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What was WWI called before it was called WWI? Why is World War I called W.W.I? The Great War “The War to end all Wars” The Trench war 1914-1918 World War II 1939-1945 Essential Question: (EQ) What are some underlying factors that are going to help start the Great War? ► Nationalism (pride in your race or country. Wanting your own land for your people) ► Land /Border disputes (fights) in Europe ► Fighting around the world for colonies ► Militarism (building your army and navy, training soldiers) ► Military breaks out) Alliances (agreements to help each other if war All these factors made Europe in 1914 a (barrel of gunpowder) 1. Nationalism/Racism 2. Land disputes 3. Militarism 4. Alliances Closing Activity: ► In the summary box at the bottom of the paper ► Write at least 2 sentences answering this question: ► What are some causes of ►The Great War (WWI) German soldiers in W.W.I Austria – Hungary Empire The Balkans: The “powder keg” of Europe The many regions of southeast Europe where there are lots of different ethnicities and religionsand they fight all the time The Balkans The Alsace -Lorraine ► Backward Farmers ► Worried about Russia/Serbia ► Wants a navy ► Hates Germany ► Biggest Empire most Colonies around the world ► Ambitious – wants power ► Diverse and drama/fighting ► Afraid of Russia and France ► Afraid of Germany wanting colonies and navy ► Why kill royals? – They are not the army? ► Why would some countries want to go to war? ► Serbian Terrorist network who hated Austrian Rule ► Plotted terrorist acts against Austrians Who are they? ► Worried about the German navy? ► Lots of different people groups ► Isolated Island ► Want back the Alsace- Lorraine ► Mostly backward farmers ► Worried about Serbia and Russia ► Want colonies and a strong navy ► Franz ► Ferdinand Son of the Austrian/Hungary King ► Goes to Sarajevo, Bosnia to give a speech on June 28th – ► the most patriotic day in Serbian History Bosnia The “spark” ► 19 year-old ► Gavrilo Princip ► a Serbian living in Bosnia ► and member of “The Black Hand” a Serbian terrorist group ► shoots and kills both Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife Sofia Germany in 1914 ► Ruled by Kaiser Wilhelm ► Heavily building their army and navy ► Taking colonies around the world ► Had taken land from France in the Franco Prussian war of 1870 ► Aggressive and hungry Huge country and army, farming not industry doesn’t like Austria, supports Serbia ► Strong army and industry, wants colonies and bigger navy, hated by France ► Strong economy and navy, lots of colonies, isolated from continental Europe ► Decent army and economy, Lost land to Germany ► Huge unstable empire. Many unhappy people groups inside their empire ► ► France ► Austria Hungary ► Britain ► Germany ► Russia The 2 sides in WWI ► Central Powers ► Triple ►* ►* ►* ►* * Entente (Allies) The “short and skinny” of how an assassination leads to a World War 1. Serbians living in Bosnia hate the fact that Austria rules them 2. A Serbian terrorist group plots and kills Franz Ferdinand 3. Austria wants to go to war against Serbia but are afraid of Russia because both Serbia and Russia are of the Slavic race 4. Russia tells Austria – to not mess with Serbia 4. Germany tells its ally Austria to do what it needs to do and if Russia jumps in they’ll take care of Russia 5. So Austria declares war on Serbia 6. Russia gets pissed and moves it’s troops to the Austrian border but does not cross 7. Germany (itching for a fight) says that moving troops to the border is an act of war so it attacks Russia 8. Germany knows that Russia is allied with France and eventually France will get in - so they decide to attack France 9. The easiest way to Paris is through Belgium so the Germans invade Belgium first to get to France 10. This angers Britain so Britain declares war on Germany and Austria GAME ON IN SUM : what should’ve been a war between Serbia and Austria becomes a World War due to Alliances Serbians living in Bosnia hate the fact that Austria rules them * A Serbian terrorist group plots and kills Franz Ferdinand * Austria wants to go to war against Serbia but are afraid of Russia because both Serbia and Russia are of the Slavic race * Russia tells Austria – to not mess with Serbia * Germany tells its ally Austria to do what it needs to do and if Russia jumps in they’ll take care of Russia * So Austria declares war on Serbia * Russia gets pissed and moves it’s troops to the Austrian border but does not cross * Germany (itching for a fight) says that moving troops to the border is an act of war so it attacks Russia * Germany knows that Russia is allied with France and eventually France will get in - so they