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The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
Name: ______________________________________________ Date: ________________
For the following 5 questions
refer to the figure on the right.
(1) 1 pt. Which is the earthquake
fault scarp?
a) J
b) K
c) L
d) M
(1) 1 pt. Which is the earthquake
epicenter?
a) J
b) K
c) L
d) M
(1) 1 pt. Which is the earthquake
hypocenter?
a) J
b) K
c) L
d) M
(1) 1 pt. Which is the earthquake
slip area?
a) J
b) K
c) L
d) M
(1) 1 pt. What are multiplied by each other to determine the earthquake magnitude?
a) L & M
b) K & M
c) J & M
d) J & K
(1) 1 pt. What is the difference between earthquake magnitude and earthquake intensity
a) earthquake magnitude is a measure of the ground shaking and earthquake intensity is a measure of
energy release
b) earthquake intensity is a measure of the ground shaking and earthquake magnitude is a measure of
energy release
c) earthquake magnitude is a measure of the
amount of fault slip and earthquake intensity
is a measure of energy release
d) earthquake magnitude is a measure of the
ground shaking and earthquake intensity is a
measure of fault slip
(1) 1 pt. Using the figure at the right, knowing
the stream is 1,000 years old, what is the slip
rate on the fault?
a) 100 mm/yr
b) 10 mm/yr
c) 1 mm/yr
d) 1,000 mm/yr
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
For the next 5 questions, use the block
diagram at the right.
(1) 1 pt. This diagram shows the
morphology of what geomorphic
province in Oregon.
a) Blue Mountains
b) Owyhee Uplands
c) Columbia Plateau
d) Basin and Range
(1) 1 pt. The faulting shown is the
result of which tectonic forces:
a) L
b) M
(1) 1 pt. The landforms J and K are called _____ and ______
a) Basin, Range
b) Graben, Horst
c) neither a nor b
d) both a and b
(1) 1 pt. The faults shown are called _____ faults.
a) Reverse
b) Thrust
c) Transform d) Normal
(1) 1 pt. In what part of Oregon would be find this geomorphic province?
a) northeastern Oregon
b) southeastern Oregon
c) northwestern Oregon
d) southwestern Oregon
For the following 5 questions, use the diagram below.
(1) 1 pt. This diagram
shows the chronologic
development of which
geomorphic province:
a) Blue Mountains
b) Klamath Mountains
c) Coast Range
d) Cascade Mountains
(1) 1 pt. The following is
the sequence of age of
these terranes, from
oldest to youngest:
a) J, K, L, M
b) M, L, K, J
c) K, L, M, J
d) L, J, M, K
(1) 1 pt. These terranes were originally formed in what environment:
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
a) tropical to equatorial
b) polar
c) the environment where they are currently located
d) desert
(1) 1 pt. These were accreted originally in _____
a) eastern Oregon
b) northwestern Oregon
c) southwestern Oregon
d) southeastern Oregon
(1) 1 pt. The rocks in this figure span what time range:
a) 400 – 200 Ma
b) 400 – 0 (today) Ma
c) 100 – 10 Ma
d) 700 – 2 Ma
(38) 2 pts. Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's
lithospheric plates?
A) electrical and magnetic fields localized in the inner core
B) swirling movements of the molten iron particles in the outer core
C) export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere
D) gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and Moon
(16) 2 pts. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
A) Sedimentary rocks may weather to igneous rocks.
B) Igneous rocks can undergo metamorphism.
C) Magmas crystallize to form igneous rocks.
D) Metamorphic rocks may melt to magma.
Use the figure at the
right to answer the
next 3 questions.
(1) 1 pt. What type
of geomorphic
province represents
the object that is
labeled “J” in the
figure.
a) Subduction
Erosion
b) Accreted Terrane
c) Basin and Range
d) Flood Basalt
(1) 1 pt. What is the
name for the feature
labeled “J?”
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
a) Siletzia
c) Challisia
b) Concordia
d) Cascadia
(1) 1 pt. What is the dominant rock type in the feature labeled “J?”
a) Igneous
b) Metamorphic
c) Sedimentary
d) Metasedimentary
(6) 2 pts. The Geologic Time Scale divisions are based on ________.
A) equal divisions of 1 million (era), 50,000 (period), and 5,000 (epoch) intervals
B) major climatic shifts
C) doctrine of catastrophism
D) the evolution of lifeforms that are found in the fossil record
(30) 2 pts. By applying the law of superposition ________ ages can be determined.
A) relative B) conventional
C) radiometric D) both relative and radiometric
(26) 1 pts. Igneous rocks are produced largely by the deposition and consolidation of surface materials
like sand and mud. T/F
(28) 2 pts. Which of the following best characterizes an angular unconformity?
A) Horizontal lava flows lie below the unconformity, and horizontal, sedimentary strata lie above.
B) Tilted strata lie below the unconformity with loose, unconsolidated soil above.
