. 149, 67 1990. 16.Stagnaro-Neri M., Stagnaro S., Cancro della mammella: prevenzione primaria e diagnosi precoce con la percussione ascoltata. Gazz. Med. It.- Arch. Sc. Med. 152, 447 1993 17Stagnaro S., Stagnaro-Neri M., Oncological Terrain, conditio sine qua non of Oncogenesis, 2004: http://www.gutjnl.com/cgi/eletters?lookup=by_date&days=60 18.Stagnaro Sergio. "Genes, Oncological Terrain, and Breast Cancer" World Journal of Surgical Oncology., 2005, http://www.wjso.com/content/3/1/45/comments#205475 19.Sergio Stagnaro. Mitochondrial Genome of the Mastodon highlights Human Constitutions. PLOS Biology, (01 August 2007) http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=readresponse&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050207#r1725 20.Stagnaro Sergio. Biological System Functional Modification parallels Gene Mutation. www.Nature.com, March 13, 2008, http://blogs.nature.com/nm/spoonful/2008/03/gout_gene.html 21.Stagnaro Sergio. Teoria Patogenetica Unificata, 2006, Ed. Travel Factory, Roma. 2006. 22.Stagnaro-Neri M., Stagnaro S., Semeiotica Biofisica: valutazione della compliance arteriosa e delle resistenze arteriose periferiche. Atti del XVII Cong. Naz. Soc. Ital. Studio Microcircolazione, Firenze Ott. 1995, Biblioteca Scient. Scuola Sanità Militare, 2, 93. 23.Stagnaro Sergio e Paolo Manzelli. L’Esperimento di Lory. Scienza e Conoscenza, N° 23, 13 Marzo 2008. http://www.scienzaeconoscenza.it//articolo.php?id=17775 24.Stagnaro Sergio e Paolo Manzelli, 09-1-2008, Semeiotica Biofisica Quantistica: la manovra di attivazione surrenalica jatrogenetica. http://www.fcenews.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=161&Itemid=63 25. Stagnaro Sergio. Epidemiological evidence for the non-random clustering of the components of the metabolic syndrome: multicentre study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;61(9):1143-4. Epub 2007 Feb 7. [MEDLINE] 26. Stagnaro S., Stagnaro-Neri M., La Melatonina nella Terapia del Terreno Oncologico e del “Reale Rischio” Oncologico. Travel Factory, Roma, 2004. http://www.travelfactory.it/