Download Assessment Questions for each Essential Question

Essential Question: How does the structure of the chambers of the heart correlate to their functions?
Question
Answer
Refer to the diagram below:
cavity of right atrium
and ventricle (Y)
shaded;
Bloom’s Level
Knowledge
i) Label an atrium [1]
ii) Label the pulmonary vein [1]
iii) Shade in the chambers that contain deoxygenated blood. [1]
With reference to Fig. 8.1,
Explain why the wall around chamber Z needs to be thicker than that around
chamber Y. [2]
(chamber) Z pumps
blood further (than
Y)/ORA;
(Z) has more muscle
(in wall)
to contract
Comprehension
with/generate greater
pressure;
Any two - 1 mark each
Sometimes babies are born with a hole between the left and right sides of the
heart, through which blood can pass. Explain the effect this has on the double
circulation system of the baby’s body. [4]
State two preventive actions a person could take to reduce the chance of a
heart attack. [2]
Synthesis/Evaluation?
stop smoking;
Knowledge
reduce stress;
reduce (animal)
fat/cholesterol in diet;
reduce salt intake;
take regular exercise;
Any two - 1 mark each
Essential Question: How is the cardiac cycle initiated? Why is this important?
Question
Explain the roles of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and the Purkyne tissue during one
heart beat [5]
Answer
(i) acts as a
pacemaker /
regulates heartbeat ;
A ref. to myogenic /
described e.g. as
rythmn / AW
releases / AW, waves
of excitation /
depolarisation /
(electrical) impulses
/ action
Bloom’s Level
Comprehension
potentials ;
R nerve impulses /
signals / messages /
waves unqualified
atrial systole / atrial
contraction(s) ; A
initiates, heart beat /
cardiac cycle
ref. to nervous
innervation allowing
changes ; [max 2]
(ii) delays, impulse /
AW ;
R nerve impulses /
signals / messages /
waves unqualified
A ecf from (i)
sends impulse to,
Purkyne fibres /
Bundle of His /
ventricles / septum ;
allows atrial systole
to complete before
ventricular, systole /
contraction(s) ;
A idea that allows
ventricles to fill
(before they
contract)
Fig. 2.1 shows the changes in blood pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during one
complete cardiac cycle.
A idea that allows
atria to, empty
completely /
complete contraction
[max 2]
C;
G;
G;
B/C;
Complete the table below using the appropriate letter, A to H, to match the points from the graph
to the correct statement.
You must only put one letter in each box. You may use each letter once, more than once or not at
all. [4]
Knowledge
Using the figure above, suggest what would happen if the order of events of the cardiac cycle
switched order. Give specific examples.
The following pressures occur in the heart during a complete cardiac cycle, 0mmHg, 20mmHg, and
180 mmHg.
Which of these pressures do you think is associated with:
a) Atrial systole
b) Ventricular systole
c) Diastole
The diagram below shows the right side of the heart during ventricular systole.
Synthesis
Atrial systole 20 mm
Hg; Ventricular
systole 180 mm Hg;
Diastole 0 mm Hg;
a) Valve flaps
a) Application
closed;
tendons from b) Evaluation
valve flaps to papillary
muscles;
b) (b) If the valve was
not closed then the
systole blood would
be forced back to the
atrium rather than to
the lungs for
oxygenation;
a) Draw on the diagram the position of the valve and valve tendons between the right atrium
and right ventricle while the ventricle is contracting. [2]
. (b) What would happen if the valve was not in the correct position?
[1]
Application
Essential Question: How do the cells of the body obtain the oxygen needed for respiration and get rid of the carbon dioxide produced?
Question
Answer
Bloom’s Level
Describe the path taken by a
Comprehension
molecule of oxygen as it passes
from air in the lungs to a muscle
cell in the body. [6]
Explain how oxygen and glucose
oxygen : diffuses, down concentration gradient / from
Comprehension
move from the blood inside the
high concentration to low concentration;
capillary to the tissue fluid in the
through, phospholipid bilayer; R protein channels
muscle. [3]
glucose:
(pressure) filtration / AW; e.g. ‘forced out by blood
pressure’ through pores, in capillaries / between
capillaries;
facilitated diffusion;
through channel proteins / idea;
through cytoplasm;
An enzyme in red blood cells
i) carbonic anhydrase
i) Knowledge
catalyzes the reaction between
ii) hydrogencarbonate ions diffuse out of red
ii) Analysis
carbon dioxide and water as
blood cells;
blood flows through respiring
(hydrogencarbonate ions) are transported in
tissues. (Will give students this
solution in blood plasma;
equation.
conversion of CO2 to hydrogencarbonate
i) Name the enzyme that catalyzes reduces concentration of CO2 in the blood;
this reaction [1]
which maintains diffusion gradient for CO2 to diffuse
ii) Explain the significance of this into the blood from respiring tissues;
reaction in the transport of
carbon dioxide [3]
Essential Question: What are the different roles of the circulatory system’s components?
Answer
Question
Fig. 1.1 is a drawing made from an electron micrograph of a
longitudinal section of a capillary in muscle tissue.
Bloom’s Level
Knowledge
Complete the table below using the information in Fig. 1.1 to help
you [4]
Describe thee ways in which plasma differs from tissue fluid [3]
(plasma contains) more proteins;
Comprehension
has lower water potential;
has lower, carbon dioxide/HCO −3
concentration;
has greater glucose concentration; has
greater oxygen concentration;
Which of these functions could, or could not, be carried out by a red
blood cell? In each case, justify your answer.
a) Protein synthesis
b) Cell division
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Active transport
A Protein synthesis – no. There is no DNA, so no
mRNA can be transcribed.
b Cell division – no. There are no chromosomes, so
mitosis cannot occur, nor are there centrioles for spindle
formation.
C Lipid synthesis – no. This occurs on the smooth
Evaluation
endoplasmic reticulum, and there is none.
d Active transport – yes. This occurs across the cell
surface membrane, and can be fuelled by ATP produced
by anaerobic respiration.
Athletes often prepare themselves for important competitions by
spending several months training at high altitude. Explain how this
could help improve their performance. [2]
Spending a length of time at high altitude stimulates the
body to produce more red blood cells. When the athlete
returns to sea level, these ‘extra’ red blood cells remain
in the body for some time and can supply extra oxygen
to muscles, enabling them to work harder and for longer
than they would otherwise be able to do.
Analysis
Essential Question: How does the structure of the blood vessels relate to their functions and positions in the circulatory system?
Question
Answer
Bloom’s Level
Mammals have a closed, double
Blood goes through heart twice on one complete circuit of the body;
Knowledge
circulation. State what is meant by the
term “double circulation.”
Describe how the structure of the wall of thicker wall / more cells / more than one cell thick;
Comprehension
a vein differs from that of a capillary [3]
A more, squamous epithelium / endothelium valve(s);
three layers / described;
to max 2
(smooth) muscle;
collagen;
elastic tissue / elastin;
R references to size, width, size of lumen, amount of blood etc.