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Principles of Horticulture, edition 6 The Origins of Plant Names: Words often used as species names, with Latin or Greek derivation, describe features to separate them from others species, e.g. latifolia, lat meaning broad and folia meaning leaves. hirsuta, meaning hairy trifolia, meaning three leaflets form the leaf japonica, from Japan elata, meaning tall scandens, meaning climbing Similarly, genus names may be descriptive, e.g. Odontoglossum, odons meaning tooth and glossa, a tongue; this describes the shape of the flower of this orchid. Impatiens, meaning hasty, describing the explosion of seed pods when touched. Halimodendron, derived from halimus meaning coast and dendron meaning a tree; so a ‘seaside shrub’. Often, the genus, species, or variety names include the whole or part of the name, e.g. a) A person who first found or bred the plant, e.g. Saintpaulia, names after Baron Walter von St. Paul, who discovered it. Abelia, named after Dr. Clarke Abel who discovered Abelia chinensis in China. darwinii, quite a common species name after Darwin. ‘King George’; there is a whole host of cultivar names after famous people and family members of the breeder. b) Collectors, e.g. Sir Joseph Banks was a wealthy British naturalist from Lincolnshire, who, as a result of his membership of Captain Cook’s first voyage which included Australasia in the 1760’s, brought to the west, eucalyptus, mimosa and the genus Banksii. He had a large botanical collection and some eighty plant species bear his name as a result of many journeys, including North America and the British Isles. Banks was responsible for organising the first Kew collections whilst supervising the development of Kew Gardens. Some of the species named after Banks include Grevillea banksii, Cordyline banksii, Astelia, banksii, Columnea x banksii, Banksii integrifolia, Banksii serrata. Sir Harold Hillier was a 20th century horticulturist who developed his father’s nursery to be the leading nursery it remains today. He collected plants from around the world and established his own collection in the Hillier arboretum now donated for public view. Plants carrying his name include Magnolia ‘Sir Harold Hillier’, Tilia ‘Harold Hillier’. Roy Lancaster, is a former curator of the Hillier arboretum and plant collector; he named Ulmus x hollandia ‘Jacqueline Hillier’ after Harold Hillier’s daughter-in-law. John Tradescant – father and son, were gardeners for the royal palacies in the `16th and 17th centuries. They were great seed collectors and established a museum and botanical garden in London. The genus Tradescantia was named in their honour. St. Mary at Lambeth churchyard is the site of their burial and has since become The Garden Museum which houses a garden and exhibitions and provides information about garden and their design. See www.museumgardenhistory.org David Bowman was a 19th century Scottish plant collector who travelled to South America in search of orchids, along with a number of other collectors of the time. Dieffenbachia bowmanii is named after him. George Forrest was a prolific and intrepid collector, principally in China, resulting in many species now familiar in gardens and having the epithet forrestii. William Lobb and his younger brother Thomas Lobb were two more 19th century collectors who contributed well know species in the west, including Araucasia araucana (Monkey Puzzle Tree) from Chile and Sequoiadendron giganteum ‘Wellingtonia’, the Giant Redwood, from North America. Many more plant collectors and naturalists gave their names to plants, including many from the following list of collectors: Frederick William Burbidge David Burke Henry Chesterton George Clifton Robert Oliver Cunningham Charles Curtis Walter Davis Robert Fortune Josiah Gregg Joseph Dalton Hooker Guillermo Kalbreyer Harry Keith Peter MacOwan Charles Maries William Mesny William Morrison Augustus Frederick Oldfield Richard Pearce William Purdom Victor Reiter Lewis Roberts Paul Sintenis John Gould Veitch Gustav Wallis Ernest Henry (Chinese) Wilson Further reading: The Names of Plants, David Gledhill. Cambridge University Press, 2008. Plant Names, Roger Spencer, Rob Cross, P.F.Lumley. Csiro Publishing, 2007. Stearn’s Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners, William Thomas Stearn. Timber Press, 2002.