Download Byzantine PowerPoints. - Mr. Fitzpatrick`s Class

Introduction to the Byzantine
Empire
By Emperor Fitzpatrick
Objective
You should remember how the
Byzantine Empire came to be.
You should recognize why the location
for Constantinople was key to it’s
success.
The founding of
Constantinople
and the Byzantine Empire
Since the Rule of Diocletian (in the late 200s
A.D.) The Roman Empire was divided in two
Western and Eastern Empires
The Western half was being weakened by
constant attacking Germanic invaders.
In 330 A.D. Emperor Constantine decided to
relocate the capital.
Byzantium
He chose to locate the capital at the
Greek city of Byzantium, later renamed
Constantinople (this was the area we
looked at on the map)
Constantine molded the new capital
after Rome
Often referred to as “new Rome”
MAP
Advantages
Peninsula
Provided natural safe harbors for ships
both merchant and military ships
Provided natural defense
water on three sides (the Black and
Aegean Seas)
MAP
Advantages
Trade
Easy access to the Mediterranean Sea
Located at an important land route that
linked Europe and Asia (Silk Road)
What are the advantages of building a major city here?
Constantinople
City was heavily fortified
Water on three side plus a wall was built to
protect the fourth side (sometimes chained the
harbor)
Multi-ethnic city
Greeks, Persians, Italians, Turks, Slavs,
Armenians, and Jews lived in the city
The citizens spoke Greek, but Latin was the
official language.
Constantinople
During Constantine's
rule, over 600,000
people lived in the
city.
Constantine
convinced many
wealthy Romans to
move to the city by
offering to build them
palaces.
Rise of the Eastern Empire
In 410 A.D. Rome fell to the Germanic
invaders
However the city of Constantinople and
the eastern empire remained.
This is when the Byzantine Empire
began.
A Look Ahead
Mapping Activity
Emperor Justinian and his wife Theodora
Byzantine Art
Christianity Splits
Military, Weapons and Tactics
Collapse of the Empire
Review and Test
Culminating Activity
Emperor Justinian
Mr. Fitzpatrick
Learning Goals for “You.”
You will understand the impact
Justinian had on the Byzantine people
and later civilizations.
You will understand the Code of
Justinian.
You will understand the relationship
between Justinian and Theodora.
You will understand the importance of
Theodora and her role in the empire.
Justinian Timeline
525 Married
Theodora
547 Goths take
Rome, Belisarius
takes it back
548 Theodora Dies
527 Becomes CoByzantine Emperor
(sole emperor by
528)
538 Goths take
Rome, Belisarius
takes it back
549 Goths take
Rome again
565 Justinian dies
528 The Code of
Justinian
533 Reclaims
northern Africa
(Belisarius)
552 Retakes Rome
under General
Narses
562 Belisarius dies
532 The Nika Riots
532-537 Rebuilds
the Hagia Sophia
(Holy Wisdom)
554 General
Narses defeats the
Franks
559 Belisarius
saves
Constantinople
from the Bulgars
Justinian’s Code
Finding the laws obscure because
they had become far more
numerous than they should be, and
in obvious confusion
because
they
Procopius, historian and biographer
disagreed with
each other, he
of Justinian
preserved them by cleansing them
of the mass of their verbal trickery,
and by controlling their
Comparing Justinian’s
Codethe
with greatest
CA Penal Code
discrepancies
with
firmness;
Code of Justinian
Justinian came to the throne AD 527
Not content with merely reclaiming lands, Justinian also
respected the laws of ancient Rome. In order to cement them
into his time and his Empire, he called for all of Rome's ancient
laws to be recorded. In doing this, Rome's ancient laws, also
known as the Twelve Tables, were broken down into
categories. Outdated laws were done away with, and complex
laws were simplified.
Desiring the Empire to thrive, Justinian also added new laws
dealing with the fair treatment of those within the Empire. For
instance, one of his laws held that a person is innocent until
proven guilty. This one should be very familiar to anyone who
has sat in a history class or watched a TV cop show.
Justinian's new laws, together with the laws of ancient Rome,
are known today as the Corpus of Civil Law or Justinian's
Code of Laws. Completed around the year 529, these laws
have formed the basis for the judicial systems of the Western
world.
