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Mineral – a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite composition, and an orderly arrangement of atoms 4 Characteristics of Minerals: 1. formed by natural processes 2. Inorganic 3. Crystal – a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over again 4. Element or compound How Do Minerals Form? -when magma cools slow = large crystals rapidly = small crystals Silicates- minerals that contain Si and O Oxygen is the must abundant element in Earth’s crust 7 Characteristics Used to Identify Minerals: 1. Color (the least reliable) 7 Characteristics Used to Identify Minerals: 1. Color 2. Appearance 7 Characteristics Used to Identify Minerals: 1. Color 2. Appearance 3. Hardness - a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched (Mohs Hardness Scale) 7 Characteristics Used to Identify Minerals: 1. Color 2. Appearance 3. Hardness - a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched Friedrich Mohs 1 = softest = talc 10 = hardest = diamond 7 Characteristics Used to Identify Minerals: 1. 2. 3. 4. Color Appearance Hardness Luster - how light reflects from a mineral’s surface metallic nonmetallic 7 Characteristics Used to Identify Minerals: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Color Appearance Hardness Luster Streak - the color of a mineral in its powdered form 7 Characteristics Used to Identify Minerals: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Color Appearance Hardness Luster Streak Cleavage - describes minerals that break along smooth, flat surfaces 7 Characteristics Used to Identify Minerals: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Color Appearance Hardness Luster Streak Cleavage Fracture - minerals that break along uneven, rough, or jagged surfaces