Download W.W.I Western Front - Phoenix Union High School District

What was WWI called
before it was called
WWI?
Why is World War I
called W.W.I?
The Great War
“The War to end all Wars”
The Trench war
1914-1918
World War II
1939-1945
Essential Question: (EQ)
What are some underlying factors that are going to
help start the Great War?
► Nationalism (pride in your race or country. Wanting your
own land for your people)
► Land
/Border disputes (fights) in Europe
► Fighting around the world for colonies
► Militarism (building your army and navy, training
soldiers)
► Military
breaks out)
Alliances (agreements to help each other if war
All these factors made Europe in 1914 a
(barrel of gunpowder)
1. Nationalism/Racism
2. Land disputes
3. Militarism
4. Alliances
Closing Activity:
►
In the summary box at
the bottom of the paper
►
Write at least 2
sentences answering
this question:
►
What are some causes of
►The
Great War
(WWI)
German soldiers in W.W.I
Austria – Hungary
Empire
The Balkans:
The “powder keg” of Europe
The many regions of southeast
Europe where there are lots of
different ethnicities and religionsand they fight all the time
The Balkans
The Alsace -Lorraine
► Backward
Farmers
► Worried about Russia/Serbia
► Wants a navy
► Hates Germany
► Biggest Empire most
Colonies around the world
► Ambitious – wants power
► Diverse and drama/fighting
► Afraid of Russia and France
► Afraid of Germany wanting
colonies and navy
► Why
kill royals? – They are not the army?
► Why
would some countries want to go to
war?
► Serbian
Terrorist
network who hated
Austrian Rule
► Plotted
terrorist acts
against Austrians
Who are they?
► Worried
about the
German navy?
► Lots of different
people groups
► Isolated Island
► Want back the
Alsace- Lorraine
► Mostly backward
farmers
► Worried
about
Serbia and Russia
► Want colonies and a
strong navy
► Franz
►
Ferdinand
Son of the
Austrian/Hungary King
► Goes
to Sarajevo,
Bosnia to give a
speech on June
28th –
► the most patriotic
day in Serbian
History
Bosnia
The “spark”
► 19
year-old
► Gavrilo Princip
► a Serbian living in
Bosnia
► and member of “The
Black Hand” a Serbian
terrorist group
► shoots and kills both
Franz Ferdinand and his
pregnant wife Sofia
Germany in 1914
► Ruled
by Kaiser
Wilhelm
► Heavily building their
army and navy
► Taking colonies
around the world
► Had taken land from
France in the Franco
Prussian war of 1870
► Aggressive and hungry
Huge country and army,
farming not industry
doesn’t like Austria,
supports Serbia
► Strong army and industry,
wants colonies and bigger
navy, hated by France
► Strong economy and navy,
lots of colonies, isolated
from continental Europe
► Decent army and
economy, Lost land to
Germany
► Huge unstable empire.
Many unhappy people
groups inside their empire
►
► France
► Austria
Hungary
► Britain
► Germany
► Russia
The 2 sides in WWI
► Central
Powers
► Triple
►*
►*
►*
►*
*
Entente (Allies)
The “short and skinny” of how an assassination leads to a World War
1. Serbians living in Bosnia hate the fact that Austria rules them
2. A Serbian terrorist group plots and kills Franz Ferdinand
3. Austria wants to go to war against Serbia but are afraid of Russia
because both Serbia and Russia are of the Slavic race
4. Russia tells Austria – to not mess with Serbia
4. Germany tells its ally Austria to do what it needs to do and if Russia
jumps in they’ll take care of Russia
5. So Austria declares war on Serbia
6. Russia gets pissed and moves it’s troops to the Austrian border but
does not cross
7. Germany (itching for a fight) says that moving troops to the border is
an act of war so it attacks Russia
8. Germany knows that Russia is allied with France and eventually France
will get in - so they decide to attack France
9. The easiest way to Paris is through Belgium so the Germans invade
Belgium first to get to France
10. This angers Britain so Britain declares war on Germany and Austria
GAME ON
IN SUM : what should’ve been a war between Serbia and Austria becomes
a World War due to Alliances
Serbians living in Bosnia hate the fact that
Austria rules them
* A Serbian terrorist group plots and kills
Franz Ferdinand
* Austria wants to go to war against Serbia
but are afraid of Russia because both
Serbia and Russia are of the Slavic race
* Russia tells Austria – to not mess with
Serbia
* Germany tells its ally Austria to do what it
needs to do and if Russia jumps in
they’ll take care of Russia
* So Austria declares war on Serbia
* Russia gets pissed and moves it’s troops
to the Austrian border but does not
cross
* Germany (itching for a fight) says that
moving troops to the border is an act of
war so it attacks Russia
* Germany knows that Russia is allied with
France and eventually France will get in
- so they decide to attack France
* The easiest way to Paris is through
Belgium so the Germans invade Belgium
first to get to France
* This angers Britain so Britain declares war
on Germany and Austria
GAME ON
IN SUM : what should’ve been a war
between Serbia and Austria becomes a
World War due to Alliances
Assignment:
► On
a sheet of
notebook paper
answer the following
question:
► What
was the major
factor that caused
World War I?