C) Tilted strata lie below the unconformity, and bedding in younger strata above is parallel to the
unconformity.
D) It is the discordant boundary between older strata and an intrusive body of granite.
(20) 1 pts. Oceanic crust is thicker than continental crust.
T/F
(24) 1 pts. The asthenosphere is a relatively cool and rigid shell that overlies the lithosphere.
T/F
(32) 2 pts. Sandstone strata and a mass of granite are observed to be in contact. Which of the following
statements is correct geologically?
A) The sandstone is younger if it shows evidence of contact metamorphism.
B) The granite is older if it contains inclusions of sandstone.
C) The granite is older if the sandstone contains pebbles of the granite.
D) The sandstone is younger if the granite contains sandstone inclusions.
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
(42) 1 pts. After three half-lives, one-ninth
of an original, radioactive parent isotope
remains and eight-ninths has decayed into
the daughter isotope. T/F
(43) 4 pts. In the chart of radioactive decay
shown at the right:
(a) how many half-lives have elapsed by
this time? __2___
(b) how many half-lives have elapsed by
this time? __3____
(1) 2 pts. In general, rocks of the
continental crust are less dense than rocks
of the oceanic crust. T/F
(1) 2 pts. Hawaii is the oldest island of the
Hawaiian Island chain. T/F
(1) 2 pts. During various times in the geologic past, the polarity of Earth's magnetic field has been
reversed. T/F
(7) 2 pts. Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________.
A) drill holes
B) volcanic eruptions
C) seismic waves
D) examination of deep mine shafts
(21) 2 pts. Which wave is the last to reach the seismograph station?
A) P-waves
B) S-waves
C) Surface waves
D) Body waves
E) All of the waves reach the station at the same time
(22) 2 pts. Which of the following is true about seismographs taken far from the epicenter of the
earthquake as compared to those that are closer?
A) There will not be any P-waves detected
B) There will not be any S-waves detected
C) The P and S waves will be closer together
D) The P and S waves will be further apart
The following five questions refer to the faults in figure below.
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
(15) 2 pts. Which of
the above choices is
a true reverse fault?
i. A
ii. B
iii. C
iv. D v. E
vi. F
(16) 2 pts. Which of
the above choices is
a true normal fault?
i. A
ii. B
iii. C
iv. D v. E
vi. F
(17) 2 pts. Which is a
blind thrust fault?
i. A
iv. D
ii. B
v. E
iii. C
vi. F
(18) 2 pts. Which is a right-lateral, strike-slip fault?
i. A
ii. B
iii. C
iv. D
v. E
vi. F
(19) 2 pts. Which of the following pairs of faults are the results of compressive stresses?
i. a&b
ii. b&c
iii. d&e
iv. none of these
(23) 2 pts. What causes earthquakes in San Francisco?
A) Dip-slip faults from Subduction
B) Transform faults
C) Dip-slip faults from divergent plate boundaries
D) Dip-slip faults from convergent plate boundaries
E) These are intraplate earthquakes
(24) 2 pts. The __________ is measured in cross-sectional view as the angle of inclination from
horizontal of a tilted rock layer, and _______ is viewed in map view as the compass bearing of the rock
layer where it intersects a horizontal plane.
A. strike; strike
B. dip; dip
C. strike; dip
D. dip; strike
E. strike and dip; strike and dip
(25) 2 pts. Faults on which the dominant forces are extensional are recognized by the separation of the
pulled-apart rock layers in a zone of omission. These are ____________.
A. reverse faults
B. thrust faults
C. transform faults
D. strike-slip faults
E. normal faults
(27) 2 pts. ________ faults are commonly found at areas of plate convergence where subduction or
continental collision occurs.
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
A. Reverse
C. Transform
B. Normal
D. Strike-slip
Use the plot to the right for the next
2 questions. There are two sets of
data plotted, one on the left and
one on the right.
(33) 2 pts. What are the different
data sets, in order, from left to
right?
A. P-wave, Love-wave
B. Raleigh-wave, P-wave
C. S-wave, P-wave
D. S-wave, Love-wave
(34) 2 pts. What does the plot on
the left tell us about the outer core?
A. The outer core is liquid and Pwaves cannot travel through liquid.
B. The outer core is liquid and S-waves cannot travel through liquid.
C. The outer core is solid and P-waves cannot travel through solid.
D. The outer core is solid and P-waves cannot travel through solid.
(40) 4 pts. Using the
plot at the right,
choose the correct
names for the
seismic waves
labeled a, b, and c.
i. Surface-waves, Pwave, S-wave
ii. P-wave, S-wave,
Surface-waves
iii. S-wave, P-wave,
Surface-waves
iv. P-wave, Surface-waves, S-wave
.1. (Tsunamis travel across open oceans as a gravity wave (a “gravitational oscillation”), often obtaining
speeds in deep oceans of:
a. 10 mph b. 100 mph c. 500 mph
d. 1,500 mph.
