Download Jan 12

MRS. CONTRERAS
Language Arts
9th Grade – Eng I Gifted/Honors
Room C209
Home Learning
PASS TO THE FRONT:
• Nothing due.
Announcement…
• Please do not throw out any handouts I’ve
given you unless these were reading packets
we’ve already covered.
• Save all writing and grammar handouts.
Weekly Forecast
1/8/07 – 1/12/07
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Monday – FCAT Practice (LAA244,LAA247, LAA248
packet pg 16-20. Read/discuss Shakespeare's "A
Midsummer Night's Dream" Act I.
Tuesday – District FCAT writes prompt. Distribution of
Research Project.
Wednesday – District Interim Assessments (block
schedule)
Thursday – District Interim Assessments (block schedule)
Friday – Verbs (Progressive, Emphatic, Shifting, VoicePassive/Active 151-156). Read/discuss Shakespeare's "A
Midsummer Night's Dream" Act I
Home Learning
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By Tuesday, 1/16:
Read Introduction to Shakespeare, Globe and plays (slides
to follow).
Read about sonnets pg 804, Petrarch, Ronsard, Shakespeare
pg 806-817.
Write & illustrate your own Shakespearean sonnet in iambic
pentameter (read pgs 813 & 817 to help with this
assignment).
Finish grammar 151-156.
Film showing of "Othello" after school Tuesday & Thursday
of this week (extra credit towards class participation).
Have a great week!
District FCAT Writing
Prompt:
• Many teenagers feel that the voting age should be
lowered from 18 to 16.
• Think about the effects of lowering the voting age
from 18 to 16.
• Now write to convince your state legislator whether
the voting age should be lowered from 18 to 16.
You have 45 minutes
Planning is essential!
Verb Tenses Review:
•Base form – default/non-inflected - talk
•Present – base form (third person he/she/it add –s or –es) – talks
•Present participle – add –ing to base form + helping verb - are talking
•Past – base form + -d or -ed (regular verbs)– talked. Irregular verbs take
on variety of forms - came
•Past participle – add –ed or –d to base form + helping verb – The sisters
have talked.
•Future – add will to base form – She will talk.
•Present Perfect – past tense of verb + has or have – I have talked – She
has talked
•Past Perfect – past participle + had – They had talked before we did.
•Future Perfect – past participle + will have – They will have talked
before Saturday.
Renaissance
Theater
Globe Playhouse. Courtesy of Google Images.
Renaissance Theater
Noah’s Ark morality play. Courtesy of Google Images.
• Renaissance audiences were not new to
drama. In fact, they were accustomed to
miracle and mystery plays, the medieval
version of drama, which evolved as
reenactments of biblical stories and church
ceremonies and were put on in marketplaces
of towns. These morality plays, as they
became known taught people how to live
(Holt, Rinehart and Winston 283).
Renaissance Theater
• By the mid-sixteenth
century, drama in England
was three centuries old, but
the idea of housing it in a
permanent structure was
new (284).
• Even after theaters were
built, plays were performed
in improvised spaces, such
as the large houses of
royalty and nobility (284).
Globe Playhouse. Courtesy of Google Images.
The Making of
Shakespeare’s Globe
• In 1576, James Burbage, the father of
Shakespeare’s partner and fellow actor
Richard Burbage, built the first public
theater in the northern suburb of London
(284).
• After this initial theater, the Curtain
followed, as well as the Rose, Swan,
Fortune, Globe, Red Bull and the Hope
(284).
The Globe
• Famous because many
Shakespearean plays were initially
performed there.
• The structure was built from
salvaged timbers from when the
Theater burned down in 1599.
• The more expensive seats were
those placed literally on either side of
the stage. This made certain patrons
more conspicuous but would have
been a nuisance to other audience
members and actors.
• The theater could squeeze together
up to three thousand spectators, a
reason theaters would close during
epidemics.
Globe Playhouse. Courtesy of Google Images.
The Globe
Globe Playhouse 1599-1613 by C. Walter Hodges.
Courtesy of Google Images.
• Since the blueprints of the Globe
are not available to us, most
scholars accept as accurate the
reconstruction of the Globe by C.
Walter Hodges, whose drawings
appear to the left.
• The structure was three stories
high surrounding a spacious inner
yard open to the sky. The theater
was probably a sixteen-sided
polygon, giving it a circular
appearance.
• Shakespeare commonly referred
to the Globe as “this wooden O” in
his history play Henry V.
• There were probably two
entrances to the building, one for
the public and one for theater
company.
The Globe
• Admission cost one
penny, entitling a
spectator to be a
groundling. This person
was allowed to stand
next to other groundlings
which would gather
around the wooden
platform (stage) which
projected into the yard
seen to the right.
• Because actors were so
close to the audience,
every tiny nuance of an
actor’s performance
greatly impacted the
audience.