► Nationalism
► Land
disputes
► Militarism
► Alliances
Today’s Submarine
► In
the summary space
of your Cornell Notes
► answer this question
and support it
(summary)
► Nationalism
► Land
disputes
► Militarism
► Alliances
What , in your opinion,
was the major factor that
caused World War I?
Sentence starter: The major factor that caused WWI
was __________ for these reasons
___________________________________________
German Schlieffen Plan
►
►
Defeat France quickly and
then shift troops to the
east to defeat Russia
which they thought was
slow to mobilize
Question: why did
Germany attack France
so early in the war?
Closure Activity:
Finish these Sentences…
►A
factor that led to W.W.I was…
►Another factor that helped lead to W.W.I
was
►The incident or “spark” that got the
actual war started was …
►An assassination led to a world war
because…
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (EQ)
►Why
did the United States get into
WWI?
► Key
►
►
►
►
►
words:
Neutrality
Kaiser
Propaganda
Blockade
“Zimmerman Note”
Western Front (France)
70% of the battles and 70% war deaths
Trench Warfare
Huge Artillery Shells:
Explode thousands of
pieces of shrapnel (metal and lead)
“Going over the Top” out of
the Trenches and on the
offensive
► No man’s Land: the area in
between the 2 enemy
trenches
► Casualties: both killed and
wounded soldiers
► i.e.,
►
►
The battle of the Somme
had 800,000 casualties
In WWI Machine guns
could fire up 100 bullets
a minute
Machine guns killed more
than any other weapon
in WWI (millions)
Poison Gas
►
►
►
The use of poison gas in
World War I was a major
military innovation. The gases
ranged from disabling
chemicals, such as tear gas and
the severe mustard gas, to
lethal agents like phosgene and
chlorine.
chemical warfare was a major
component of the first global
war and first total war of the
20th century.
The killing capacity of gas,
however, was limited — only
4% of combat deaths were due
to gas.
Closure Activity:
Finish these Sentences…
►The
Schlieffen Plan was…
►Soldiers were in the trenches because..
►Life in the Trenches was…
►“No man’s land…
►“Going over the Top”….
►The machine gun….
►Poison gas…
Look at the new weapons of
WWI and then discuss with
your group these questions:
Artillery
Cannons
1. List as many things as you
can of things that the weapon
could do
tanks
Tanks
2. Rate the effectiveness of the
weapon
Low 1 2 3 4 5 high
3. What was the most
important weapon of WWI
and why?
airplanes
submarines
Machine guns
Poison gas
Artillery
Cannons
Weapon
List all
the
things it
can do?
Effectivenes
s
Low 1 2 3 4
5 High
airplanes
tanks
Artillery
airplanes
tanks
Tanks
submarine
s
Machine
gun
submarines
Poison gas
Machine guns
Poison gas
Weapon
Artillery
airplanes
tanks
submarines
Machine
gun
Poison gas
List all the things it can do?
Effectiveness
Low 1 2 3 4 5 High
The Battle of the Somme (France)
July-November 1916
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
Before: bombardment million
shells fired
Allied soldiers advanced along a
25 mile offensive
60,000 casualties in the first day
(20,000 dead)
Generals kept sending soldiers
to a certain death
Losses
Britain – 420,000
France- 200,000
Germany – 500,000
Question: was this small piece
of land gained worth the lives of
a almost a million people?
War of Attrition
► is
a military strategy in
which a side tries to
win the war by fighting
and fighting and
trading losses with the
enemy
► because you have
more men and supplies
to trade
► Question: should the
US get into a war of
attrition with China?
► Mutiny:
an open
rebellion against the
proper authorities,
especially by soldiers
or sailors against their
officers.
► Court-Martial:
to be
arrested and placed in
military jail
Tanks of WWI
Tanks of W.W.II
Airplanes
► Manfred
Albrecht
Freiherr von
Richthofen was a
German fighter pilot
known as the "Red
Baron". He was the
most successful flying
ace of World War I,
being officially credited
with 80 confirmed air
combat victories.
