Download The Renaissance and Reformation

The Renaissance and
Reformation
Chapter 6 section 1
Key terms
• Renaissance- the period of the rebirth of learning
in Europe between about 1300-1600
• Humanism- a system of thought that focuses on
the nature, ideals, and achievements of human
beings, rather than on the divine
• Reformation- the effort to change or reform the
Roman Catholic Church, which led to the
establishment of Protestant churches
• Protestant- referring to Christian religions that
grw out of the Reformation
Renaissance
• Means rebirth. This period of time saw a
reawakening of interest in art, literature, and
science, as well as in the classical civilizations of
Greece and Rome.
• Began in Northern Italy
• People in Italy live in City-States: cities that were
both cities and independent states. They had
their own governments and were not as closely
controlled by nobles or the church.
• Instead wealthy families and merchants held
power. They also controlled trade with Asia.
Renaissance
• Because Italy was at the center of this
international trade it exposed Italian city-states to
other cultures and ideas.
• Because of wealth from trade, some Italians had
time to think, to read, and to create and enjoy
art.
• The wealthy became great supporters of
scholarship and the arts. These people are called
patrons.
• By 1430 Florence Italy ruled by the Medici family
had become a center for the arts.
Renaissance
• Old ideas and new ideas- The Renaissance helped
scholars and artist of Italy to look at life in a new way.
• 1. they looked back to ancient Greece and Rome. The
literature, science, and art inspired them to focus on
the achievement of people.
• 2. Humanism- a system of thought that focuses on the
nature, ideals, and achievements of human beings,
rather than on the divine
• 3. The ideal of this new era was someone with talent
and achievements in many fields instead of just one
was called a Renaissance Man.
Renaissance
• Northern Renaissance- a culture rebirth
occurred somewhat later in northern Europe.
• In the early 1400s artists developed a
distinctive flemish style of painting.
• By the 1450s newly cities in the north were
the center of the northern Renaissance.
Renaissance Artist
• Artist of the Middle Ages did not paint people
or nature. Their goal was to celebrate God, the
saints, and the Church.
• The artist of the Renaissance studied and
copied the more realistic art of ancient Greece
and Rome.
• Artist of the Renaissance also painted realistic
portraits of important people including their
partons.
Renaissance Artist
• Art meets Science- many artist studied the bones
and muscles of the body.
• Some artiste even studied dead bodies to learn
about anatomy.
• The also used new techniques called perspective
to make objects and landscapes look more
realistic. This cause things to be 3-dimensional.
• They also used light and shadow to make objects
look solid.
Renaissance Artist
• Leonardo da Vinci- one of the most famous.
Painted the Mona Lisa as well as other famous
works.
• Michelangelo- one of the most famous as
well. He sculpt marble, painted the Sistine
Chapel in Rome, was a poet, and an architect.
The Protestant Reformation
• In 1517 a German monk named Martin
Lurther began to criticize the Church.
• He posted a list of his complaints on the door
of the church, which was the custom, in
Wittenberg Germany.
• This act is regarded as the beginning of the
Reformation- an effort to reform or improve
the Catholic Church.
The Protestant Reformation
• Luther’s Beliefs- He believed that people did not
need popes or the church to tell them what God
wanted them to do. In thought faith in God and
common sense was the key to a proper life.
• He also thought that ordinary people could
understand the Bible for themselves. He
translated into German so that others could read
it.
• He felt that the exchange of money to be forgiven
of sins is something the church had no power to
do.
The Protestant Reformation
• Martin Luther’s ideas spread. In Germany priests,
nobles, and ordinary people rallied behind him.
They also thought the Church was corrupt and
needed to change.
• Due to a revolution in technology in Germany
many copies of Luther’s bible was printed with a
printing press. This helped to spread Luther’s
writing across Europe. Most people in Germany
by 1546 were Lutheran, followers of Luther’s
teaching.
The Protestant Reformation
• Soon people in much of northern Europe held
views similar to Luther’s. They created their
own Christian Churches, free of Roman
Catholic control.
• They came to be called protestant churches
because they grew out of protest against the
power and abuses of the Roman Catholic
Church.