Download Classification Groups

Bellwork: copy the question and
answer choices
Which of the following organisms are most
closely related?
A. Asterias rubens and Asterias forbesi
B. Bubulcus ibis and Xenicibis xympithecus
C. Ophiderma salamandra and Salamandra algira
D. Ceanothus americanus and Lethocerus
americanus
Classification Levels
Essential Question: How can I use a
hierarchical classification system to identify
relationships among organisms?
Classification is the grouping of objects
or information based on similarities.
In Biology:
• Taxonomy is the science of grouping
and naming organisms.
•In other words, taxonomy is the process
of classifying and naming biological (living)
organisms.
BONUS: How to preserve a specimen
EVOLUTIONARY
CLASSIFICATION
• Biologists group organisms into
categories that represent lines of
evolutionary descent not just physical
similarities.
• Phylogeny: The study of evolutionary
relationships among organisms.
Basis for Modern Taxonomy
• Homologous structures (same
structure, different function)
• Similar embryo development
• Molecular Similarity in DNA, RNA,
or amino acid sequence of Proteins
Classification Groups
• Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into
which related organisms are placed
• There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa)
from broadest to most specific
The major classification levels,
from most general to most specific
BROADEST TAXON
• Domain
• Kingdom
•
Phylum
•
Class
•
Order
•
Family
•
Genus
•
Species
Most
Specific
A group at any level is a taxon.
9
• Darling
• Katy
• Perry
• Came
• Over
• For
• Good
• Soup!
10
The six kingdoms in
the classification
system are:
1. Eubacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia
Debrief
1. What characteristics do you think separate
the different kingdoms?
2. What are some things you would classify in
the kingdom Fungi? Eubacteria? Plantae?
Walking Review
Organism
Cat
Wolf
Fly
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Arthropoda
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Insecta
Order
Carnivora
Carnivora
Diptera
Family
Felidae
Canidae
Muscidae
Genus
Felis
Canis
Musca
F. domesticus
C. lupus
M. domestica
Species
1. What type of animal is Musca domestica?
2. From the table, which 2 animals are most
closely related?
3. At what classification level does the
evolutionary relationship between cats and
wolves diverge (become different)?
4. What is the scientific name for the Canada
goose?
5. Explain which two organisms are the most
closely related.
6. Which taxa do the human and goose have in
common?
7. At which taxon do the lion and lynx diverge?
8. Which kingdom does C. comatus belong to?
9. Which taxa do the lion and lynx have in
common?
10. What is the scientific name for the lion?
African Buffalo
Burchell’s Zebra
Grant’s Gazelle
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Synceruscaffer
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Perissodactyla
Equidae
Equusburchellii
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Nangergranti
11. Describe 2 conclusions that can be
made from this information.
The information below describes the most specific levels of
classification that the mushroom sea squirt, Sycozoa gaimardi,
shares with four other organisms.
•The mushroom sea squirt is in the same class
as the common sea grape.
•The mushroom sea squirt is in the same
family as the blue spot ascidian.
•The mushroom sea squirt is in the same
order as the white speck tunicate.
•The mushroom sea squirt is in the same
phylum as the starry skate.
12. To which of the four organisms is the mushroom sea squirt
most closely related?
13. Which of the beetles above must belong to
the same family?
Student
14. Four students researched the classifications
of the following eight whales:
killer whale, Orcinus orca
gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus
humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae
pygmy right whale, Caperea marginata
fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus
minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis
bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus
The students were asked which two whales are
most closely related and why. The table below
summarizes the students’ answers.
Based on the classifications, which student gave
the correct answer to the question?
Whales
Most
Closely
Related
Reason
1
killer whale They are
and gray
both
whale
mammals.
2
humpback
whale and
pygmy right
whale
They are
both
whales.
3
fin whale
and minke
whale
They are
both in the
same
genus.
4
North
They are
Atlantic
both in the
right whale
same
and
family.
bowhead
whale
California
Sea Lion
Galápagos
Sea Lion
New Zealand
Sea Lion
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Otariidae
Otariidae
Otariidae
Genus
Zalophus
Zalophus
Phocarctos
wollebaeki
hookeri
Species
californianus
15. Which two organisms are most closely related?
16. Which taxa do all three organisms share?
17.The Ursidae family of animals includes the
giant panda, the brown bear, the polar bear,
and the spectacled bear. Which of the
following characteristics best helps classify
these bears into genus and species levels?
A.eating habits
B.gene sequences
C.method of reproduction
D.location of natural habitat
Scientists compared the DNA sequence of a gene in four
mammals. A portion of the gene’s DNA sequence in each
mammal is shown below.
Mammal
DNA Sequence
1
TCTCAACTACAA
2
TCTCAGCTGCAA
3
ACTCAGCTACAA
4
TCTCAGCTGCAG
18. Based on the sequence data, which of the mammals
are most closely related to each other?
18. Identify the organism pictured below
19. Identify the organism pictured below
20. Identify the organism pictured below