Planes of World war II
Submarines – U boats
(German unterseeboot)
Zeppelins (Blimps)
► Used
for
surveillance
► Could drop bombs
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (EQ)
►Why
is the war going to come to
an end?
► Key
words:
UNRESTRICTED Submarine warfare (sinking both
military and commercial ships) The Lusitania May 7th
1915 1,198 dead (128 Americans)
The World is outraged and Germany pledges to stop
unrestricted warfare and only fire upon military craft
The Lusitania
January 1917: Germany plans to blockade Britain
and resume “Unrestricted submarine warfare”
► Blockade:
► Blocking
any
supplies from
getting in or
► Out of a
country’s harbors
Anti- German propaganda during
W.W.I
Other factors that influenced
Americans wanting Britain and
France to defeat Germany
► The
USA had loaned
Britain and France way
more than the had
loaned Germany
► Helping
Britain and
France win would
definitely help make
sure USA would get
paid back
Zimmerman Note (Telegram)
Doroteo Arranga
more commonly known as
(Francisco “Pancho” Villa)
Closure Activity:
Finish these Sentences…
►What happened in the trenches on
Christmas 1914 ….
►Tanks of W.W.I ….
►Airplanes in W.W.I ….
►U boats in W.W.I…
►The Lusitania…
►The 2 main reasons that the US is going
to get into WW1 are…
Kaiser Wilhelm – German King
and ruler during WWI
► So,
why do wars eventually come to an
end? List as many reasons as you can?
► Why
was America joining a huge
psychological factor to the war?
U.S. president Woodrow Wilson’s speech
asking Congress for a declaration of War
against Germany April 2nd 1917
►
►
►
Property can be paid for; the lives of
peaceful and innocent people cannot be.
The present German submarine
warfare against commerce is a
warfare against mankind.
"It is a war against all nations. American
ships have been sunk, American lives
taken, in ways which it has stirred us
very deeply to learn of, but the ships
and people of other neutral and friendly
nations have been sunk and
overwhelmed in the waters in the same
way.
"But they played their part in serving to
convince us at last that that government
entertains no real friendship for us and
means to act against our peace and
security at its convenience. That it
means to stir up enemies against us at
our very doors the intercepted
Zimmerman note to the German
minister at Mexico City is eloquent
evidence.
John “Black Jack” Pershing:
General/leader of American
troops in W.W.I
Vladimir LENIN leads the Bolsheviks in a Communist
revolution to take control of Russia. The Country is
renamed the Soviet Union (USSR). Lenin gets Russia out
of World War I
►
►
When Russia gets out
Germany can then move
all their troops to the
Western Front to fight
Britain and France
Reasons that the GREAT WAR is
going to come to an end
1. All the nations were heavily in debt
except for the U.S.
2. Millions were dead or wounded
3. There were food shortages in Germany and Austria
4. The Ottoman Empire had surrendered and was talking about peace
terms with the Allies
5. The last major German offensive to seize Paris was halted.
6. A revolution in Austria-Hungary brought about a new government.
7. There were a number of German and French mutinies (refusals to obey
orders from the commanding officers)
8.The German Kaiser fled Germany and a new government wanted peace
9. The U.S. had the money and men to keep the war going for a long time
10. Many Europeans felt that American president Woodrow Wilson’s 14point peace plan offered a fair plan for peace and so were willing to talk of
a ceases-fire
Armistice:
an agreement to stop fighting
Truce
► A cease-fire until a
peace treaty can be
made
► No one surrendered
► However,
► France,
Britain and
USA said they won
► The
the
War ended on
► 11th
hour of the
11th day of the 11th
month 1918
(November 11th
Veterans’ Day)
► They
then agreed to
meet in January in
Paris to write a peace
treaty
Versailles: Palace of Kings
► The
leaders met at
Versailles for 5 months
to write
►The
Treaty of
Versailles
► Wilson
Peace Plan
► The 14 points was fair
► But
► France and Germany
wanted
► To make Germany
weak
► And to get back money
Land Loss
► Germany is forced to give up
its colonies in Africa and Asia
► The mineral-rich AlsaceLorraine area in-between
Germany and France is given
back to France
► France gets to mine Germany’s
coal-rich Saar area for 15
years and keep the profits
► Germany loses land to France,
Poland and Denmark
Military
► German army limited to
100,000 soldiers.
► NO military allowed in the
Rhineland (area of Germany that
borders France)
► Could have no airplanes.
► No tanks
► Allowed only 6 military ships.