.3. A ______________ is a record of a tsunami written on a tide gauge.
a. monogram b. marigram c. sonogram
d. mammogram
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
The following questions refer to the figure shown
below.
.4. What is the period of the tsunami wave
arrivals?
a. 40 minutes b. 70 minutes
c. 20 minutes
d. 10 minutes
.5. What was the maximum displacement
between any peak and trough?
a. 12 feet b. 15 feet c. 8 feet d. 6 feet
.6. About how long was the tsunami a problem in
this harbor?
a. 3 hrs b. longer than 11 hrs c. 2 days d. 2
minutes
.8. The tsunami wave train lasted for at least 11 hours!!
a. True
b. False
.7. Landslides and icebergs falling into the water can cause devastating tsunamis.
a. true b. false
What plate boundary is associated with tsunami hazards?
A. convergent B) divergent
C) transform
21. (1 pt.) Using the principals of paleoseismology, how many earthquakes are shown in the trench
exposing the fault to the right?
a. one event b. two events
c. three events d. four events
22. (4 pts.) What type of fault is this? a. normal fault
b. reverse fault c. strike slip
d. blind thrust
1. In the Figure below, where would you expect the worst shaking to
occur?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
2. In the same Figure, where would you expect the least shaking to occur?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
3. A body wave that will not travel through a liquid is a ____________.
a. Gravity wave b. P wave
c. S wave
d. none of these is correct
24. The energy for Plate Tectonics comes from
A) the magnetic field of the earth
B) heat from the sun
C) gravity between the earth and moon
D) ocean currents
E) heat from the earth's core
55. The Elastic Rebound Theory is made up of four parts. Which of the following is in the correct
sequential order?
a. stress, rebound, rupture, strain
b. rebound, rupture, stress, strain
c. stress, strain, rupture, rebound
d. none of these is correct
(16) 2 pts. Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of cross cutting relations?
A) Rocks are younger than a fault if they are cut by the fault.
B) Processes that cut across geological units are older than those geological units.
C) Processes that cut across geological units are younger than those geological units.
D) Fossils are younger than a fault if they are cut by the fault.
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
Which is younger (more recent), the fault or Rhyolite Dike B?
Which is younger, the Haephest Granite or Rhyolite Dike B?
Which is younger, the Leif Limestone or the Dink-Dink Sandstone?
Which is younger, the Dink-Dink Sandstone or the Plainview Shale?
Which is younger, Rhyolite Dike A or the Killarney Limestone? How do you know?
Which is younger, Rhyolite Dike A or the Haephast Granite?
Radiometric ages indicate that the Haephast Granite is 85 million years old, and Rhyolite Dike A is 30
million years old.
a. What can you say about the age of Rhyolite Dike C?
b. What can you say about the age of the Kings Sandstone?
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
Place the following in order of oldest to youngest: Rhyolite Dike C, Plainview Shale, Crinean Limestone,
Haephast Granite.
For the following 3 questions, use the figure below.
(23) 1 pt. Which type of volcano erupts with lava low in Si?
a) L
b) N
c) O
d) J
(24) 1 pt. Which
has the form of a
stratovolcano?
a) J
b) K
c) O
d) N
(25) 1 pt. Which
type of volcano is
the source for the
Columbia River
Flood Basalts?
a) N
b) J
c) L
d) O
(26) 1 pt. Which rocks are sorted properly, from low Si to high Si content?
a) Rhyolite, Dacite, Andesite, Basalt
b) Basalt, Andesite, Dacite, Rhyolite
c) Basalt, Dacite, Andesite, Rhyolite
d) Basalt, Rhyolite, Andesite, Dacite
(27) 1 pt. What is the range in time that the CRBs erupted?
a) 50 – 20 Ma b) 17 – 6 Ma c) 400 – 120 Ma
d) 15 Ma – 2 Ma
(28) 1 pt. Which Cascade volcanoes has the most frequent eruptions?
a) Mt. St. Helens
b) Mt. Adams
c) Mt. Hood
d) Mt. Ranier
(29) 1 pt. Which volcano type is associated with the correct rock?
a) fissure flow – rhyolite
b) shield volcano – granite
c) caldera – rhyolite
d) shield volcano – basalt
(47) 2 pts. In the diagram below, label each illustration where you would find each type of volcano:
Shield Volcano, Rift Volcano, Stratovolcano, Fissure Volcano
The Geology of Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, Mountains and Earthquakes
GEO142 Final
_______________
(44) 2 pts. The
distance between the
modern Hawaii
Volcano (Mauna Loa =
0 years old) and the
island that is circled is
3,200 km. What is the
plate motion rate for
the past 30 million
years? (Round your
answer to the nearest
mm.)
A. 156 mm/year
B. 458 mm/year
C. 107 mm/year
D. 352 mm/year
_______________
_______________
_______________