Yes, Justinian may not be as well-known as Caesar or Nero, but
his influence just might be one of the strongest and longestlasting of all the Roman Emperors.
Justinian and Theodora
Bear Keeper’s
Daughter in the
Blue Book.
Women’s Rights
“Empress”
Nika Riots
Nika Riots
Blues and the Greens
Hippodrome was a place where they could air their
problems and get a response from the emperor.
Some members of both groups were arrested and
sentenced to be hanged. The hanging was botched,
and these men fled to a church, where they sought
refuge.
At the Hippodrome, The Blues and Greens called out for
their pardon and release.
They rioted, and tried to have Justinian ousted. Burned
buildings, including the Hagia Sophia (St. Sophia/Holy
Wisdom).
Justinian wanted to flee, but in stepped Theodora.
Theodora’s words to Justinian
"My opinion then is that the present time, above all
others, is inopportune for flight, even though it
bring safety. For while it is impossible for a man
who has seen the light not also to die, for one who
has been an emperor it is unendurable to be a
fugitive. May I never be separated from this purple,
and may I not live that day on which those who
meet me shall not address me as mistress.”
…Theodora
30,000 slaughtered
St.
Sophia
Holy
Wisdom
Virtual
Tour
Hagia Sophia
Reuniting the West with the East
Belisarius – Justinian’s greatest
general, and one of Byzantium's Great
Captains.
Justinian Timeline
525 Married
Theodora
547 Goths take
Rome, Belisarius
takes it back
548 Theodora Dies
527 Becomes CoByzantine Emperor
(sole emperor by
528)
538 Goths take
Rome, Belisarius
takes it back
549 Goths take
Rome again
565 Justinian dies
528 The Code of
Justinian
533 Reclaims
northern Africa
(Belisarius)
552 Retakes Rome
under General
Narses
562 Belisarius dies
532 The Nika Riots
532-537 Rebuilds
the Hagia Sophia
(Holy Wisdom)
554 General
Narses defeats the
Franks
559 Belisarius
saves
Constantinople
from the Bulgars
Justinian’s Three Main
Legacies were…
1. Organizing and rewriting the laws –
Code of Justinian.
2. Rebuilding the Hagia Sophia.
3. Reuniting the Eastern and Western
Roman Empire.
Byzantium Art
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia
Inside the
Hagia Sophia
today
Mosaic
Byzantine Military and
The Fall of Constantinople
Mr. Fitzpatrick
Objectives
The students will understand how the
Byzantine Empire was able to remain
strong for over 1000 years.
The students will be able to tell me the
reasons for the decline and eventual fall
of the Byzantine Empire.
History
The Byzantine Empire lasted from about 306AD until
1453 AD, more than 1000 years.
During its existence, the empire remained one of the
most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces
in Europe.
Where did their military originate?
What do we know about the Roman military?
So the foundation of the Byzantine army is the
Roman army, a Very Strong Foundation.
Weaponry
Greek Fire – like an
Ancient Flame
Thrower, but the fire
burned on water (very
secretive recipe).
Trebuchet – projected
large stones into the
air, over walls (pumpkins?).
Grenades – jars full of
Greek fire hurled using
catapults and
trebuchets.
Famous Generals
Belisarius – The most famous Byzantine
General. Justinian chose him to begin
the reconquest of the Western Roman
territories. He also helped put down the
Nika Riot.
Narses – Another of Justinian’s
generals. Took back Italy from the
Ostrogoths. Also aided in the Nika Riot.
Byzantine Theme System
Localized Armies that could organize quickly.
They were motivated because they were fighting for
the own towns, farms, and families.
Do we have something similar to this today?
Byzantine Tagmata
This was the professional army.
They turned into the Elite Troops,
who were highly paid by the Imperial
Government (The Emperor).
The Decline of the Empire
From the Inside (Internally)
The Decline of the Empire
From the outside (Externally)
The Fall ofFallConstantinople
of Constantinople
Histor
y
Ten Interesting Facts about the
Byzantine Empire
Click Here