Download Cell Cycle Basics - Lyndhurst Schools

Name: ____________________________
Section: ____________________________
Date: ____________________________
Cell Cycle Basics
-
Two types of cells found in sexually reproducing organisms are:
o ______________________________________________________________________________
o ______________________________________________________________________________
-
Each of these types of cells has a different function and therefore needs to divide for different reasons
o Three reasons why somatic cells need to divide:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
o One reason why germ cells need to divide:

-
________________________________________________________________________
Because each of these cells divides for a different reason, it uses a different process to divide:
o ______________________________________________________________________________
o ______________________________________________________________________________
-
No matter is a cell is dividing by MITOSIS or MEIOSIS it goes through INTERPHASE beforehand.
o Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle and is broken up into 3 stages:

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
o Examples of mitosis:

Cats have 38 chromosomes, body cells of cats carry out mitosis as follows:

Chickens have 78 chromosomes, body cell of chickens carry out mitosis as follows:
-
The basics of MEIOSIS:
o Kind of cell that carries out meiosis: ________________________________________________
o Characteristics of the parent cell: ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
o Number of daughter cells formed: __________________________________________________
o Characteristics of daughter cells formed: ____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
o Examples of meiosiss

Cats have 38 chromosomes, sex cells of cats carry out meiosis as follows:

Chickens have 78 chromosomes, sex cell of chickens carry out meiosis as follows:
Cell Cycle Basics
-
Two types of cells found in sexually reproducing organisms are:
o Somatic cells (Body cells)
o Germ cells (Sex cells)
-
Each of these types of cells has a different function and therefore needs to divide for different reasons
o Three reasons why somatic cells need to divide:

To allow an organism to grow

To replace dead cells

To replace and heal damaged cells
o One reason why germ cells need to divide:

-
To allow an organism to reproduce
Because each of these cells divides for a different reason, it uses a different process to divide:
o Mitosis
o Meiosis
-
No matter is a cell is dividing by MITOSIS or MEIOSIS it goes through INTERPHASE beforehand.
o Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle and is broken up into 3 stages:
G1: Growth 1: The cell grows and produces new organelles.
S: Synthesis: DNA replicates (makes a copy of itself)
G2: Growth 2: The cell continues to grow and checks itself to make sure everything has been
copied correctly before continuing to mitosis.
-
The basics of MITOSIS:
o Kind of cell that carries out mitosis: Somatic cell (Body cell)
o Characteristics of the parent cell: The process starts with 1 cell with the “normal number” of
chromosomes (ex: 46 in humans, 60 in buffalo)
o Number of daughter cells formed: 2
o Characteristics of daughter cells formed: Each cell is an exact copy of the parent cell (same
number of chromosomes and same combination of DNA)
o Examples of mitosis:

Cats have 38 chromosomes, body cells of cats carry out mitosis as follows:
Interphase
76
38
Mitosis
38

38
Chickens have 78 chromosomes, body cell of chickens carry out mitosis as follows:
Interphase
78
156
Mitosis
78
78
-
The basics of MEIOSIS:
o Kind of cell that carries out meiosis: Germ cell (Sex cell)
o Characteristics of the parent cell: The process starts with 1 cell with the “normal number” of
chromosomes (ex: 46 in humans, 60 in buffalo)
o Number of daughter cells formed: 4
o Characteristics of daughter cells formed: Each daughter cell has ½ the number of chromosomes
as the parent cell and has a different genetic combination.
o Examples of meiosis

Cats have 38 chromosomes, sex cells of cats carry out meiosis as follows:
Interphase
38
76
Meiosis I
38
38
Meiosis II
19
19
19
19

Chickens have 78 chromosomes, sex cell of chickens carry out meiosis as follows:
Interphase
78
15
6
Meiosis I
78
78
Meiosis II
39
39
39
39