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Biceps femoris muscle
The biceps femoris (/ˈbaɪsɛps ˈfɛmərᵻs/) is a muscle of A slip may pass to the gastrocnemius.[1]
the thigh located to the posterior, or back. As its name
implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head)
1.2 Innervation
forms part of the hamstrings muscle group.
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It is a composite muscle as the short head of the biceps
femoris develops in the flexor compartment of the thigh
and is thus innervated by common fibular branch of the
sciatic nerve (L5, S2), while the long head is innervated
by the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve (L5, S2).[3]
Structure
It has two heads of origin;
• one, the long head, arises from the lower and inner impression on the back part of the tuberosity
1.3 Blood supply
of the ischium, by a tendon common to it and
the semitendinosus, and from the lower part of the
The muscle’s vascular supply is derived from the
sacrotuberous ligament;[1]
anastomoses of several arteries: the perforating branches
• the other, the short head, arises from the lateral lip of the profunda femoris artery, the inferior gluteal artery,
[3]
of the linea aspera, between the adductor magnus and the popliteal artery.
and vastus lateralis, extending up almost as high as
the insertion of the gluteus maximus; from the lateral prolongation of the linea aspera to within 5 cm. 2 Function
of the lateral condyle; and from the lateral intermuscular septum.[1]
Both heads of the biceps femoris perform knee flexion.[4]
The fibers of the long head form a fusiform belly, which
passes obliquely downward and lateralward across the
sciatic nerve to end in an aponeurosis which covers the
posterior surface of the muscle, and receives the fibers of
the short head; this aponeurosis becomes gradually contracted into a tendon, which is inserted into the lateral
side of the head of the fibula, and by a small slip into the
lateral condyle of the tibia.[1]
Since the long head originates in the pelvis it is also involved in hip extension.[4] The long head of the biceps
femoris is a weaker knee flexor when the hip is extended
(because of active insufficiency). For the same reason
the long head is a weaker hip extender when the knee is
flexed.
From the posterior border of the tendon a thin expansion is given off to the fascia of the leg. The tendon of
insertion of this muscle forms the lateral hamstring; the
common fibular (peroneal) nerve descends along its medial border.[1]
3 Clinical significance
When the knee is semi-flexed, the biceps femoris in consequence of its oblique direction rotates the leg slightly
At its insertion the tendon divides into two portions, outward.
which embrace the fibular collateral ligament of the kneejoint.[1]
1.1
4 See also
This article uses anatomical terminology;
overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Variations
The short head may be absent; additional heads may arise
from the ischial tuberosity, the linea aspera, the medial 4.1 Additional images
supracondylar ridge of the femur, or from various other
parts.[1] The tendon of insertion may be attached to the
• Right hip bone. External surface.
Iliotibial band and to retinacular fibers of the lateral joint
capsule.[2]
• Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface.
1
for an
2
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• Cross-section through the middle of the thigh.
• Muscles of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions.
• The popliteal, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries.
• Nerves of the right lower extremity Posterior view.
• Back of left lower extremity.
• Biceps femoris
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References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the
20th edition of Gray’s Anatomy (1918)
[1] “Gray’s Anatomy”. 1918.
[2] The Adult Knee, vol. 1, ed. Callaghan, p. 70
[3] −865402803 at GPnotebook
[4] Origin, insertion and nerve supply of the muscle at Loyola
University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
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Further reading
• Kumakura, Hiroo (July 1989). “Functional analysis of the biceps femoris muscle during locomotor behavior in some primates”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 79 (3): 379–391.
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330790314. PMID 2504047.
• Marshall, John L.; Girgis, Fakhry G.; Zelko, Russel R. (1972). “The Biceps Femoris Tendon and Its
Functional Significance (PDF)". J Bone Joint Surg
Am. 54 (54): 1444–1450.
• Sneath, R. S. (October 1955). “The insertion of the
biceps femoris”. J Anat. 89 (89(Pt 4)): 550–553.
PMC 1244747. PMID 13278305.
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External links
• UWash - long head
• UWash - short head
• Anatomy photo:14:06-0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
• Anatomy photo:14:st-0402 at the SUNY Downstate
Medical Center
EXTERNAL LINKS
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