Globe Playhouse and groundlings.
Courtesy of Google Images.
The Globe
• Actors were highly trained. They
could sing, dance, wrestle, fence,
clown, roar, weep and whisper.
• Large sensational effects were also
plentiful. For example, if someone
was to be carried into the heavens.
The actor would be strapped to a
rope and everyone pretended he was
being lifted towards the Heaven, the
top of the stage.
• The ceiling was painted with
elaborate suns, moons and stars,
also containing trapdoors for angels,
gods and spirits to descend onto the
stage or flown over the actors’ heads.
• Also, spectators loved to see witches
or devils emerge from trapdoors in
the stage, which everyone pretended
led down to Hell.
Globe Playhouse.
Courtesy of Google Images.
The Globe
Globe Playhouse.
Courtesy of Google Images.
• The third part of the theater was
the tiring (from tire, an archaic
form of “attire”).
• This was a tall building that
contained machinery and dressing
rooms, providing a two story
backwall for the stage. As seen
on this picture, there is a gallery
above (perfect for Romeo
climbing up to Juliet’s window)
and a curtained space below.
• The gallery also had other
purposes. Spectators could sit
there. Musicians could perform
there, or parts of the play could be
acted there.
• The curtained spaces could serve
as rooms from which the actors
would step out onto the stage to
be heard better.
The Power of Make-Belief
• Renaissance audiences took for granted
that the theater cannot show “reality.”
• What this meant was that whatever
happened onstage was make-belief.
• When the audience saw actors carrying
lanterns, they knew it was night, even
though the sun was shining brightly
overhead. Often, instead of seeing a
scene, audiences heard it described, as
when Shakespeare has a character in
Hamlet exclaim over a sunrise,
“But look, the morn in russet
mantle clad / Walks o’er the
dew of yon high eastward hill”
(I.i.166-167).
• When a forest setting was required,
bushes or small trees were pushed onto
the stage. There were no painted
sceneries.
“The Fog.”
Courtesy of Google Images.
Renaissance Pomp & Pageantry
Queen Elizabeth I.
Courtesy of Google Images.
• Theaters were very ornate, and
their interiors were brightly
painted.
• Backstage area could be covered
with colorful tapestries or
hangings.
• Costumes were rich elaborate and
expensive.
• Audiences also enjoyed the
processions – religious, royal,
military- that occurred in many
plays, entering through one stage
door and exiting through the
opposite. Actors quickly changed
in the tiring house, keeping the
processions going.
Renaissance Pomp & Pageantry
Ladies playing instruments.
Courtesy of Google Images.
• Audiences not only expected to
see comedy or tragedy in the
Renaissance, but they also
expected music, both vocal and
instrumental.
• Trumpets announced the play’s
beginning and important arrivals
within the play.
• High up in the gallery, musicians
played between acts and at other
appropriate times during the
performance. In fact, scattered
throughout most of the plays,
especially comedies, were songs.
• The music of Shakespearean
plays were the best of this kind,
for the playwright excelled in lyric
and dramatic poetry.
Renaissance Pomp & Pageantry
Renaissance Music.
Courtesy of Google Images.
• Audiences not only expected to see
comedy or tragedy in the
Renaissance, but they also expected
music, both vocal and instrumental.
• Trumpets announced the play’s
beginning and important arrivals
within the play.
• High up in the gallery, musicians
played between acts and at other
appropriate times during the
performance. In fact, scattered
throughout most of the plays,
especially comedies, were songs.
• The music of Shakespearean plays
were the best of this kind, for the
playwright excelled in lyric and
dramatic poetry. Each song was
spontaneously sung during the play
but adapted to the scene and actor.
Varying the Venue
Performance at castle. Courtesy of Google Images.
Amboise Manor House. Courtesy of Google Images.
• Acting companies performed at other locations besides the
public theaters.
• These two locations were often great halls of castles and
manor houses like those shown above.
• Portable stages were used for performances that would not
include a need to depict the heavens.
• Other than plays, typical performances at the above
referenced locations were those of bears being attacked by
dogs.
Sir William Shakespeare
Shakespeare (1564-1616). Courtesy of Google Images.
• Shakespeare wrote more than 36
plays and over 150 poems.
• The poet’s work has generated much
speculation, to include whether
someone else could have written the
works themselves.
• Part of the reason for such
speculation is that little is known
about the poet’s life, even though his
life is better documented than other
dramatists of his time. Ben Jonson is
perhaps the exception. The two
acted together and knew each other
quite well.
• Jonson praised Shakespeare after
his death, claiming that he was “not
of an age, but for all time.”
Sir William Shakespeare
Shakespeare’s birthplace (Stratford-on-Avalon).
Courtesy of Google Images.
River Avon. Courtesy of Google Images.
