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19-5713; Rev 0; 12/10 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management General Description The MAX14811 integrated circuit generates high-voltage, high-frequency unipolar or bipolar pulses from low-voltage logic inputs. The dual pulser features independent logic inputs, independent high-voltage pulser outputs with active clamps, and independent high-voltage supply inputs. The device features fault condition management to protect the outputs. The outputs enter three-state if both INP_ and INN_ are logic-high. The device has a 9I output impedance for the high-voltage outputs and a 27I impedance for the active clamp. The high-voltage outputs are guaranteed to provide 2.0A (typ) output current. All the pulser outputs and clamp outputs have overvoltage protection. The device uses three logic inputs per channel to control the positive and negative pulses and active clamp. Also included are two independent enable inputs. Disabling EN_ ensures the output MOSFETs are not accidentally turned on during fast power-supply ramping. This allows for faster ramp times and shorter delays between pulsing modes. A low-power shutdown mode reduces power consumption to less than 1FA. All digital inputs are CMOS compatible. The device is available in a 7mm x 7mm, 56-pin TQFN exposed-pad package, and is specified over the 0NC to +70NC commercial temperature range. Features S Fault Condition Management S Highly Integrated, High-Voltage, High-Frequency Unipolar/Bipolar Pulser S 9I Output Impedance and 2.0A (typ) Output Current S 27I Active Clamp S Pulser and Clamp Overvoltage Protection S 0 to +220V Unipolar or ±110V Bipolar Outputs S Matched Rise/Fall Times and Matched Propagation Delays S CMOS-Compatible Logic Inputs S 7mm x 7mm, 56-Pin TQFN Package Applications Ultrasound Medical Imaging Cleaning Equipment Industrial Imaging/Flaw Detection Piezoelectric Drivers Test Equipment Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet. For related parts and recommended products to use with this part, refer to: www.maxim-ic.com/MAX14811.related ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (All voltages referenced to GND.) VDD Logic Supply Voltage Range............................ -0.3V to +7V VCC_ Output Driver Positive Supply Voltage Range......................................... -0.3V to +15V VEE_ Output Driver Negative Supply Voltage Range....................................... -15V to +0.3V VPP_ High Positive Supply Voltage Range......... -0.3V to +230V VNN_ High Negative Supply Voltage Range....... -230V to +0.3V VSS Voltage Range.................................. (VPP_ - 230V) to VNN_ VPP1 - VNN1, VPP2 - VNN2 Supply Voltage Range................................................... -0.6V to +230V INP_, INN_, INC_, EN_, SHDN Logic Input Range....................................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) OP_, OCP_, ON_, OCN_ Voltage Range.................... (-0.3V + VNN_) to (+0.3V + VPP_) CGN_ Voltage Range............. (-0.3V + VNN_) to (+15V + VNN_) CGP_ Voltage Range.............. (+0.3V + VPP_) to (-15V + VPP_) CGC_ Voltage Range............................................. -15V to +15V CDC_, CDP_, CDN_ Voltage Range..................... -0.3V to VCC_ Peak Current Per Output Channel ...................................... 3.0A Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC) (Note 1) TQFN (derate 40mW/NC above +70NC) ................... 3200mW Operating Temperature Range.............................. 0NC to +70NC Junction Temperature.................................................... +150NC Storage Temperature Range............................. -65NC to +150NC Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300NC Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260NC Note 1: This specification is based on the thermal characteristic of the package, the maximum junction temperature, and the setup described by JESD51. The maximum power dissipation for the MAX14811 might be limited by the thermal protection included in the device. Warning: The MAX14811 is designed to operate with high voltages. Exercise caution. PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 2) TQFN Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (BJA)...........25NC/W Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (BJC)...............0.8NC/W Note 2: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a fourlayer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = +2.7V to +6V, VCC_= +4.75V to +12.6V, VEE_= -12.6V to -4.75V, VNN_= -200V to 0, VPP_ = 0 to (VNN_+ 200V), VSS P the lower of VNN1 or VNN2, TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 3) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS POWER SUPPLY (VDD, VCC_, VEE_, VPP_, VNN_) Logic Supply Voltage VDD +2.7 +3 +6 V Positive Drive