decide to attack France * The easiest way to Paris is through Belgium so the Germans invade Belgium first to get to France * This angers Britain so Britain declares war on Germany and Austria GAME ON IN SUM : what should’ve been a war between Serbia and Austria becomes a World War due to Alliances Assignment: ► On a sheet of notebook paper answer the following question: ► What was the major factor that caused World War I? ► Nationalism ► Land disputes ► Militarism ► Alliances Today’s Submarine ► In the summary space of your Cornell Notes ► answer this question and support it (summary) ► Nationalism ► Land disputes ► Militarism ► Alliances What , in your opinion, was the major factor that caused World War I? Sentence starter: The major factor that caused WWI was __________ for these reasons ___________________________________________ German Schlieffen Plan ► ► Defeat France quickly and then shift troops to the east to defeat Russia which they thought was slow to mobilize Question: why did Germany attack France so early in the war? Closure Activity: Finish these Sentences… ►A factor that led to W.W.I was… ►Another factor that helped lead to W.W.I was ►The incident or “spark” that got the actual war started was … ►An assassination led to a world war because… ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (EQ) ►Why did the United States get into WWI? ► Key ► ► ► ► ► words: Neutrality Kaiser Propaganda Blockade “Zimmerman Note” Western Front (France) 70% of the battles and 70% war deaths Trench Warfare Huge Artillery Shells: Explode thousands of pieces of shrapnel (metal and lead) “Going over the Top” out of the Trenches and on the offensive ► No man’s Land: the area in between the 2 enemy trenches ► Casualties: both killed and wounded soldiers ► i.e., ► ► The battle of the Somme had 800,000 casualties In WWI Machine guns could fire up 100 bullets a minute Machine guns killed more than any other weapon in WWI (millions) Poison Gas ► ► ► The use of poison gas in World War I was a major military innovation. The gases ranged from disabling chemicals, such as tear gas and the severe mustard gas, to lethal agents like phosgene and chlorine. chemical warfare was a major component of the first global war and first total war of the 20th century. The killing capacity of gas, however, was limited — only 4% of combat deaths were due to gas. Closure Activity: Finish these Sentences… ►The Schlieffen Plan was… ►Soldiers were in the trenches because.. ►Life in the Trenches was… ►“No man’s land… ►“Going over the Top”…. ►The machine gun…. ►Poison gas… Look at the new weapons of WWI and then discuss with your group these questions: Artillery Cannons 1. List as many things as you can of things that the weapon could do tanks Tanks 2. Rate the effectiveness of the weapon Low 1 2 3 4 5 high 3. What was the most important weapon of WWI and why? airplanes submarines Machine guns Poison gas Artillery Cannons Weapon List all the things it can do? Effectivenes s Low 1 2 3 4 5 High airplanes tanks Artillery airplanes tanks Tanks submarine s Machine gun submarines Poison gas Machine guns Poison gas Weapon Artillery airplanes tanks submarines Machine gun Poison gas List all the things it can do? Effectiveness Low 1 2 3 4 5 High The Battle of the Somme (France) July-November 1916 ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Before: bombardment million shells fired Allied soldiers advanced along a 25 mile offensive 60,000 casualties in the first day (20,000 dead) Generals kept sending soldiers to a certain death Losses Britain – 420,000 France- 200,000 Germany – 500,000 Question: was this small piece of land gained worth the lives of a almost a million people? War of Attrition ► is a military strategy in which a side tries to win the war by fighting and fighting and trading losses with the enemy ► because you have more men and supplies to trade ► Question: should the US get into a war of attrition with China? ► Mutiny: an open rebellion against the proper authorities, especially by soldiers or sailors against their officers. ► Court-Martial: to be arrested and placed in military jail Tanks of WWI Tanks of W.W.II Airplanes ► Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen was a German fighter pilot known as the "Red Baron". He was the most successful flying ace of World War I, being officially credited with 80 confirmed air combat victories. Planes of World war II Submarines – U boats (German unterseeboot) Zeppelins (Blimps) ► Used for surveillance ► Could drop bombs ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (EQ) ►Why is the war going to come to an end? ► Key words: UNRESTRICTED Submarine warfare (sinking both military and commercial ships) The Lusitania May 7th 