Download THEME SAMPLE QUESTION EXAMPLES Conflict Differences

GLOBAL HISTORY THEMATIC ESSAY CHEAT SHEET THEME Conflict Change SAMPLE QUESTION EXAMPLES Persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire, Reign of Terror, Armenian massacres, forced famine Differences among groups have often led in Ukraine, the Holocaust, apartheid in South Africa, to conflict. Killing Fields in Cambodia, conflict in Northern Ireland, Sandinistas in Nicaragua, Tiananmen Square Rebellion. Throughout history, political revolutions had many causes. These revolutions French Revolution (1789), Mexican Revolution affected society and led to many (1910), Russian Revolution (1917), Chinese changes. The changes may or may not Revolution (1949), Cuban Revolution (1959), Iranian have resolved the problems that caused Revolution (1979). the revolution. At various times in global history, members of different religions have Belief Systems acted to bring people together. Members of these same religions have also acted to divide people and have caused conflict. Judaism in the Middle East, Roman Catholicism in Latin America, Hinduism in India, Islam in Iran, Protestant Reformation and the Counter Reformation in Europe, animism in Africa, Shintoism in Japan, Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Twentieth­century political events have Political Events had positive and negative effects on global history, Lenin’s establishment of Communism in Russia, rise of totalitarian governments in Europe, Ho Chi Minh’s unification of Vietnam against Imperialism, increasing support for Islamic fundamentalism in Middle East, Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution in China, the dismantling of the Berlin Wall, development of nuclear weapons in India and Pakistan, Nelson Mandela’s opposition to apartheid in South Africa. Human and Physical Geography Nile River in Egypt, mineral wealth in Africa, Geographic factors such as land features, monsoons in South Asia, oil in the Middle East, resources location, and climate of nations Japan’s location near China, plains of Northern and regions affect how people live. Europe, rain forests in Latin America, mountains in eastern Europe. The beliefs and achievements of Hammurabi, Confucius, Aristotle, Alexander the Individuals individuals have changed global history. Great, Muhammad, Johannes Gutenberg, Queen Who Changed These beliefs and achievements have had Isabella, Leonardo da Vinci, John Locke, Catherine History positive and negative effects on society. the great, Simón Bolívar, Nelson Mandela, Turning Points Economic Systems Nationalism Turning points are major events in history that have led to lasting change. Neolithic Revolution, Crusades, Renaissance, French Revolution, Russian Revolution of 1917, World War I, creation of the state of Israel, Nelson Mandela elected president of South Africa, fall of Berlin Wall. Societies have developed different economic systems for may reasons. Some of these economic systems include manorialism, capitalism, and communism. Western Europe during the Middle Ages, Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution, Soviet Union between 1917 and 1990, Japan after World War II, China since 1949, Cuba since 1959. Throughout global history, nationalism has had positive and negative effects. Latin America (1800s), Italy (1800s and 1900s), China (1900s), India (1900s), Kenya (post­World War II), the Balkans (1900s). Economic interdependence (European Union and Throughout global history, the world has NAFTA), political interdependence (European Union), Interdependenc been growing more and more military interdependence (NATO and Warsaw Pact), e interdependent. This process has been cultural interdependence, technological accelerated in the twentieth century. interdependence. Civilization Throughout global history, great civilizations have existed in various parts Ancient Egypt, classical Rome, the Gupta Empire, of the world. The cultural and classical China, the Muslim Golden Age, the intellectual achievements of these Renaissance, Enlightenment. civilizations contributed to the advancement of humankind. Throughout global history, political Cultural and conditions in some civilizations have Intellectual Life produced ‘golden ages.’ Political Systems Several Empires and nations throughout global history have been ruled by strong leaders who have followed policies of absolutism. Classical China, the Hellenistic Age, the Pax Romana, Muslim Golden Age, Renaissance, Enlightenment. Incan empire, Byzantine Empire, Ming empire in China, the Ottoman empire of Suleiman the Great, Spain (Philip II), France (Louis XIV), Russia (Peter the Great).