Supply Voltage VCC_ +4.75 +12 +12.6 V Negative Drive Supply Voltage VEE_ -12.6 -12 -4.75 V High-Side Supply Voltage VPP_ 0 VNN_ + 220 V Low-Side Supply Voltage VNN_ -200 0 V 0 +220 V 1 FA 200 FA VPP_ - VNN_ SUPPLY CURRENT (SINGLE CHANNEL) VDD Supply Current IDD VINN_ /VINP_ = 0V, VSHDN = 0V VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, VINC_ = 0V or VDD, VINN_ = VINP_, f = 5MHz 100 ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 2 *The parametric values (min, typ, max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table supersede values quoted elsewhere in this data sheet. MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS* (continued) (VDD = +2.7V to +6V, VCC_= +4.75V to +12.6V, VEE_= -12.6V to -4.75V, VNN_= -200V to 0, VPP_ = 0 to (VNN_+ 200V), VSS P the lower of VNN1 or VNN2, TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 3) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP VCC_ Supply Current VEE_ Supply Current ICC_ IEE_ VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, CH1 and CH2 130 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, VINC_ = 0V or VDD, VINN_ = VINP_, f = 5MHz, VCC_ = 5V, VDD = 3V, only one channel switching 15 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, VINC_ = 0V or VDD, VINN_ = VINP_, f = 5MHz, VCC_ = 12V, VDD = 3V, only one channel switching 36 IPP_ VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, CH1 and CH2 25 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, VINC_ = 0V or VDD, VINN_ = VINP_, f = 5MHz, VEE_ = -5V, only one channel switching 200 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, VINC_ = 0V or VDD, VINN_ = VINP_, f = 5MHz, VEE_ = -12V, only one channel switching 200 1 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, CH1 and CH2 90 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, VINC_ = 0V or VDD, VINN_ = VINP_, f = 5MHz, VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = -5V, no load, only one channel switching 9 INN_ FA 0.6 1 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, CH1 and CH2 40 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, VINC_ = 0V or VDD, VINN_ = VINP_, f = 5MHz, VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = -5V, no load, only one channel switching 9 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, VINC_ = 0V or VDD, VPP_ = +80V, VNN_ = -80V, pulse repetition frequency (PRF) = 10kHz, f = 10MHz, four periods, no load, only one channel switching 160 FA mA VSHDN = 0V, CH1 and CH2 VNN_ Supply Current mA 1 VEN_ = VDD, VSHDN = VDD, VINC_ = 0V or VDD, VPP_ = +80V, VNN_ = -80V, pulse repetition frequency (PRF) = 10kHz, f = 10MHz, four periods, no load, only one channel switching UNITS 200 VSHDN = 0V, CH1 and CH2 VSHDN = 0V, CH1 and CH2 VPP_ Supply Current MAX 1 VSHDN = 0V, CH1 and CH2 80 FA mA 0.6 ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 3 *The parametric values (min, typ, max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table supersede values quoted elsewhere in this data sheet. MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS* (continued) (VDD = +2.7V to +6V, VCC_= +4.75V to +12.6V, VEE_= -12.6V to -4.75V, VNN_= -200V to 0, VPP_ = 0 to (VNN_+ 200V), VSS P the lower of VNN1 or VNN2, TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 3) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 0.25 x VDD V LOGIC INPUTS (EN_, SHDN, INN_, INP_, INC_) Low-Level Input Voltage VIL High-Level Input Voltage VIH Logic-Input Capacitance CIN Logic-Input Leakage (INC_, SHDN, EN_ Only) IIN Pulldown Resistor (INN_, INP_ Only) 0.75 x VDD V 5 VIN = 0V or VDD RPIN -1 7 10 pF +1 FA 13 kI OUTPUT (OUT_) No load at OUT_ OUT_ Output-Voltage Range Low-Side Small-Signal Output Impedance High-Side Small-Signal Output Impedance VOUT_ RSOL RHOS Low-Side Output Current IOL High-Side Output Current IOH Off-Output Capacitance Off-Output Leakage Current Low-Side Signal-Clamp Output Impedance High-Side Signal-Clamp Output Impedance Low-Side Gate Short Impedance CO(OFF) ILK RCLS RCHS RLSH 100mA load VNN_ VPP_ VNN_ + 2.5 VPP_ 2.5 ION_ = -100mA, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, DC-coupled 9 17 ION_ = -100mA, VCC_ = +5V Q5%, DC-coupled 9.5 18 IOP_ = -100mA, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, DC-coupled 10.5 17 IOP_ = -100mA, VCC_ = +5V Q5%, DC-coupled 12 18 VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VOUT_ - VNN_ = 100V VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VOUT_ - VPP_ = 100V I I 1.3 2.5 A 1.3 2 A 45 pF OP_, ON_, OCP_ and OCN_ connected together, VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V, VEN_ = 0V, VOUT_ = -100V to +100V -1 +1 IOCN_ = -100mA, DC-coupled, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 22 50 IOCN_ = -100mA, DC-coupled, VCC_ = +5V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 24 65 IOCP_ = -100mA, DC-coupled, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 28 50 IOCP_ = -100mA, DC-coupled, VCC_ = +5V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 38 65 FA I I VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, ICGN_ = 10mA, VEN_ = 0V VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, ICGN_ = 10mA, VEN_ = VDD V 5 7.5 100 I 10 kI ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 4 *The parametric values (min, typ, max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table supersede values quoted elsewhere in this data sheet. MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS* (continued) (VDD = +2.7V to +6V, VCC_= +4.75V to +12.6V, VEE_= -12.6V to -4.75V, VNN_= -200V to 0, VPP_ = 0 to (VNN_+ 200V), VSS P the lower of VNN1 or VNN2, TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 3) PARAMETER High-Side Gate Short Impedance SYMBOL RHSH CONDITIONS MIN TYP VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, ICGP_ = 10mA, VEN_ = 0V VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, ICGP_ = 10mA, VEN_ = VDD 5 7.5 MAX UNITS 100 I 10 kI THERMAL SHUTDOWN Thermal Shutdown THDN Junction temperature rising Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis 150 NC 20 NC DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS (RL = 100I, CL = 100pF, unless otherwise noted.) Logic Input to Output Rise Propagation Delay tPLH VCC_ = +12V, VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = -5V, Figure 1 15 ns Logic Input to Output Fall Propagation Delay tPHL VCC_ = +12V, VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = -5V, Figure 1 15 ns Logic Input to Output Rise Propagation Delay tPOH VCC_ = +12V, VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = -5V, Figure 1 15 ns Logic Input to Output Fall Propagation Delay tPOL VCC_ = +12V, VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = -5V, Figure 1 15 ns Logic Input to Output Rise Propagation Delay Clamp tPHO VCC_ = +12V, VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = -5V, Figure 1 15 ns Logic Input to Output Fall Propagation Delay Clamp tPLO VCC_ = +12V, VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = -5V, Figure 1 15 ns OUT_ Rise Time (GND to VPP_) tROP VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, Figure 1 9 20 ns OUT_ Rise Time (VNN_ to GND) tRNO VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, Figure 1 17 35 ns OUT_ Rise Time (VNN_ to VPP_) tRNP VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, Figure 1 10.5 35 ns OUT_ Fall Time (GND to VNN_) tFON VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, Figure 1 9 20 ns OUT_ Fall Time (VPP_ to GND) tFPO VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, Figure 1 17 35 ns OUT_ Fall Time (VPP_ to VNN_) tFPN VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_, Figure 1 10.5 35 ns OUT_ Enable Time from EN_ (Figure 2) tEN VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ VCC_ = +5V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 100 OUT_ Disable Time from EN_ (Figure 2) tDI VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 100 150 Clamp Enable Time from INC_ (Figure 3) tEN-CL VCC_ = +5V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ VCC_ = +5V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 150 150 100 ns ns ns ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 5 *The parametric values (min, typ, max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table supersede values quoted elsewhere in this data sheet. MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS* (continued) (VDD = +2.7V to +6V, VCC_= +4.75V to +12.6V, VEE_= -12.6V to -4.75V, VNN_= -200V to 0, VPP_ = 0 to (VNN_+ 200V), VSS P the lower of VNN1 or VNN2, TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 3) PARAMETER Clamp Disable Time from INC_ (Figure 3) Short Enable Time from EN_ (Figure 4) Short Disable Time from EN_ (Figure 4) SYMBOL tDI-CL tEN-SH tDI-SH CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 100 VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ VCC_ = +5V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 150 VPP_ = +12V, VNN_ = 0V, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 1000 VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = 0V, VCC_ = +5V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 1000 VPP_ = +12V, VNN_ = 0V, VCC_ = +12V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 250 VPP_ = +5V, VNN_ = 0V, VCC_ = +5V Q5%, VEE_ = -VCC_ 250 UNITS ns ns ns INP_ to INN_ Fault Overlap Detection Time (Figure 5) tOV VDD = +3.3V Q5% Recovery Time from Fault Condition (Figure 6) tREC VDD = +3.3V, VCC_ = +12V Q5% 50 VPP_ = VCC_ = +5V, VNN_ = VEE_ = -5V, f = 5MHz 69 dB VPP_ = -VNN_ = 100V, fOUT = 5MHz, VCC_ = 12V -48 dB 9 ps Crosstalk 2nd Harmonic Distortion RMS Output Jitter 2HD tJ VCC_ = 12V 2 ns 120 ns Note 3: All units are 100% production tested at TA = +70NC. Specifications over operating temperature range are guaranteed by design. ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 6 *The parametric values (min, typ, max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table supersede values quoted elsewhere in this data sheet. MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management Typical Operating Characteristics (VDD = +3.3V, VCC_ = +12V, VEE_ = -12V, VSS = -100V, VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V, fOUT_ = 5MHz, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) ICC_ (mA) 0.50 0.48 20 0.42 5 0.40 0 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 0.40 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 0 10 20 MAX14811 toc04 0.80 4 PULSES, PRF = 10kHz 0.76 0.72 0.60 0.56 70 15 10 0.48 8 60 20 0.64 0.52 9 50 CONTINUOUS SWITCHING, VPP_ = VCC_ = +5V, VNN_ = VEE_ = -5V, VDD = +3.3V, NO LOAD 25 IPP_ (mA) IPP_ (mA) 10 40 IPP_ vs. OUTPUT FREQUENCY 30 0.68 11 30 TEMPERATURE (°C) IPP_ vs. OUTPUT FREQUENCY CONTINUOUS SWITCHING, fOUT_ = 2.5MHz, VPP_ = VCC_ = +5V, VNN_ = VEE_ = -5V, VDD = +3.3V, NO LOAD 12 5 FREQUENCY (MHz) ICC_ vs. TEMPERATURE 13 0.48 0.42 FREQUENCY (MHz) 14 0.50 0.44 MAX14811 toc05 1 0.52 0.46 10 0.44 5 0.44 7 0.40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 1 3 TEMPERATURE (°C) 9 11 13 15 1 10 MAX14811 toc07 8 0.64 6 IPP_ (mA) 7 0.60 0.56 CONTINUOUS SWITCHING, fOUT_ = 2.5MHz, VPP_ = VCC_ = +5V, VNN_ = VEE_ = -5V, VDD = +3.3V, NO LOAD 9 0.68 5 4 0.48 1 0.44 0.40 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 70 9 10 0.56 0.44 60 8 0.60 0.52 50 7 0.64 2 40 6 0.68 0.48 30 5 0.72 3 20 4 4 PULSES, PRF = 10kHz 0.76 0.52 10 3 INN_ vs. OUTPUT FREQUENCY 0.80 INN_ (mA) 0.72 0 2 FREQUENCY (MHz) IPP_ vs. TEMPERATURE 4 PULSES AT 10MHz, PRF = 10kHz 0.76 7 FREQUENCY (MHz) IPP_ vs. TEMPERATURE 0.80 5 MAX14811 toc09 ICC_ (mA) 0.54 25 15 0.46 IPP_ (mA) 0.56 MAX14811 toc08 ICC_ (mA) 0.52 MAX14811 toc03 30 0.54 4 PULSES AT 10MHz, PRF = 10kHz 0.58 ICC_ (mA) 0.56 CONTINUOUS SWITCHING, VPP_ = VCC_ = +5V, VNN_ = VEE_ = -5V, VDD = +3.3V, NO LOAD 35 ICC_ vs. TEMPERATURE 0.60 MAX14811 toc06 MAX14811 toc01 4 PULSES, PRF = 10kHz 0.58 ICC_ vs. OUTPUT FREQUENCY 40 MAX14811 toc02 ICC_ vs. OUTPUT FREQUENCY 0.60 0.40 0 10 20 30 40 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 70 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 FREQUENCY (MHz) ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 7 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VDD = +3.3V, VCC_ = +12V, VEE_ = -12V, VSS = -100V, VPP_ = +100V, VNN_ = -100V, fOUT_ = 5MHz, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) MAX14811 toc10 0.72 INN_ (mA) 15 10 5 0 2 3 4 5 6 0.60 0.56 6 7 8 9 0.52 3 0.48 2 0.44 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 OUT_ RISE TIME (GND TO VPP_) vs. VCC_/VEE_ SUPPLY VOLTAGE OUT_ FALL TIME (GND TO VNN_) vs. VCC_/VEE_ SUPPLY VOLTAGE INP_-TO-OUT_ RISE PROPAGATION DELAY vs. VCC_/VEE_ SUPPLY VOLTAGE 14 tFON (ns) 16 14 10 12 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 ±5 ±7.5 ±10 ±12 ±12.6 VCC_/VEE_ SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) ±4.75 MAX14811 toc16 RL = 100Ω, CL = 100pF 16 14 tPHL (ns) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 20 30 40 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 70 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 ±5 ±7.5 ±10 ±12 ±12.6 VCC_/VEE_ SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) ±4.75 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 RL = 100Ω, CL = 100pF ±5 ±7.5 ±10 ±12 ±12.6 VCC_/VEE_ SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) INP_-TO-OUT_ FALL PROPAGATION DELAY vs. VCC_/VEE_ SUPPLY VOLTAGE INP_-TO-OUT_ RISE PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE RL = 100Ω, CL = 100pF 11 10 INP_-TO-OUT_ FALL PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE 20 RL = 100Ω, CL = 100pF 18 16 14 tPHL (ns) ±4.75 22 21 20 tPLH (ns) 18 16 12 RL = 100Ω, CL = 100pF 20 MAX14811 toc14 MAX14811 toc13 22 MAX14811 toc15 TEMPERATURE (°C) 18 0 0 10 RL = 100Ω, CL = 100pF 18 4 TEMPERATURE (°C) 20 20 5 FREQUENCY (MHz) 22 tROP (ns) 7 0.64 0.40 1 tPLH (ns) 8 0.68 MAX14811 toc17 INN_ (mA) 20 CONTINUOUS SWITCHING, fOUT_ = 2.5MHz, VPP_ = VCC_ = +5V, VNN_ = VEE_ = -5V, VDD = +3.3V, NO LOAD 9 MAX14811 toc18 25 4 PULSES AT 10MHz, fPRF = 10kHz 0.76 INN_ (mA) CONTINUOUS SWITCHING, VPP_ = VCC_ = +5V, VNN_ = VEE_ = -5V, VDD = +3.3V, NO LOAD INN_ vs. TEMPERATURE 10 MAX14811 toc12 INN_ vs. TEMPERATURE 0.80 MAX14811 toc11 INN_ vs. OUTPUT FREQUENCY 30 12 10 8 6 4 2 ±4.75 ±5 ±7.5 ±10 ±12 ±12.6 VCC_/VEE_ SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 TEMPERATURE (°C) ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 8 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management CDN2 CGN2 VNN2 VNN2 N.C. ON2 OCN2 GND OCP2 OP2 N.C. VPP2 CGP2 TOP VIEW VPP2 Pin Configuration 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 CDP2 43 28 GND GND 44 27 VCC2 VCC2 45 26 INN2 CGC2 46 25 INC2 CDC2 47 24 INP2 23 EN2 VEE2 48 MAX14811 VDD 49 22 AGND VSS 50 21 SHDN VEE1 51 20 EN1 CDC1 52 19 INP1 CGC1 53 18 INC1 17 INN1 VCC1 54 GND 55 *EP + 16 VCC1 15 GND 10 11 12 13 14 CDN1 OP1 9 CGN1 N.C. 8 VNN1 VPP1 7 VNN1 VPP1 *EP = CONNECT EP TO VSS. 6 N.C. 5 ON1 4 OCN1 3 GND 2 OCP1 1 CGP1 CDP1 56 TQFN (7mm × 7mm) Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 CGP1 Channel 1 High-Side Gate Input. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDP1 and CGP1 as close as possible to the device. 2, 3 VPP1 Channel 1 High-Side Positive Supply-Voltage Input. Bypass VPP1 to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. Depending on the pulser lead, additional bypassing may be required (see the Power Supplies and Bypassing section). 4, 10, 33, 39 N.C. No Connection. Not connected internally. 5 OP1 Channel 1 High-Side Drain Output 6 OCP1 Channel 1 High-Side Clamp Output 7, 15, 28, 36, 44, 55 GND Ground 8 OCN1 Channel 1 Low-Side Clamp Output 9 ON1 Channel 1 Low-Side Drain Output 11, 12 VNN1 Channel 1 High-Side Negative Supply-Voltage Input. Bypass VNN1 to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. Depending on the pulser lead, additional bypassing may be required (see the Power Supplies and Bypassing section). ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 9 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management Pin Description (continued) PIN NAME FUNCTION 13 CGN1 Channel 1 Low-Side Gate Input. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDN1 and CGN1 as close as possible to the device. 14 CDN1 Channel 1 Low-Side Driver Output. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDN1 and CGN1 as close as possible to the device. 16, 54 VCC1 Channel 1 Gate-Drive Supply-Voltage Input. Bypass VCC1 to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. 17 INN1 Channel 1 Low-Side Logic Input (Table 1). INN1 has a 10kI pulldown resistor. 18 INC1 Channel 1 Clamp Logic Input. Clamps OCP1 and OCN1 are turned on when INC1 is high and when INP1 and INN1 are low and SHDN and EN1 are high (Table 1). 19 INP1 Channel 1 High-Side Logic Input (Table 1). INP1 has a 10kI pulldown resistor. 20 EN1 Channel 1 Enable Logic Input. Drive EN1 high to enable OP1, ON1, OCN1, and OCP1. Pull EN1 low to turn on the gate-source short circuit (Table 1). 21 22 SHDN AGND 23 EN2 Channel 2 Enable Logic Input. Drive EN2 high to enable OP2, ON2, OCN2, and OCP2. Pull EN2 low to turn on the gate-source short circuit (Table 1). 24 INP2 Channel 2 High-Side Logic Input (Table 1). INP2 has a 10kI pulldown resistor. 25 INC2 Channel 2 Clamp Logic Input. Clamps OCP2 and OCN2 are turned on when INC2 is high and when INP2 and INN2 are low and SHDN and EN2 are high (Table 1). 26 INN2 Channel 2 Low-Side Logic Input (Table 1). INN2 has a 10kI pulldown resistor. 27, 45 VCC2 Channel 2 Gate-Drive Supply-Voltage Input. Bypass VCC2 to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. 29 CDN2 Channel 2 Low-Side Driver Output. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDN2 and CGN2 as close as possible to the device. 30 CGN2 Channel 2 Low-Side Gate Input. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDN2 and CGN2 as close as possible to the device. 31, 32 VNN2 Channel 2 High-Side Negative Supply-Voltage Input. Bypass VNN2 to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. Depending on the output, additional bypassing may be required (see the Power Supplies and Bypassing section). 34 ON2 Channel 2 Low-Side Drain Output 35 OCN2 Channel 2 Low-Side Clamp Output 37 OCP2 Channel 2 High-Side Clamp Ouput 38 OP2 Channel 2 High-Side Drain Ouput 40, 41 VPP2 Channel 2 High-Side Positive Supply-Voltage Input. Bypass VPP2 to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. Depending on the pulser lead, additional bypassing may be required (see the Power Supplies and Bypassing section). 42 CGP2 Channel 2 High-Side Gate Input. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDP2 and CGP2 as close as possible to the device. 43 CDP2 Channel 2 High-Side Driver Output. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDP2 and CGP2 as close as possible to the device. Active-Low Shutdown Logic Input (Table 1) Analog Ground. AGND must be connected to common GND. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 10 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management Pin Description (continued) PIN NAME FUNCTION 46 CGC2 Channel 2 High-Side Clamp Gate Input. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDC2 and CGC2 as close as possible to the device. 47 CDC2 Channel 2 High-Side Clamp Driver Output. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDC2 and CGC2 as close as possible to the device. 