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Review
The World at War, Again
The Rise of Mussolini & Hitler
Part I: Match the term with its definition or characteristic.
Putsch: German word for “rebellion;” Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch is when he tried to overthrow the
government but it failed.
Sudetenland: part of Czechoslovakia where millions of German-speaking people lived; Hitler wanted
it to be part of Germany.
Anschluss: the unification of Austria with Germany to create “Greater Germany”
Sitzkrieg: the “sitting war”; when England & France did nothing to stop Hitler’s march across
Europe
Dunkirk: small French port where the Allied troops were trapped by the Germans at the beginning
of World War 2
Nazi: party controlled by Hitler; National Socialist German Worker’s Party
Mein Kampf: Hitler’s book; written in jail; title means “My Struggle”
Luftwaffe: German air force
Blitzkrieg: lightning war; developed by Germany; fast moving attack on opponent
Kristallnacht: “Night of Broken Glass”; first episode of anti-Semitism in Germany & Austria
Lebensraum: “living space”; Hitler wants territory for his new Germany & for the master race
Nationalism: extreme patriotism; our people are better than yours & your should get out of our
country.
Part II: Put the following events in chronological order (10 @ 1 point each)
1. 1919: Versailles Peace Conference & Treaty
2. 1922: Mussolini comes to power in Italy
3. 1923: Hitler & the failed Beer Hall Putsch
4. 1929: Great Depression begins
5. 1931: Japan invades China
6. 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
7. 1936: Rome-Berlin Axis created
8. 1938: Anschluss (Germany annexes Austria)
Munich Peace Conference—Hitler given the Sudetenland
9. 1939: Germany takes remainder of Czechoslovakia
Germany invades Poland; WW2 begins
10. 1940: Japan becomes part of the Axis Powers
11. 1941: Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; U.S. declares war on Axis Powers
Part III: Multiple Choice
1. What was the immediate cause of World War II (why did France & England declare war
on Germany?) Germany invaded Poland which caused France & England to declare war on
Germany.
2. What nations made up the Axis powers at the beginning of WW2 in 1939? Germany & Italy (along
with Japan in 1940)
3. What nations made up the Allied powers at the beginning of WW2 in 1939? Britain & France
(eventually joined by the Soviet Union & the U.S.)
4. What was the name given to the lightning war of Germany during World War II? Blitzkrieg
5. How did the collapse of the U.S. stock market & economy affect Europe after 1929? Europe was
plunged in social & economic chaos which caused the rise of dictatorships in Italy & Germany.
6. What was the name of the agreement formed between Germany & Russia in 1939? What was the
objective of this treaty? Non-Aggression Pact
7. What wartime policy did the Neutrality Act of 1939 created to help England fight against the
Germans? Cash & Carry
8. What was the purpose of the Atlantic Charter? How the world would be after the war.
9. What two nations issued the Atlantic Charter? England & the U.S.
10. In 1938 & 1939, what foreign policy of yielding to Rome-Berlin Axis demands did Great Britain
& France follow in order to preserve peace? Appeasement
11. After conquering Poland, where did Hitler turn for more “living space”? Western Europe
12. On what nation was the “blitzkrieg” first used? Poland
13. What event caused the U.S. to follow the policy of isolation between 1930 & 1939?
Great Depression
16. What title was Hitler called by the German people? Der Fuhrer
17. How did the Munich Peace Conference serve as an example of appeasement? France & England
gave into Hitler’s demand that Germany should be given the Sudetenland.
18. Which foreign policy did the U.S. government have before World War II? Isolation & neutrality
19. Why were many Americans committed to this policy in the 1920s & 1930s? Many Americans did
not want to fight in another European war.
20. What was the main purpose of the “land grab” by Germany immediately before the start of
World War II? Hitler wanted to create living space for Germans (lebensraum.)
21. Why was the decision to allow Hitler to annex the Sudetenland popular with many people?
Giving Hitler the Sudetenland would avoid war which many wanted to happen.