► 0 (zero) U boats (submarines)
*Must sign the “war guilt” clause taking full blame for war
*Must pay war reparations (pay back $ for damages) mostly to
Britain and France to the tune of 33 billion $$$
Closure Activity:
Finish these Sentences…
►The 2 main reasons that the US is going
to get into WW1 are…
►The US decided to get into the war in
year…
►WWI ended in year…
►Vladimir Lenin…
►Russia got out of WWI because…
►The Countries of the Central Powers…
Woodrow Wilson
Paris Peace Conference: 1919
to be held at Versailles (palace of French Kings)
►The Big 3
leaders
Georges Clemenceau (France)
Woodrow Wilson (USA)
David Lloyd George (Britain)
► Wants
a fair and
lasting peace
► Wants to hurt
Germany’s navy
► Wants a ‘League of
Nations’ to discuss
world problems
► Wants to punish
Germany
► uncompromising
► Idealist
► compromiser
$$$ Reparations
► Compensation
(Pay
back) in money,
material, labor, etc.,
payable by a defeated
country to another
country as a penalty of
war
Germany had to pay 6600 million Pounds or
$ 33 billion dollars in war reparations
► Dollars
► British
► Euros
pounds
Germany’s Lost land
TREATY of VERSAILLES and GERMANY
Name: _____
Directions: read the notes on the map and detail ways that
Germany was affected by the Treaty of Versailles
On the rest of the lines write other ways that Germany was
affected
Ways that Germany was
punished by the Treaty
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
► When
the Treaty was
finalized they gave it
to the nations to sign
►Germany
refused to
sign it
► Britain
and France
responded with
► “If you don’t sign it –
then we don’t have a
peace treaty and
technically, we’re still at
war . So get ready to
resume fighting”
► Not
wanting to start
the war back up again
- The German
ambassadors
reluctantly signed it
and became known by
Adolf Hitler as “The
traitors who sold out
our country”
Germany’s Response: “ SCREW That “
“We’re not going to sign that”
The German Ambassadors at Versailles refused to sign the treaty
► Britain and France responded with
► “If you don’t sign it – then we don’t have a peace treaty and technically, we’re
still at war . So get ready to resume fighting”
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
Furthermore, the British declared that they would not end their blockade
of German ports if the Germans wouldn’t sign (many Germans were
starving because food could not be imported)
Not wanting to start the war back up again - The German ambassadors
reluctantly signed it and became known by Adolf Hitler as “The traitors
who sold out our country”
After the signing -The Treaty of Versailles became the most hated
document in German history.
Reparation payments to the Allies caused terrible financial problems for
the country.
German politicians frequently blamed the treaty for Germany’s problems
When Hitler became chancellor of Germany he declared that Germany
would no longer follow the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler telling Europe and the world that Germany would not follow the
Treaty of Versailles is one of the primary causes of W.W.II
► Idealist:
a person
who believes in the
ideal (or way that
things should be)
not the real way
things are
Realist: a person who
deals with the way
things really are
Wilson’s 14-point
Peace Plan
points 1-5 would address the issues that many believed started the
war in the first place
► 1.
end all secret treaties and alliances
► 2. Freedom of the seas
► 3. Free trade among nations
► 4 reduction in the number of troops and
sizes of navies
► 5. the adjustment of colonial claims with
fairness toward colonial people
Points 6-13
dealt with territorial changes
and the creation of new nations
► creation of new nations in Russia that included
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus
► Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a new
and reduced Austria-Hungary
► The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the
creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and
Palestine
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point peace plan was
viewed by many as workable.
Points 1-5
►
►
1. an end all secret
treaties and alliances
2. Freedom of the seas –
no blockades, no hogging
fishing areas
►
►
►
3. Free trade among
nations
4. disarmament for all
nations. Reduction in the
size of everyone’s armies
and navies
5. the adjustment of colonial
claims with fairness toward
colonial people in Africa and
Asia
Points 6-13
► Self-determination or
creation of new nations
► in Russia that included:
Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania, Belarus
► Creation of Czechoslovakia,
Poland, and a new and
reduced Austria-Hungary
► The break up of the
Ottoman Empire and the
creation of states like Syria,
Lebanon, and Palestine
► Disarmament: to
reduce the size of
nations’ armies and
navies
►
France wanted a policy of
disarmament for Germany
► Appeasement: to
give someone what
they want or not
confront them to avoid
a conflict
►
Lloyd George appeased Wilson on
the League of nations to get what
he wanted
Europe before and after W.W.I
►WWI
came to an end on …
►Who lost WWI?
►3 of Wilson’s 14 points were…
►The 14th point was…
►The US never joined the….
►3 new countries created by the Treaty of
Versailles were…
►3 ways that Germany got screwed were…
►Germany signed the treaty because…
►The Treaty of Versailles…