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LITERARY TERMS FOR Romeo and Juliet THE UNDERLINED TERMS SHOULD ALREADY BE FAMILIAR TO YOU, SO WE WILL NOT SPEND A LOT OF TIME DEFINING THEM. 1. SOLILOQUY—A speech that a character gives when he/she is alone on stage. Its purpose is to let the audience know what the character is thinking. 2. ASIDE—A character’s remark, either to the audience or to another character, that others on stage are not supposed to hear. Its purpose, too, is to reveal the character’s private thoughts. A stage direction usually indicates when an aside is being made. Asides are spoken to the audience unless the stage directions say otherwise. 3. MONOLOGUE—A long speech in a play 4. IMAGERY—Descriptive words and phrases that re-create sensory experiences for the reader. This usually appeals to one or more of the five senses. 5. PUN—A joke that is a play on words. Puns can make use of a word’s multiple meanings or of a word’s rhyme 6. METAPHOR—A comparison between two unlike objects without using like or as—This is stated as a fact where a simile uses like or as and only makes a comparison. 7. SIMILE—A comparison between two unlike objects using like or as. 8. RHYME-9. END RHYME—Rhyming at the ends of lines in poetry 10.INTERNAL RHYME—Rhyming that occurs within or in the middle of a line. 11.APPROXIMATE RHYME—Rhyme that occurs when the sounds are not quite identical (care and dear). Also known as slant rhyme, half rhyme, or near rhyme. 12.EXACT RHYME—Rhyme that occurs when the sounds are identical. Also known as perfect rhyme 13.METER—The regular pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in a line of poetry. Although all poems have rhythm, not all of them have regular meter. 14.FOOT—A single unit of meter in poetry 15.SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET—A 14 line poem of ababcdcdefefgg rhyme scheme written in iambic pentameter. This sonnet always contains 3 quatrains and a couplet. 16.PETRARCHAN SONNET—A 14 line poem that is either set up as an octave and a sestet or a sestet and an octave. This sonnet is named after the famous Italian poet named Petrarch. The rhyme scheme varies with a little more choice than the set rhyme scheme in the Shakespearean sonnet. 17.COUPLET—A two lined rhyming stanza 18.QUATRAIN—A four line segment or stanza in a poem 19.SESTET—A six line segment or stanza in a poem 20.OCTAVE—An eight line segment or stanza in a poem 21.BLANK VERSE—A form of poetry that uses unrhymed lines in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare uses this often 22.FREE VERSE—A form of poetry that has no set rhyme or metrical pattern. 23.IAMBIC PENTAMETER—A metrical pattern of five unstressed syllables, each one followed by a stressed syllable. The pattern is not perfect; sometimes there are breaks in the pattern. 24.DRAMATIC IRONY—When the audience knows something all of some of the characters do not 25.FORESHADOWING—Clues or hints about what is going to happen. 26.FOREBODING—A feeling of something bad going to happen. This can be foreshadowing but foreshadowing doesn’t have to be ominous or something negative like this. 27.TRAGEDY—A drama that ends in catastrophe—most often death—for the main character and often for several other important characters as well. Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet are prime examples. 28.TRAGIC HERO—The main character in a Shakespearean tragedy is usually someone who is nobly born and who may have great influence in his or her society. This character also has one or more fatal flaws—that leads to his or her downfall. Although the events in a tragedy are often set in motion by an action of the tragic hero, fate may also seem to play a role in the course that the events take. 29.TRAGIC FLAW— A weakness or a serious error in judgment possessed by the main character 30.COUPLET—Two rhyming lines—Ends a sonnet 31.FOIL—A character whose personality or attitudes are in sharp contrast to those of another character in the same work. By using a foil, the writer highlights the other character’s traits or attitude. Romeo is a foil to Mercutio. 32.ALLUSION—A brief reference, within a work, to something outside the work that the reader or audience is expected to know. 33.COMIC RELIEF—A humorous scene, incident, or speech that relieves the overall emotional intensity. It helps the audience to absorb the earlier events in the plot and get ready for the ones to come.