1915 1,198 dead (128 Americans) The World is outraged and Germany pledges to stop unrestricted warfare and only fire upon military craft The Lusitania January 1917: Germany plans to blockade Britain and resume “Unrestricted submarine warfare” ► Blockade: ► Blocking any supplies from getting in or ► Out of a country’s harbors Anti- German propaganda during W.W.I Other factors that influenced Americans wanting Britain and France to defeat Germany ► The USA had loaned Britain and France way more than the had loaned Germany ► Helping Britain and France win would definitely help make sure USA would get paid back Zimmerman Note (Telegram) Doroteo Arranga more commonly known as (Francisco “Pancho” Villa) Closure Activity: Finish these Sentences… ►What happened in the trenches on Christmas 1914 …. ►Tanks of W.W.I …. ►Airplanes in W.W.I …. ►U boats in W.W.I… ►The Lusitania… ►The 2 main reasons that the US is going to get into WW1 are… Kaiser Wilhelm – German King and ruler during WWI ► So, why do wars eventually come to an end? List as many reasons as you can? ► Why was America joining a huge psychological factor to the war? U.S. president Woodrow Wilson’s speech asking Congress for a declaration of War against Germany April 2nd 1917 ► ► ► Property can be paid for; the lives of peaceful and innocent people cannot be. The present German submarine warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind. "It is a war against all nations. American ships have been sunk, American lives taken, in ways which it has stirred us very deeply to learn of, but the ships and people of other neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and overwhelmed in the waters in the same way. "But they played their part in serving to convince us at last that that government entertains no real friendship for us and means to act against our peace and security at its convenience. That it means to stir up enemies against us at our very doors the intercepted Zimmerman note to the German minister at Mexico City is eloquent evidence. John “Black Jack” Pershing: General/leader of American troops in W.W.I Vladimir LENIN leads the Bolsheviks in a Communist revolution to take control of Russia. The Country is renamed the Soviet Union (USSR). Lenin gets Russia out of World War I ► ► When Russia gets out Germany can then move all their troops to the Western Front to fight Britain and France Reasons that the GREAT WAR is going to come to an end 1. All the nations were heavily in debt except for the U.S. 2. Millions were dead or wounded 3. There were food shortages in Germany and Austria 4. The Ottoman Empire had surrendered and was talking about peace terms with the Allies 5. The last major German offensive to seize Paris was halted. 6. A revolution in Austria-Hungary brought about a new government. 7. There were a number of German and French mutinies (refusals to obey orders from the commanding officers) 8.The German Kaiser fled Germany and a new government wanted peace 9. The U.S. had the money and men to keep the war going for a long time 10. Many Europeans felt that American president Woodrow Wilson’s 14point peace plan offered a fair plan for peace and so were willing to talk of a ceases-fire Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting Truce ► A cease-fire until a peace treaty can be made ► No one surrendered ► However, ► France, Britain and USA said they won ► The the War ended on ► 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month 1918 (November 11th Veterans’ Day) ► They then agreed to meet in January in Paris to write a peace treaty Versailles: Palace of Kings ► The leaders met at Versailles for 5 months to write ►The Treaty of Versailles ► Wilson Peace Plan ► The 14 points was fair ► But ► France and Germany wanted ► To make Germany weak ► And to get back money Land Loss ► Germany is forced to give up its colonies in Africa and Asia ► The mineral-rich AlsaceLorraine area in-between Germany and France is given back to France ► France gets to mine Germany’s coal-rich Saar area for 15 years and keep the profits ► Germany loses land to France, Poland and Denmark Military ► German army limited to 100,000 soldiers. ► NO military allowed in the Rhineland (area of Germany that borders France) ► Could have no airplanes. ► No tanks ► Allowed only 6 military ships. ► 0 (zero) U boats (submarines) *Must sign the “war guilt” clause taking full blame for war *Must pay war reparations (pay back $ for damages) mostly to Britain and France to the tune of 33 billion $$$ Closure Activity: Finish these Sentences… ►The 2 main reasons that the US is going to get into WW1 are… ►The US decided to get into the war in year… ►WWI ended in year… ►Vladimir Lenin… ►Russia got out of WWI because… ►The