48 VEE2 Channel 2 Negative Supply Input. |VEE2| P |VCC2|. Gate-drive supply voltage for the OCP2 clamp. Bypass VEE2 to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. 49 VDD Logic Supply-Voltage Input. Bypass VDD to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. Depending on the pulser lead, additional bypassing may be required (see the Power Supplies and Bypassing section). 50 VSS Substrate Voltage. Connect VSS to a voltage equal to or more negative than the more negative of VNN1 or VNN2. Bypass VSS to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. 51 VEE1 Channel 1 Negative Supply Input. |VEE1| P |VCC1|. Gate-drive supply voltage for the OCP1 clamp. Bypass VEE1 to GND with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. 52 CDC1 Channel 1 High-Side Clamp Driver Output. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDC1 and CGC1 as close as possible to the device. 53 CGC1 Channel 1 High-Side Clamp Gate Input. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDC1 and CGC1 as close as possible to the device. 56 CDP1 Channel 1 High-Side Driver Output. Connect a 1nF to 10nF capacitor between CDP1 and CGP1 as close as possible to the device. — EP Exposed Pad. EP must be connected to VSS. Do not use EP as the only VSS connection for the device. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 11 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management Detailed Description The MAX14811 integrated circuit generates high-voltage, high-frequency unipolar or bipolar pulses from low-voltage logic inputs. The dual pulser features independent logic inputs, independent high-voltage pulser outputs with active clamps, and independent high-voltage supply inputs. accidentally turned on during fast power-supply ramping. This allows for faster ramp times and shorter delays between pulsing modes. A low-power shutdown mode reduces power consumption to less than 1FA. All digital inputs are CMOS compatible. Logic Inputs (INP_, INN_, INC_, EN_, SHDN) The device features fault condition management to protect the outputs. The outputs enter three-state if both INP_ and INN_ are logic-high. The device has a 9I output impedance for the high-voltage outputs and a 27I impedance for the active clamp. The high-voltage outputs are guaranteed to provide 2.0A (typ) output current. All the pulser outputs and clamp outputs have overvoltage protection. The device has a total of nine logic-input signals. SHDN controls the power-up and power-down of the device. There are two sets of INP_, INN_, INC_, and EN_ signals: one for each channel. Each INP_ and INN_ input has a 10kI (typ) pulldown resistor. INP_ controls the on and off states of the high-side FET, INN_ controls the on and off states of the low-side FET, INC_ controls the active clamp, and EN_ controls the gate-to-source short. These signals give complete control of the output stage of each driver (see Table 1 for all logic combinations). The device uses three logic inputs per channel to control the positive and negative pulses and active clamp. Also included are two independent enable inputs. Disabling EN_ ensures the output MOSFETs are not The device logic inputs are CMOS-logic-compatible and the logic levels are referenced to VDD for maximum flexibility. The low 5pF (typ) input capacitance of the logic inputs reduces loading and increases switching speed. Table 1. Truth Table INPUTS OUTPUTS STATE SHDN EN_ INP_ INN_ INC_ OP_ ON_ OCP_, OCN_ 0 X X X X High Impedance High Impedance High Impedance Power-down, INP_/INN_ disabled, gate-source short disabled, clamp disabled. 1 0 X X X High Impedance High Impedance High Impedance Power-down, INP_/INN_ disabled, gate-source short enabled, clamp disabled. 1 1 0 0 0 High Impedance High Impedance High Impedance Power-up, all inputs enabled, gatesource short disabled. 1 1 0 0 1 High Impedance High Impedance GND Power-up, all inputs enabled, gatesource short disabled. 1 1 0 1 X High Impedance VNN_ High Impedance Power-up, all inputs enabled, gatesource short disabled. 1 1 1 0 X VPP_ High Impedance High Impedance Power-up, all inputs enabled, gatesource short disabled. 1 1 1 1 X High Impedance High Impedance High Impedance Fault condition if INP_ = 1 and INN_ = 1 for more than 5.5ns. X = Don’t care, 0 = Logic-low, 1 = Logic-high. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 12 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management High-Voltage Output Protection The device’s high-voltage outputs feature an integrated overvoltage protection circuit that allows the user to implement multilevel pulsing by connecting the outputs of multiple pulser channels in parallel. Internal diodes in series with the ON_ and OP_ outputs prevent the body diode of the high-side and low-side FETs from switching on when a voltage greater than VNN_ or VPP_ is present on the output. See the Functional Diagram. Active Clamps The device features an active clamp circuit to improve pulse quality and reduce 2nd harmonic output. The clamp circuit consists of an n-channel (DC-coupled) and a p-channel (AC and DC delay coupled) high-voltage FETs that are switched on or off by the logic clamp input (INC_). The device features protected clamp devices, allowing the clamp circuit to be used in bipolar pulsing circuits (see the Functional Diagram and Figure 1). A diode in series with the OCN_ output prevents the body diode of the low-side FET from turning on when a voltage lower than GND is present. Another diode in series with the OCP_ output prevents the body diode of the highside FET from turning on when a voltage higher than ground is present. The user can connect the active clamp input (INC_) to a logic-high voltage and drive only the INP_ and INN_ inputs to minimize the number of signals used to drive the device. In this case, whenever both the INP_ and INN_ inputs are low and the INC_ input is high, the active clamp circuit pulls the output to GND through the OCP_ and OCN_ outputs (see Table 1 for more information). Fault Protection The device features fault protection management to protect the outputs. When INP_ and INN_ are both logichigh, the outputs (OP_, ON_, OCP_, and OCN_) enter a high-Z state. Power-Supply Ramping and Gate-Source Short Circuit The device includes a gate-source short circuit that is controlled by the enable input (EN_). When SHDN is high and EN_ is low, a 60I switch shorts together the gate and source of the high-side output FET. At the same time, a similar switch shorts the gate and source of the lowside output FET (Table 1). The gate-source short circuit prevents accidental turn-on of the output FETs due to the ramping voltage on VPP_ and VNN_, and allows for faster ramping rates and smaller delay times between pulsing modes. Shutdown Mode SHDN is common to both channel 1 and channel 2 and powers up or down the device. Drive SHDN low to power down all internal circuits (except the clamp circuits). When SHDN is low, the device is in the lowest power state (1FA) and the gate-source short circuit is disabled. The device takes 1Fs (typ) to become active when SHDN is disabled. Thermal Protection A thermal shutdown circuit with a typical threshold of +150NC prevents damage due to excessive power dissipation. When the junction temperature exceeds TJ = +150NC, all outputs are disabled. Normal operation typically resumes after the IC’s junction temperature drops below +130NC. Applications Information AC-Coupling Capacitor Selection The value of all AC-coupling capacitors (between CDP_ and CGP_ and between CDN_ and CGN_) must be between 1nF and 10nF. The voltage rating of the capacitor must be at least as high as VPP_. Place the capacitors as close as possible to the device. Because INP_ and part of INC_ are AC-coupled to the output devices, they cannot be driven high indefinitely when the device is active. Power Dissipation The device’s power dissipation consists of three major components caused by the current consumption from VCC_, VPP_, and VNN_. The sum of these components (PVCC_, PVPP_, and PVNN_) must be kept below the maximum power-dissipation limit. See the Typical Operating Characteristics section for more information on typical supply currents vs. switching frequencies. The device consumes most of the supply current from VCC_ supply to charge and discharge internal nodes such as the gate capacitance of the high-side FET (CP) and the low-side FET (CN). Neglecting the small quiescent supply current and a small amount of current used to charge and discharge the capacitances at the internal gate clamp FETs, the power consumption can be estimated as follows: PVCC_ = [(CN × VCC_2 × fIN) + (CP × VCC_2 × fIN)] × (BRF × BTD) ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 13 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management fIN = fINN_ = fINP_ where fINN_ and fINP_ are the switching frequencies of the inputs INN_ and INP_, respectively, and where BRF is the burst repetition frequency and BTD is the burst time duration. The typical value of the gate capacitances of the power FET are CN = 0.2nF, CP = 0.4nF. For an output load that has a resistance of RL and capacitance of CL, the power dissipation can be estimated as follows (assume square-wave output and neglect the resistance of the switches): 2 2 V 1 PVPP_ = (C O + C L ) × fIN × (VPP_ − VNN_ ) + PP_ × ×( BRF × BTD) 2 RL where CO is the device’s output capacitance. Power Supplies and Bypassing The device operates from independent supply voltage sets (only VDD and VSS are common to both channels). The logic input circuit operates from a +2.7V to +6V single supply (VDD). The level-shift driver dual supplies, VCC_/VEE_ operate from Q4.75V to Q12.6V. The VPP_/VNN_ high-side and low-side supplies are driven from a single positive supply up to +220V, from