22. By the end of spring, 1940, what countries were under Nazi occupation? Poland, France,
Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg
23. Historically, which has tended to occur in nations that experience continuing severe political
instability & economic depression? rise of a dictator
24. Why were the Nazis able to become the most powerful political party in Germany (by 1933)? The
Nazis promised security & jobs, so they became very popular with many people
25. What was goal of the isolationists in Congress in the 1930s? Keep the U.S. out of another
European war.
26. What policies did the U.S. for helping Great Britain at the beginning of World War II? Cash &
Carry, Lend-Lease, & Destroyers for Bases
27. What did British PM Chamberlain mean by his quote “peace in our time”? Because England &
France had given in to Hitler’s demands, they had avoided another war.
28. What were the U.S. policies to help the Allies (without sending troops)? Cash & Carry, LendLease, & Destroyers for Bases
29. Where was the Battle for Britain fought? In the skies over England
30. What was the purpose of the Munich Peace Conference? to determine what would happen to the
Sudetenland.
31. What is the significance of the Miracle at Dunkirk? The French & the British were able to save
338,000 people from becoming prisoners of war; it also kept Hitler from winning.
32. What was the purpose of the Atlantic Charter? How the world would be after the war.
33. What secret technology did the British use to defeat the Germans in the Battle of Britain?
RADAR
34. Why did fascism appealed to Italians? The Fascists promised jobs & security & to end the
fighting between factions in the government.
35. Which of the following was the major reason for Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in Germany? The
Nazis offered real solutions to the problems affecting Germany during the Great Depression.
36. What is the purpose of having a scapegoat under an authoritarian government? The scapegoat
allows people to blame one group so they have something to vent their anger on.
37. Which is the most valid conclusion to be drawn from a study of the rise of power of the Nazi
party in Germany in the 1930s? Difficult times in a country could lead to the rise of a dictator;
people should be careful about the messages they hear from politicians.
38. What was the overriding concern of the U.S. in the period 1930 to 1935? The Great Depression
39. Which of the following would be a characteristic of Italy under Mussolini & Germany under
Adolf Hitler? Government control of the media; no right to protest against the government; one
political party only allowed; use of secret police
40. Fascism in Europe during the 1920s & 1930s is best described as what type of government?
dictatorship, totalitarian or authoritarian
41. How successful was the Beer Hall Putsch? the Beer Hall Putsch was NOT successful; Hitler
went to jail where he wrote his book Mein Kampf
42. Which situation contributed to Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in Germany after World War I?
The Great Depression; affects of the Treaty of Versailles
43. What was Hitler’s belief about the Treaty of Versailles? Hitler believed the Treaty of Versailles
did not apply to them any more; he did not want to live up to the conditions b/c they punished
Germany too harshly.
44. What was the effect of the Great Depression on European fascists?
The Great Depression help increase the popularity of the European fascists.
45. What factors would give rise to the dictatorships of Mussolini & Hitler?
Political instability; economic insecurity; social chaos.
Part IV: False to True statements
1. Hitler’s successful Beer Hall Putsch allowed him to take controls of the German government in
1923. The Beer Hall Putsch was NOT successful; Hitler went to jail
2. Hitler & Stalin signed the Anschluss Pact which allowed Germany & the Soviet Union to declare
war on France. Germany & Russia signed the Non-Aggression Pact.
3. The Battle of Britain took place at the English town of Hastings where Nazi troops were defeated
by the English, French, & Americans. The Battle of Britain took place in the skies over England.
4. The German Army destroyed the Allied forces at Dunkirk leading to peace talks with the French
& the British. The French & British were able to save 338,000 troops from the Germans at Dunkirk.
5. At the beginning of World War II, the U.S. sent troops to fight with the English & the French at
the Belgian town of Dunkirk. At the beginning of the war, the U.S. was neutral.
Part V: Critical Response
Read the selection & answer the questions that follow.