Countries of the Central Powers… Woodrow Wilson Paris Peace Conference: 1919 to be held at Versailles (palace of French Kings) ►The Big 3 leaders Georges Clemenceau (France) Woodrow Wilson (USA) David Lloyd George (Britain) ► Wants a fair and lasting peace ► Wants to hurt Germany’s navy ► Wants a ‘League of Nations’ to discuss world problems ► Wants to punish Germany ► uncompromising ► Idealist ► compromiser $$$ Reparations ► Compensation (Pay back) in money, material, labor, etc., payable by a defeated country to another country as a penalty of war Germany had to pay 6600 million Pounds or $ 33 billion dollars in war reparations ► Dollars ► British ► Euros pounds Germany’s Lost land TREATY of VERSAILLES and GERMANY Name: _____ Directions: read the notes on the map and detail ways that Germany was affected by the Treaty of Versailles On the rest of the lines write other ways that Germany was affected Ways that Germany was punished by the Treaty ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ► When the Treaty was finalized they gave it to the nations to sign ►Germany refused to sign it ► Britain and France responded with ► “If you don’t sign it – then we don’t have a peace treaty and technically, we’re still at war . So get ready to resume fighting” ► Not wanting to start the war back up again - The German ambassadors reluctantly signed it and became known by Adolf Hitler as “The traitors who sold out our country” Germany’s Response: “ SCREW That “ “We’re not going to sign that” The German Ambassadors at Versailles refused to sign the treaty ► Britain and France responded with ► “If you don’t sign it – then we don’t have a peace treaty and technically, we’re still at war . So get ready to resume fighting” ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Furthermore, the British declared that they would not end their blockade of German ports if the Germans wouldn’t sign (many Germans were starving because food could not be imported) Not wanting to start the war back up again - The German ambassadors reluctantly signed it and became known by Adolf Hitler as “The traitors who sold out our country” After the signing -The Treaty of Versailles became the most hated document in German history. Reparation payments to the Allies caused terrible financial problems for the country. German politicians frequently blamed the treaty for Germany’s problems When Hitler became chancellor of Germany he declared that Germany would no longer follow the Treaty of Versailles Hitler telling Europe and the world that Germany would not follow the Treaty of Versailles is one of the primary causes of W.W.II ► Idealist: a person who believes in the ideal (or way that things should be) not the real way things are Realist: a person who deals with the way things really are Wilson’s 14-point Peace Plan points 1-5 would address the issues that many believed started the war in the first place ► 1. end all secret treaties and alliances ► 2. Freedom of the seas ► 3. Free trade among nations ► 4 reduction in the number of troops and sizes of navies ► 5. the adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial people Points 6-13 dealt with territorial changes and the creation of new nations ► creation of new nations in Russia that included Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus ► Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a new and reduced Austria-Hungary ► The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point peace plan was viewed by many as workable. Points 1-5 ► ► 1. an end all secret treaties and alliances 2. Freedom of the seas – no blockades, no hogging fishing areas ► ► ► 3. Free trade among nations 4. disarmament for all nations. Reduction in the size of everyone’s armies and navies 5. the adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial people in Africa and Asia Points 6-13 ► Self-determination or creation of new nations ► in Russia that included: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus ► Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a new and reduced Austria-Hungary ► The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine ► Disarmament: to reduce the size of nations’ armies and navies ► France wanted a policy of disarmament for Germany ► Appeasement: to give someone what they want or not confront them to avoid a conflict ► Lloyd George appeased Wilson on the League of nations to get what he wanted Europe before and after W.W.I ►WWI came to an end on … ►Who lost WWI? ►3 of Wilson’s 14 points were… ►The 14th point was… ►The US never joined the…. ►3 new countries created by the Treaty of Versailles were… ►3 ways that Germany got screwed were… ►Germany signed the treaty because… ►The Treaty of Versailles…