a single negative supply up to -200V, or from Q110V dual supplies. Either VPP_ or VNN_ can be set at 0V. Bypass each supply input to ground with a 0.1FF capacitor as close as possible to the device. Depending on the load of the pulser, additional bypassing may be needed to keep the output of VPP_ and VNN_ stable during output transitions. For example, with COUT = 100pF and ROUT = 100I load, additional 10FF (typ) capacitor is recommended. VSS is the substrate voltage and must be connected to a voltage equal to or more negative than the more negative voltage of VNN1 or VNN2. Exposed Pad and Layout Concerns The device provides an exposed pad (EP) underneath the TQFN package for improved thermal performance. The EP is internally connected to VSS. Connect EP to VSS externally and do not run traces under the package to avoid possible short circuits. To aid heat dissipation, connect EP to a similarly sized pad on the component side of the PCB. This pad should be connected through to the solder-side copper by several plated holes to a large heat-spreading copper area to conduct heat away from the device. The device’s high-speed pulser requires low-inductance bypass capacitors to their supply inputs. High-speed PCB trace design practices are recommended. Pay particular attention to minimize trace lengths and use sufficient trace width to reduce inductance. Use of surfacemount components is recommended. Supply Sequencing VSS must be lower than or equal to the more negative voltage of VNN1 or VNN2 at all times. No other powersupply sequencing is required for the device. Typical Applications Circuit Figure 7 shows the MAX14811 in a bipolar pulsing application. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 14 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management Functional Diagram VDD VCC_ CDP_ CGP_ VPP_ VDD VCC_ LEVEL SHIFTER INP_ CDP_ CGP_ OP_ VSS GND VDD LEVEL SHIFTER INC_ VEE_ CDC_ CGC_ OCP_ SHDN VSS SHORT CIRCUIT EN_ MAX14811 VSS VDD VSS OCN_ VCC_ LEVEL SHIFTER GND VSS VDD ON_ VCC_ LEVEL SHIFTER INN_ CGN_ CDN_ VNN_ GND VEE_ CDC_ CGC_ CDN_ CGN_ ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 15 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management tFPN 90% OUT_ 90% 10% tFON 90% 10% 10% tROP tRNO 90% tPOH tPHO 50% GND tFPO 90% 10% INP_ VPP_ 10% 10% VNN_ tRNP 50% 50% 50% tPLH tPHL tPOL tPLO VDD 50% INN_ 50% 50% 50% GND INC_ = HIGH Figure 1. Detailed Timing (RL = 100I, CL = 100pF) OUT_ (INP_ = HIGH) GND 10% OUT_ (INN_ = HIGH) 10% tDI EN_ 50% tEN 50% INC_ = HIGH Figure 2. Enable Timing (RL = 100I, CL = 100pF) ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 16 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management OUT_ (VPP_) 1kΩ PULLUP RESISTOR TO VPP_ GND 10% 10% 1kΩ PULLDOWN RESISTOR TO VNN_ 10% OUT_ (VNN_) tEN-CL tDI-CL INC_ Figure 3. Active Clamp Timing (RL = 100I, CL = 100pF) +12V 90% CGN_ GND 10% 10% GND CGP_ -12V tDI-SH EN_ 10% tEN-SH 50% 1kΩ PULLUP RESISTOR BETWEEN CGN_ AND +12V. 1kΩ PULLDOWN RESISTOR BETWEEN CGP_ AND -12V. Figure 4. Short-Circuit Timing (RL = 100I, CL = 100pF) ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 17 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management tOV VDD 50% INN_ 50% GND VDD INP_ GND OUT_ +100V +90V GND Figure 5. INP_ to INN_ Fault Overlap Detection Timing VDD INN_ GND VDD INP_ 50% GND OUT_ GND -10V -100V tREC Figure 6. Recovery from Fault Condition Timing ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 18 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management -100V -12V +3V -12V +12V +12V -100V GND CDP2 VCC2 CGC2 VEE2 CDC2 VSS VDD VEE1 CDC1 CGC1 GND VCC1 CGP1 2 VPP1 VPP2 41 3 VPP1 VPP2 40 4 N.C. N.C. 39 5 OP1 OP2 38 6 OCP1 OCP2 37 7 GND 8 OCN1 OCN2 35 9 ON1 ON2 34 MAX14811 OUT2 GND 36 10 N.C. N.C. 33 11 VNN1 VNN2 32 12 VNN1 VNN2 31 EP 13 CGN1 14 CDN1 +100V -100V CGN2 30 INN2 INC2 INP2 EN2 AGND SHDN EN1 INP1 INC1 INN1 VCC1 GND CDN2 29 GND OUT1 CGP2 42 1 VCC2 +100V CDP1 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 VDD +12V VDD +12V Figure 7. Dual Bipolar Pulsing, ±100V, GND PART MAX14811CTN+ Ordering Information TEMP RANGE PROTECTED OUTPUTS OUTPUT CURRENT (A) PIN-PACKAGE 0°C to +70°C OCP_, OCN_, OP_, ON_ 2.0 56 TQFN-EP* +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. *EP = Exposed pad. Warning: The MAX14811 is designed to operate with high voltages. Exercise caution. Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 56 TQFN-EP T5677+1 21-0144 90-0042 ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 19 MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High-Voltage Digital Pulsers with Fault Condition Management Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 12/10 DESCRIPTION Initial release PAGES CHANGED — Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2010 Maxim Integrated Products 20 Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.