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Intelligent Support Systems
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Intelligent Systems and Artificial
Intelligence
• Artificial intelligence and intelligent
behavior
• Comparing artificial and natural intelligence
• Conventional versus AI computing
• Commercial artificial intelligence field
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Artificial Intelligence and
Intelligent Behavior
Artificial intelligence (AI) is concerned
with two basic ideas. First, it involves
studying the thought processes of humans;
second, it deals with representing those
processes via machines (computer, robots,
etc.).
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Objectives of AI
• To make machines smarter
• Understand what intelligence is
• To make machines more useful
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Intelligent Behavior
• Learning or understanding from experience
• Making sense of ambiguous or
contradictory messages
• Responding quickly and successfully to new
situations
• Using reason to solve problems and direct
actions effectively
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Intelligent Behavior
• Dealing with complex situations
• Applying knowledge to manipulate the
environment
• Recognizing the relative importance of
different elements in a situation
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Artificial and Natural Intelligence
AI Advantages over Natural Intelligence
• AI is more permanent
• AI offers ease of duplication and
dissemination
• AI can be less expensive
• AI is consistent and thorough
• AI can be documented
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Artificial and Natural Intelligence
Natural Intelligence Advantages over AI
• Natural intelligence is creative
• Natural intelligence enables people to
benefit from and directly use sensory
experiences
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Artificial and Natural Intelligence
Natural Intelligence Advantages over AI
• Natural intelligence enables people to
recognize relationships between things,
sense qualities, and spot patterns that
explain how various items interrelate
• Human reasoning is always able to make
use of a context of experiences
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Commercial AI Field
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Expert systems (ES)
Natural language
Robotics and sensory systems
Computer vision and scene recognition
Intelligent computer-aided instruction
(ICAI)
• Machine learning
• Handwriting recognizers
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Expert System (ES)
An ES is decision-making software that can
reach a level of performance comparable to
- or even exceeding that of - a human expert
in some specialized problem area.
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Benefits of ES
• Increased output and productivity
• Increase quality
• Capture of scarce expertise and its
dissemination
• Operation in hazardous environments
• Accessibility to knowledge
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Benefits of an ES
• Reliability
• Increased capabilities of other computerized
systems
• Ability to work with incomplete or
uncertain information
• Provision of training
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Benefits of ES
• Enhancement of problem solving
capabilities
• Decreased decision making time
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Components of Expert Systems
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Other Intelligent Systems
• Natural language processing (NLP) and
voice technology
• Neural computing
• Fuzzy logic
• Intelligent agents
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Natural Language Processing and
Voice Technology
• Applications of natural language processing
(NLP)
• Speech (voice) recognition and
understanding
• Advantages of speech recognition
• Voice synthesis
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Applications of Natural
Language Processing
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Advantages of Speech
Recognition
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Ease of access
Speed
Manual freedom
Remote access
Accuracy
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Benefits and Applications of
Neural Computing
• Potential to provide some of the human
characteristics of problem solving
– Recognition of patterns and characteristics
• Fault-tolerance
• Generalization
• Adaptability
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Artificial Neural Networks
(ANN) - Business Applications
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Tax fraud
Financial services
Loan applications evaluation
Solvency prediction
New product analysis
Airline fare management
Prediction
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Artificial Neural Networks
(ANN) - Business Applications
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Evaluation of personnel and job candidates
Resource allocation
Data mining
Foreign exchange rate
Stock, bond, and commodities selection and
trading
• Signature validation
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Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy logic is a technique, developed by
Zadeh, that deals with uncertainties by
simulating the process of human reasoning,
allowing the computer to behave less
precisely and logically than conventional
computers do.
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Intelligent Agent (IA)
Intelligent agents are software entities that
carry out some set of operations on behalf
of a user or another program, with some
degree of independence and in so doing,
employ some knowledge or representation
of the user’s goals.
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Major Tasks Performed by IA
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Information access and navigation
Decision support and empowerment
Repetitive office activity
Mundane personal activity
Search and retrieval
Domain experts
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Applications of IA
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User interface
Operating systems agents
Spreadsheet agents
Workflow and administrative management
agents
• Software development
• Negotiation in electronic commerce
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Emerging Technology:
Virtual Reality (VR)
• How does it work
• VR and the internet/intranets
• VR and decision making
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How Does VR Work
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Managerial Issues
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Cost-benefit and justification
Heightened expectations
Acquiring knowledge
System acceptance
System integration
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Managerial Issues
• System technologies
• Ethical issues
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Copyright  1999 John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. All rights
reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act
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of these programs or from the use of the information contained
herein.
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