• Shakespeare was born in Stratford-onAvalon, a historic and prosperous market
town in Warwickshire, England.
• William’s father was John Shakespeare, a
merchant once active in the town’s
government.
• His mother, Mary Arden, came from a
prominent family.
• Young William attended grammar school,
where he obtained an excellent education
in Latin, the Bible, and English
composition.
• Students were expected to translate a
Latin work into English and then translate
back to Latin.
• It is speculated that Shakespeare learned
various trades prior to his fame.
• At eighteen, Shakespeare married Anne
Hathaway and had three children, a
daughter named Susanna and twins
named Hamnet and Judith.
Sir William Shakespeare
• No one is sure how Shakespeare supported his new family, but
according to tradition, he taught school for a few years.
• His two daughters grew up and married, but the boy died when he was
just eleven.
• It is speculated that Shakespeare became interested in theater by
seeing the regular performances that came to Stratford.
• To become a dramatist, the place to be was London, as the theaters
were thriving in the 1580s.
• From 1592 on, there is plenty of documentation about Shakespeare’s
work and life.
• Shakespeare worked from 1592 until retirement in about 1613.
• Even though actors had a very low social status, they did enjoy the
patronage of noblemen and royalty. For instance, The Rape of Lucrece
(1594) was dedicated to a rich noblewoman. Poets under the
patronage system often wrote poems alluding to their patrons. As word
of mouth spread, a poet could gain greater notoriety.
• He became famous after his publishing of his erotic narrative poem
Venus and Adonis (1593).
• The extraordinary thing about Shakespeare’s work – each being
different from others – is the fact that they deal with perennial themes,
the principal reason why they are still revived and performed.
Sir William Shakespeare
• By 1596, Shakespeare was prospering. He had his father apply to the
Heralds’ College for a coat of arms, signifying that they were now
“gentlefolk,” or people of high social standing.
• The poet also bought New Place, a beautiful and elegant house and
grounds in Stratford. After Susanna inherited the house, the queen
stayed there one time.
• By 1598, Shakespeare was earning money as a playwright, actor and
shareholder in a theater.
• By 1600, Shakespeare was regularly associating with aristocracy, with
six of his plays performed at the court of Queen Elizabeth.
• Shakespeare also prospered under Elizabeth’s successor, King James
of Scotland, performing several plays at court.
• King James loved performances, taking Shakespeare’s company under
his patronage and renaming it the King’s Men, giving them patents to
perform anywhere in the realm. This much patronage brought
Shakespeare great wealth and notoriety.
• After 1601, Shakespeare wrote some of his greatest tragedies, and
many critics feel that he must have been unhappy as these are deeply
preoccupied with evil, violence and death. This is an invented “tragic
period” as it would be a mistake to assume a one-to-one correlation
between work and a poet, like Shakespeare, who wrote to impress
patrons.
Sir William Shakespeare
• After retirement in about 1610, Shakespeare continued to
remain busy with the running the King’s Men and their two
theaters: the Globe (1599) useful for outdoor performances
and the Blackfriars (1608), used for indoor performances.
• When the queen died in 1603, Shakespeare did not praise
her in print. It was speculated that Shakespeare was an
admirer of the earl of Essex, whom the queen had executed
for rebellion.
• The Globe caught on fire in 1613 at the firing of the cannon
at the end of Act I of Henry VIII.
• After Shakespeare’s death in 1616, his partners gathered all
his plays. These works, known as the “first folio” were later
published in 1623.
Shakespearean Works…
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Richard II (1595-1596)
Henry IV (1596-1597)
Henry V (1599)
Julius Caesar (1599)
A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595-1596)
The Merchant of Venice (1596-1597)
Much Ado About Nothing (1598-1599)
As You Like It (1598-1600)
Twelfth Night (1600-1601)
Hamlet (1600-1601)
The Merry Wives of Windsor (1600-1601)
Othello (1601-1602)
All’s Well that Ends Well (1602-1603)
Measure for Measure (1604)
King Lear (1605)
Macbeth (1606-1607)
Antony and Cleopatra (1606-1607)
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Timon of Athens (1607-1608)
Pericles (1607-1608)
Cymbeline (1609-1610)
The Winter’s Tale (1610-1611)
The Tempest (1611-1612)
The Two Noble Kinsmen (1612)
Henry VIII (1613)
TRAGEDY: a kind of
work in which human
actions have inevitable
consequences. The
characters’ bad deeds,
errors, mistakes, and
crimes are never
forgiven or rectified. In
tragedy, an ill-judged
action will
remorselessly lead to a
catastrophe.
COMEDY: By contrast
the character in a
comedy do not live
under this iron law of
cause and effect; they
can do whatever they
please as long as they
amuse their audience
and as long as the funny
mess they have created
is cleaned up at the end
of the play.