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Transcript
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS All you need to be an inventor is a good imagination and a pile of junk. -Thomas Edison 1 What is it? 2 • The movement of electrons through a conductive material What is it? • Electrons bump into other electrons in adjacent shells (called valence shells) and continue down the path 3 Electrons will only flow if there is a complete circuit for them to flow around • Electrons, which are negatively charged, emerge from the negative terminal of the power supply • Conventional notation, however, is to refer to the electricity as emitting from the positive terminal of the power supply 4 RESISTANCE CURRENT How you should be thinking about electric circuits: Voltage the “speed”, and subsequent force, that pushes the current through the circuit Water analogy The higher the water fall the more “voltage” 5 VOLTAGE CURRENT How you should be thinking about electric circuits: Resistance friction that impedes flow of current through the circuit Water analogy rocks in the river 6 VOLTAGE RESISTANCE How you should be thinking about electric circuits: Current The actual “substance” that is flowing through the wires of the circuit (electrons!) Water analogy The water molecules 7 UNDERSTANDING ELECTRICITY • Air is conductive…if you have enough voltage to push the electrons through it (i.e. – lightening) • 10,000 volts might not hut you…but if it pushes just 1 amp of current through your heart it can be fatal • If the circuit has no resistance, it’s called a short circuit and infinite current will flow until the circuit fails (i.e. – melts or depletes) 8 Ohm’s Law V=IxR I = Current (Amperes) (amps) V = Voltage (Volts) Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854) R = Resistance (ohms) 9 Ohm’s Law V=IxR • So more voltage will provide you more current Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854) • And more resistance will provide you less current 10 Simple Circuits • Parallel circuit – Many paths for electricity – 1 light goes out and the others stay on • Series circuit – All in a row – 1 path for electricity – 1 light goes out and the circuit is broken 11