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Poetry Terms
General Vocabulary
Prose:
Writing organized into
sentences and paragraphs
that is not poetry.
e.g. Novels and short stories
are examples of prose.
Genre:
A term used to describe a
particular category or type of
literature. Some literary
genres are mysteries,
westerns, and romances.
Voice:
The authorial presence in a
piece of literature whether
in the first, second, or third
person.
Stanza:
A major subdivision in a
poem. A stanza of two lines
is called a couplet; a stanza
of three lines is called a
tercet; a stanza of four lines
is called a quatrain.
Quatrain:
A four-line stanza.
Refrain
• A line that is repeated in a poem
Meter:
The pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables in the
lines of a poem.
Couplets:
A pair of rhyming lines in a
poem often set off from the
rest of the poem.
Shakespeare’s sonnets all
end in couplets.
Sestet
6 line stanza
Tercet
3 line stanza
Rhyme Scheme
• The structure, pattern, and form of
rhyming in a poem
– For example:
•
•
•
•
I love the trees
They sway in the breeze
I like bushes too
And I love you
A
A
B
B
Iambic pentameter:
Ten-syllable lines in which
every other syllable is
stressed.
-’
e.g. “With eyes like stars
upon the brave night air.”
Poetic Forms
Villanelle
Nineteen Line
Five stanzas, each of three lines, with final
stanza being four lines
First line of stanza is repeated in last line of
second and fourth stanzas
Third line of first stanza is repeated as last line
of third and fifth stanzas
These two refrains lines follow each other to
become the second-to-last lines of the poem
The rhyme scheme is aba. The rhymes are
repeated according to the refrains
Sestina
39 lines
First stanza is a sestet (6 lines)
Lines of any length
The six words that end each of the lines of
the first stanza are repeated in a different
order at the end of lines in each of the
subsequent five stanzas.
The repeated words are unrhymed
Sestina Repetition Pattern
1 2 3 4 5 6 - End words of lines in first sestet.
6 1 5 2 4 3 - End words of lines in second sestet.
3 6 4 1 2 5 - End words of lines in third sestet.
5 3 2 6 1 4 - End words of lines in fourth sestet.
4 5 1 3 6 2 - End words of lines in fifth sestet
2 4 6 5 3 1 - End words of lines in sixth sestet.
Sestina Continued…
The first line of each sestet after the first
ends with the same word as the one that
ended the last line of the sestet before it.
In the closing tercet, (3 lines) each of the
six words are used, with one in the middle
of each line and one at the end.
Blank verse:
Unrhymed lines of poetry
usually in iambic pentameter.
Plenty of modern poetry is
written in blank verse.
Sonnet:
A fourteen-line poem written
in iambic pentameter.
Different kinds of sonnets have
different rhyme schemes. The
most notable are Shakespeare’s
Sonnets which employ the
abab,cdcd,efef,gg rhyme scheme.
Narrative
Poem that tells a story
For example:
Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Raven.”
Ballad
Poems inspired by melody
ABAB pattern or rhyme
Syllabic rhythm
In Scarlet Town, where I was born,
There was a fair maid dwellin'
Made every lad cry wellaway,
And her name was Barbara Ellen.
Elegy:
A poem mourning the dead.
Lyric:
A type of poetry that
expresses the poet’s
emotions. It often tells
some sort of brief story,
engaging the reader in the
experience.
Free Verse:
Poetry with no set
meter (rhythm) or
rhyme scheme.
Pastoral
Poems inspired by nature

Specifically, pastures
Poetry Lit Devices
Alliteration:
The repetition of consonant
sounds in lit
“Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled
Peppers.”
Assonance:
The repetition of vowel
sounds as in
“And so, all the night-tide, I lie down
by the side
Of my darling, my darling, my life and
my bride.
--Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee
Diction
1)Word choice.
2) The author’s choice of words.
Denotation
The dictionary definition of the
word.
e.g. The word “indolence”
denotes “laziness.”
Connotation
Implied meaning of a word
e.g. The word “cool” connotes
“an awesome or exciting thing.”
End rhyme:
Rhyming words that are at
the ends of their respective
lines—what we typically think
of as normal rhyme.
Internal rhyme:
A rhyme that occurs within
one line such as “He’s King of
the Swing.”
Slant Rhyme

A case where the rhyme is not a direct
rhyme, but is close enough to be
recognized as rhyme
-
trust/cusp
Lisp/list
Onomatopoeia:
The use of words that sound
like what they mean such as
“buzz,” “bang,” or “tic-tock.”
Pun:
The use of a word in a way that
plays on two or more different
meanings.
I wondered why the baseball was getting
bigger. Then it hit me.
TPCASTT…
What is it?
Why do we use it?
WHAT IS TPCASTT???
A no nonsense way of analyzing poetry.
 It takes you RIGHT THROUGH the
process on how to BEST understand how
to analyze a poem.

Steps in TPCASTT
Title - The meaning of the title without
reference to the poem
 Paraphrase - Put the poem, line by line, in
your own words. DO NOT READ INTO
THE POEM. Only read on surface level.
 Connotation - looking for deeper meaning
(literary devices)

TPCASTT steps continued…




Attitude - Looking for the author’s tone. How is
the writer speaking?
Shifts - Looking for shifts in tone, action, and
rhythm. Don’t just write the number. Discuss
how the shift(s) affects the poem.
Title - reevaluate the title as it pertains to the
poem
Theme - What does the poem mean? What is it
saying? How does it relate to life?