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The Human Digestive system Name_____________ Objectives: 1. Define Nutrients 2. Describe how food is ______________ in the mouth, stomach, small and large intestine. 3. Compare ___________ and ___________ digestion 4. Describe how nutrients are ____________ in the digestive system Nutrient: Nutrients are divided into six groups 1. Proteins -Found in every living part of your body -Made of __________ __________ found in foods Sources: 2. Carbohydrates -Supply the body with ____________ Ex. -Energy measured in ____________ Sources: 3. Fats -Supply the body with _____________________ 4. Vitamins and Minerals -Aid in _________ and ____________ living tissue -Prevent deficiency diseases ex. Scurvy -Found in _________ __________ ___________ -Micronutrients ex. Vitamins: _______ Minerals: ________ 5. Water -Needed for all _____________ _____________ -Needed for transport of _________ in the _________ Digestion of Food Digestion: The digestive system carries out this function Two Types of Digestion 1. Chemical: 2. Mechanical: Enzyme: Steps of digestion 1. Food enters your mouth,____________ digestion occurs 2. __________________ of the ______________ transports food to your Stomach by a process called ___________ Peristalsis: Allows you to eat or drink upside down 3. Food enters your stomach and ___________ ___________ takes place with the help of the enzyme_________ 4. Food enters your small intestine, which is ___cm in diameter and ____ feet in length -Most digestion takes place in the small intestine Digestive Aids The __________ and the ___________ aid in digestion by producing _________ which break up food -The Liver produces ______ which breaks up fat molecules Which type of digestion is this?______________________ Absorption of Nutrients -After food is ________ it is _________ in the _________ ____________ -The small intestine is covered with millions of finger-like projections called __________ -Digested food is absorbed through the Villi into a network of blood vessels that carry nutrients to the rest of the body -The Villi of the Small Intestine increase the __________ ___________ of the intestine to allow for maximum absorption of ____________ -The final stage of absorption takes place in the _________ ______________ which is ____cm wide and ____ feet long -Remaining _________ is absorbed in the large intestine -___________ living in the large intestine aid in absorption producing vitamins such as ___ and ___ which are absorbed by the body -Materials that are not absorbed by the small and large intestines form _________ __________which is ____________ from the body through the Anus The Human Digestive system Name_____________ Objectives: 1. Define Nutrients 2. Describe how food is digested in the mouth, stomach, small and large intestine. 3. Compare Mechanical and chemical digestion 4. Describe how nutrients are absorbed in the digestive system Nutrient: Raw materials your body uses for energy growth and repair Nutrients are divided into six groups 1. Proteins -Found in every living part of your body -Used to build and repair body parts -Made of amino acids found in foods Sources: meats, eggs, beans 2. Carbohydrates -Supply the body with energy Ex. Sugars and starch -Energy measured in calories Sources: Fruits, Vegetables & Grain products 3. Fats -Supply the body with energy(stored) -Insulate the body -protect vital organs 4. Vitamins and Minerals -Aid in tissue building and repair -Prevent deficiency diseases ex. Scurvy -Found in Fruits&vegetables, milk -Micronutrients ex. Vitamins: B, C, E Minerals: Ca, P, Na 5. Water -Needed for all chemical reactions -Needed for transport of nutrients in the blood Digestion of Food Digestion: The process of breaking down food into smaller substances(nutrients) the body can use The digestive system carries out this function Two Types of Digestion 1. Chemical: The breakdown of food by enzymes 2. Mechanical: The physical breakdown of food using mouth parts Enzyme: Special proteins that control chemical reactions in the body Steps of digestion 1. Food enters your mouth, Mechanical digestion occurs 2. Smooth muscle of the Esophagus transports food to your Stomach by a process called peristalsis Peristalsis: Wave-like muscular contractions of the esophagus and intestine. Allows you to eat or drink upside down 3. Food enters your stomach and Chemical digestion takes place with the help of the enzyme Pepsin 4. Food enters your small intestine, which is 2.5cm in diameter and 18 feet in length -Most digestion takes place in the small intestine Digestive Aids The Liver and the Pancreas aid in digestion by producing enzymes which break up food -The Liver produces bile, which breaks up fat molecules Which type of digestion is this? Absorption of Nutrients Absorption in the small intestine -After food is digested it is absorbed in the small intestine -The small intestine is covered with millions of finger-like projections called Villi -Digested food is absorbed through the Villi into a network of blood vessels that carry nutrients to the rest of the body -The Villi of the Small Intestine increase the Surface Area of the intestine to allow for maximum absorption of nutrients Absorption in the large intestine -The final stage of absorption takes place in the Large Intestine which is 6.5cm wide and five feet long -Remaining water is absorbed in the large intestine -Bacteria living in the large intestine aid in absorption producing vtaimins such as K and B which are absorbed by the body -Materials that are not absorbed by the small and large intestines form solid waste which is eliminated from the body through the Anus