Download Name_________Date

Chapter 18: Gene Regulation: The Control of Gene Expression
Name
AP Biology
1. RNA polymerase controls
a. DNA replication
b. protein synthesis
Date
Mr. Mennecke
c. RNA synthesis
d. translation
2. Skin cells are different from brain cells mainly because
a. the contain different genes
b. they express different genes
c. they have different chromosomes
d. the use different genetic codes
3. Rearrangement of DNA segments to increase diversity of molecules is known to occur in genes
coding for
a. ribosomal RNA
c. hydrolytic enzymes
b. antibodies
d. hemoglobin
4. Chromatin is
a. mRNA and histone proteins
b. mRNA and DNA
c. histone proteins and glucose
d. DNA and histone proteins
5. Telomeres and centromeres of eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of
a. non repetitive DNA coding for genes
b. repetitive DNA coding for nothing
c. repetitive RNA coding for nothing
d. non repetitive RNA coding for genes
6. Cell death by genetic suicide is
a. quiescence
b. senescence
c. apoptosis
d. G0
7. An inactivated X chromosome is called a
a. Barr body
b. satellite DNA body
c. hard body
d. Golgi body
8. Oncogenes are
a. genes which control DNA surface binding
b. genes which control hemoglobin production
c. genes responsible for a cell becoming cancerous
d. genes responsible for steroid hormone production
9. A cell makes proteins from RNA rather than DNA because
a. should a mutation occur to one RNA molecule, there are many other RNAs to continue
proper protein synthesis, but a mutation to DNA could damage the entire organism
b. RNA is more abundant and can make more proteins than DNA ever could
c. a single gene can produce many RNA copies which in turn can make many copies of a
particular protein, DNA is replicated only during mitosis or meiosis
d. all are correct
10. Gene amplification involves
a. many copies of a gene is present in a DNA molecule to make more proteins
b. one copy of a gene is present in a DNA molecule
c. no copies of a gene are present in a DNA molecule
d. RNA is not needed to produce proteins
11. Transcription is
a. DNAprotein
b. DNAamino acids
c. DNARNA
d. RNADNA
Chapter 18: Gene Regulation: The Control of Gene Expression
12. Translation is
a. DNAprotein
b. DNAamino acids
c. DNARNA
d. RNAprotein
13. In a nucleosome, DNA is wrapped around
a. polymerase molecules
b. ribosomes
c. the nucleolus
d. histones
14. Apparently, our muscle cells are different from nerve cells mainly because
a. they express different genes
b. the contain different genes
c. the use different genetic codes
d. they have different chromosomes
15. Apoptosis is
a. cell death by severe tissue damage
b. cell death by genetic suicide
c. cell death by phagocytosis by white blood cells
d. cell death by carcinogens
16. Regulation of gene expression occurs
a. during transcription only
b. during translation only
c. before transcription and after translation
d. before, during and after transcription and translation
17. A physical agent such as X-rays and chemical agents such as formaldehyde act as
a. Mutagens
c. allergens
b. Carcinogens
d. oxygen
18. Chromosomes condense during
a. mitosis or meiosis
b. respiration
c. translation
d. transcription
19. A mutation in this section of DNA could influence the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA:
a. operon
b. inducer
c. promoter
d. repressor
20. This can inhibit transcription by blocking the binding of positively acting transcription factors to
the DNA:
a. enhancer
b. promoter
c. activator
d. repressor
21. A researcher found a method she could use to manipulate and quantify phosphorylation and
methylation in embryonic cells in culture. In one set of experiments using this procedure in
Drosophila, she was readily successful in increasing phosphorylation of amino acids adjacent to
methylated amino acids in histone tails. Which of the following results would she most likely see?
a. increased chromatin condensation
b. decreased chromatin concentration
c. abnormalities of mouse embryos
d. decreased binding of transcription factors
Chapter 18: Gene Regulation: The Control of Gene Expression
22. Transcription factors in eukaryotes usually have DNA binding domains as well as other domains
also specific for binding. In general, which of the following would you expect many of them to be
able to bind?
a. repressors
b. ATP
c. protein-based hormones
d. transcription factors
23. Differentiation of cells is not easily reversible because it involves
a. changes in the nucleotide sequence of genes within the genome.
b. changes in chromatin structure that make certain regions of the genome more
accessible.
c. chemical modifications of histones and DNA methylation.
d. frameshift mutations and inversions.
24. Which of the following statements is true about stem cells?
a. Stem cells can continually reproduce and are not subject to mitotic control.
b. Stem cells can differentiate into specialized cells.
c. Stem cells are found only in bone marrow.
d. Stem cells are found only in the adult human brain.
25. The general process that leads to the differentiation of cells is called
a. determination.
b. specialization.
c. differentialization.
d. cellularization.
26. Mutations in these genes lead to transformations in the identity of entire body parts:
a. homeotic (hox) genes
b. segmentation genes
c. egg-polarity genes
d. p53 genes
27. Which of the following is characteristic of the product of the p53 gene?
a. It is an activator for other genes to halt the cell cycle and repair DNA.
b. It speeds up the cell cycle.
c. It causes cell death via apoptosis.
d. It allows cells to pass on mutations due to DNA damage.
28. The incidence of cancer increases dramatically in older humans because
a. the Ras protein is more likely to be hyperactive after age sixty.
c. as we age, normal cell division inhibitors cease to function.
d. the longer we live, the more mutations we accumulate.
e. tumor-suppressor genes are no longer able to repair damaged DNA.
29. Epigenetic inheritance is
a. the inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not involving DNA
b. the attachment of methyl groups to the tails of histone proteins
c. the expression of regulatory genes that help switch genes on or off
d. the inheritance of the p53 gene and its products to regulate the cell cycle