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Download 1 2 Heart structure and cardiac cycle
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AS The Heart and Heart Disease The Heart – Structure and Function 1. What is the function of the heart? 2. How does the structure of cardiac muscle tissue enable the heart to perform its function? 3. Label the diagram of the heart: 4. Draw arrows onto your diagram to indicate the direction in which blood flows. 5. Which chamber has the thickest muscular wall? Explain why it is important. 6. What is the purpose of the valves? 7. What is meant by the term ‘double circulation’? AS The Heart and Heart Disease 8. Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood? 9. Annotate the diagrams to show the events that take place during the cardiac cycle. AS The Heart and Heart Disease 10. Define the following terms: a. Stroke volume b. Heart rate c. Cardiac output 11. List the structures through which blood travels from the lungs, around the body and back to the lungs. 12. Examine the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. AS The Heart and Heart Disease a. Use the graph to calculate how many complete cardiac cycles (heartbeats) there are per minute. b. What causes the pressure to change in the ventricles at around 0.17seconds? c. At what time in the cardiac cycle would the semi-lunar valves open? What would cause them to open? d. At what times during the cardiac cycle would the atrioventricular valves be open? Explain your answer. e. At what time in the cardiac cycle would the semi-lunar valves close? f. Contraction of the ventricles takes approximately 0.3 seconds. If the same rate of heartbeat shown in the graph was maintained throughout a 12 hour period, for how many hours would the ventricular muscle be contracting? Show your working. AS The Heart and Heart Disease The Cardiac Cycle Application June 2005 1) The graph shows the changes in pressure which take place in the aorta of a mouse during several heartbeats. (a) Which chamber of the heart produces the increase in pressure recorded in the aorta? _________________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) (b) The pressure of blood in the aorta decreases during each heartbeat but does not fall below 10 kPa. Explain what causes the pressure of blood to (i) decrease during each heartbeat; ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) (ii) stay above 10 kPa. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks) (c) The heart rate of a mouse is much higher than the heart rate of a human. Use the graph to calculate the heart rate of the mouse. Show your working. Heart rate = .......................................... beats per minute (2 marks) (d) The cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by a heart in one minute. The stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by a heart in a single heartbeat. cardiac output = stroke volume xheart rate The cardiac output for a mouse with a heart rate of 550 beats per minute is 16.6cm3 per minute. Calculate the stroke volume for this mouse. Show your working. AS The Heart and Heart Disease Stroke volume = .......................................... cm3 (2 marks)